scholarly journals Changes in Arterial Blood Pressure and Oxygen Tension as a Result of Hoisting in Isoflurane Anesthetized Healthy Adult Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Cerullo ◽  
Bernd Driessen ◽  
Hope Douglas ◽  
Klaus Hopster
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

Background: In anesthetized adult horses, changes in recumbency can influence the cardiovascular system but how arterial blood pressures and oxygen tension change in isoflurane anesthetized animals as a direct result of hoisting has not been investigated.Objective: To evaluate effects of hoisting on hemodynamic function and pulmonary gas exchange in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.Study Design: Prospective, experimental study.Methods: Six adult horses were anesthetized three times using isoflurane in pure oxygen (inspired fraction 0.9–1.0), and allowed breathing spontaneously in lateral recumbency. After 45 min horses were hoisted using a single hoist-hobble system for 5 min and returned into left lateral recumbency. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) were measured every minute starting from 5 min before to 5 min after hoisting. Arterial blood gas samples were collected before, during, and after hoisting.Results: Significant changes in hemodynamic parameters and PaO2 but not PaCO2 were found between baseline recordings and measurements obtained during and early after hoisting. The MAP decreased within the 1st min of hoisting from a mean of 74 ± 17 mmHg at baseline to 57 ± 20 mmHg (p < 0.05). Thereafter, it rapidly recovered to baseline before continuing to rise to higher than baseline values and then remaining elevated for 5 min after horses were returned into lateral recumbency. Simultaneously, the HR increased by 6–9 beats per min during the initial 3 min of hoisting before returning close to baseline values (p < 0.05). The PaO2 decreased significantly from a mean of 324.9 ±137.0 mmHg at baseline to a mean of 141.3 ± 104.2 mmHg during hoisting (p < 0.001) without recovering any more to baseline values.Clinical significance: Hoisting an adult horse during or at the end of isoflurane anesthesia carries the risk of a precipitous, though short-lived (1–2 min), drop in arterial blood pressures and a persistent decrease in arterial oxygenation. While in systemically healthy animals the observed functional impairments were not life-threatening, they may be more severe in systemically compromised horses.Therefore, arterial blood pressures and oxygenation must be carefully monitored when hoisting sick equine patients during or at the end of inhalant anesthesia.

scholarly journals External Abdominal Aortic Compression: A Study of a Resuscitation Manoeuvre for Postpartum Haemorrhage

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Riley ◽  
R. W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Aortic Occlusion ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Control

External aortic compression is an emergency manoeuvre proposed to reduce postpartum haemorrhage and permit time for resuscitation and control of bleeding. To assess this technique, a prospective study was performed on twenty normal non-bleeding parturients. The abdominal aorta was compressed by firm pressure with a closed fist just above the umbilicus. Leg and arm arterial blood pressures were measured and femoral artery pulsation felt before, during and after compression. Leg blood pressure was completely obliterated in 55% and significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in a further 10% of subjects. All of these subjects with reduced or absent leg blood pressure also had obliteration of the femoral pulse with compression. Systemic arterial blood pressure was not significantly elevated by successful aortic occlusion. Discomfort with the manoeuvre was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the group of subjects that had successful aortic occlusion. It is recommended that external aortic compression be considered in severe life-threatening postpartum haemorrhage, particularly during stabilisation or transport of the patient. This simple manoeuvre may be used as an adjunct to other measures and could prove of benefit, especially in locations or situations where advanced medical assistance is geographically or temporally removed.

The Effect of Oxygen Tension, Syringe Type and Temperature on Arterial Blood Gas Storage in Healthy Alpacas

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Gareth Buckley ◽  
◽  
Daniela Bedenice ◽  
Katherine Holmes ◽  
Elizabeth Rozanski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

scholarly journals Nosocomial Methemoglobinemia Resulting from Self-Administration of Benzocaine Spray

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Christopher Hoffman ◽  
Hawa Abubakar ◽  
Pramood Kalikiri ◽  
Michael Green
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Life Threatening

Methemoglobinemia is life-threatening and bears pathognomonic signs difficult to diagnose in real time. Local anesthetics are widely used and are known for eliciting this condition. We report a case of methemoglobinemia secondary to self-administered use of benzocaine spray. A 27-year-old woman was found to be in respiratory distress during postoperative recovery. After desaturation persisted, arterial blood gas yielded a methemoglobin level of 47%. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous methylene blue. Review of the events revealed self-administered doses of benzocaine spray to alleviate discomfort from a nasogastric tube. We review this case in detail in addition to discussing methemoglobinemia and its relevant biochemistry, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and medical management. Given the recognized risk of methemoglobinemia associated with benzocaine use, we recommend its removal from the market in favor of safer alternatives.

Benzocaine-related methaemoglobinemia after transoesophageal echocardiography: a rare, life-threatening complication

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e241887
Author(s):  
John Wagner ◽  
Nicole Cornet ◽  
Alan Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Methaemoglobin Level

Methaemoglobinemia is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of topical benzocaine use that requires prompt identification in patients who undergo transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In this case, a 21-year-old patient who had sustained a stroke with residual right-sided weakness a few days prior to presentation underwent TEE to evaluate for intracardiac shunt. She required intubation as part of her poststroke care with some instrumentation to the posterior oropharynx. Shortly after TEE, the patient experienced sudden onset respiratory distress and hypoxia that did not improve with supplemental oxygen. Chest X-ray did not reveal any acute cardiopulmonary process. Arterial blood gas co-oximetry panel with methaemoglobin level confirmed the diagnosis of methaemoglobinemia. The patient promptly received methylene blue, recovered quickly and did not have any additional episodes of hypoxia.

Hypoxemia and pulmonary gas exchange during hemodialysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Patterson ◽  
A. R. Nissenson ◽  
J. Miller ◽  
R. T. Smith ◽  
R. G. Narins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Alveolar Oxygen

With measured values of arterial blood gas tensions, of expired respiratory gas fractions, and volume of the expired ventilation, the determinants of alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) were used to evaluate their influence on the development of the arterial hypoxemia that occurs in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing hemodialysis using an acetate dialysate. Dialysis produced no significant changes in the alveolar-arterial O2 tension gradient (AaDO2). The extracorporeal dialyzer removed an average of 30 ml.m-2.min-1 of CO2. Accordingly the pulmonary gas exchange ratio (R) dropped from a mean predialysis value of 0.81 to 0.62 (P less than 0.001). The arterial CO2 tension remained constant throughout, whereas the minute ventilation, both total (P less than 0.01) and alveolar (P less than 0.01), decreased during dialysis. This decrease in ventilation accounts for more than 80% of the fall in PAO2. During dialysis there was a decrease (P less than 0.001) in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), which varied among the individuals from 9 to 23% of control. During the postdialysis hour PaO2 returns to control values concomitant with increase in ventilation. The quantitative gas exchange relationships among R, alveolar ventilation, and AaDO2 predict the PaO2 values actually measured.

scholarly journals Interpretation of arterial blood gases

Pulse ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
CP Dokwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Life Threatening

Measuring arterial blood gas is routinely performed in critically ill patients, and may unravel severe life-threatening acid-base disorders or hypoxemia. It provides the vital information about ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base status in such persons. These three processes are intimately related to each other in achieving normal oxygenation and acid-balance in the body.The interpretation of arterial blood gas requires a reasonable understanding of respiratory physiology and acid-base balance in the body. Hence, in the following section, first the role of alveolar ventilation, oxygenation, and the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis have been discussed. This is followed by a step-wise approach to analyze the acid-base disorders, if present.DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v3i1.6547Pulse Vol.3(1) July 2009 p15-19

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CORRELATION OF LACTATE /ALBUMIN RATIO IN SEPSIS PATIENTS ADMITTED IN ICU

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
KotbAbbass Metwalley Khalil ◽  
Leif Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Life Threatening

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection, and septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities are sufficiently profound to substantially increase mortality. Patients with sepsis are usually treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Hence; under the light of above-mentioned data, the present study was undertaken for determining the correlation of lactate /albumin ratio in outcome of patients of sepsis in ICU. The present study was undertaken for determining the correlation of lactate /albumin ratio in outcome of patients of sepsis in ICU. A total of 30 patients were enrolled. The resulting patients were subjected to detailed history and examination followed by investigations (CBC, ESR, CRP), Bacterial culture, liver function test, renal function test, arterial blood gas analysis for lactate, serum albumin level). Mean Lactate value was 4.59 while mean albumin value was 25.12. Mean lactate to albumin ratio was 0.18. While correlating lactate to albumin ratio with Serum Procalcitonin levels, significant results were obtained. While correlating lactate to albumin ratio, it was seen that higher lactate to albumin ratio was associated with higher mortality. Lactate/albumin ratio is an independent predictor for the mortality among sepsis patients admitted to ICU.

scholarly journals P0290THERAPEUTIC PLASMAPHERESIS EXPERIENCE DUE TO NEPHROLOGICAL INDICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Baloglu ◽  
Hatice Ozge Serin ◽  
Halil Zeki Tonbul ◽  
Nedim Yılmaz Selcuk ◽  
Kultigin Turkmen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Humoral Rejection ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinical Responses

Abstract Background and Aims Therapeutic plasma exchange (PEX) has an increasingly long list of indications in recent years, in addition to immunosuppressive therapies in many life-threatening immune activations, it provides significant improvements in mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the laboratory and clinical effects of PEX performed with nephrologic indication in our clinic. Method The records of 67 patients (36 females, 31 males; mean age, 45.7±15.8 years) who underwent PEX with nephrological indication between 2012 and 2017 in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Characteristics of the patients such as, indications of PEX, laboratory values and number of PEX sessions were recorded. In addition, clinical responses were also evaluated. Results When a total 398 PEX sessions were examined, the most common indication (40.3%) was acute humoral rejection after renal transplantation, followed by granulomatosis with polyangiitis (19.4%) and thrombotic microangiopathy (9%), respectively. The average of the PEX sessions was 5.94. There was a statistically significant increase in the bicarbonate value when the arterial blood gas of the patients was evaluated after PEX (p=0.002). However, no significant difference was observed in the pH and ionized calcium values (p=0.135, p=0.969, respectively) (Table 1). When all the patients were evaluated, there was no significant change in hemoglobin values (p=0.174), but platelet values decreased significantly (p=0.011) after PEX. However, when the patient group admitted with thrombotic microangiopathy was examined, it was observed that platelet count increased and LDH level decreased significantly (p=0.063, p=0.028, respectively). When the serum creatinine values of all patients were evaluated, a significant decrease was observed in the serum creatinine values after PEX (p=0.001). In addition, after 2 years following PEX treatment, 70.1% of patients were still alive and 12.5% of patients undergoing PEX for acute humoral rejection were undergoing on hemodialysis treatment. Conclusion According to the results of our study, patients should be followed up especially for acid-base and electrolyte changes after PEX. In addition, therapeutic PEX might be effective in terms of improving morbidity and 2 year-mortality of these patients.

scholarly journals Residual Respiratory Impairment After COVID-19 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Lombardi ◽  
Angelo Calabrese ◽  
Bruno Iovene ◽  
Chiara Pierandrei ◽  
Marialessia Lerede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Respiratory Impairment ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Introduction: the Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) can infect the respiratory tract, causing mild to deadly respiratory impairment. It is still unknown whether patients recovering from Covid-19 will develop respiratory sequelae. This study aims to evaluate the respiratory and functional condition of Covid-19 recovered patients, stratified according to their worst p/F during hospitalization for Covid-19. Method: 86 Covid-19 recovered subjects performed, after 39 days on average, physical examination and arterial blood gas (ABG) examination, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Subjects also quantified their dyspnoea and cough using a visual analogic scale (VAS) at three-time points: previously than COVID infection, during COVID hospitalization, and currently. The 76 subjects with reliable ABG during the hospitalization were stratified in three groups according to their worst PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p/F): “mild”: p/F>300 (n = 38); “moderate”: 200<p/F<300 (n = 30), “severe” p/F < 200 (n = 20). Results: In this cohort, Covid-19 recovered subjects still reported significant residual dyspnoea at the visit time. The severe subjects group showed a lower Total Lung Capacity (TLC), a lower DLco, and a worse 6MWT performance. Conclusion: After Covid-19, respiratory and functional impairments may persist. These impairments seem to be more severe as much as minor was the patient worst p/F during hospitalization. These patients should receive a strict follow-up.

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