scholarly journals Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Results From the 2015 National Adult Tobacco Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Vishwas Kulkarni ◽  
Phonepadith Xangsayarath ◽  
Daovieng Douangvichith ◽  
Latsamy Siengsounthone ◽  
Khatthanaphone Phandouangsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
At Home

Objectives: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure causes >600,000 deaths annually worldwide, however, information regarding SHS exposure in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PRD) is limited; we report SHS exposure prevalence at home, inside workplaces, and indoor public spaces in Lao PDR.Methods: Data were from the 2015 Lao National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of 7,562 participants aged ≥15 years recruited through a stratified 2-stage cluster sampling approach.Results: 88.3% (83.9% of non-smokers) reported SHS exposure at home and 63.0% (54.0% of non-smokers) at workplaces. Among non-smokers, women had greater exposure at home than men (86.6 vs. 77.0%). Lower education levels were associated with exposure at home or the workplace. 99.2% reported SHS exposure at any public place; specifically for restaurants/food stores 57.7%, government offices 56.2%, public transport 31.6%, and health care facilities 11.7%.Conclusion: SHS exposure at home and workplace in Lao PDR is among the highest in South-East Asia. Comprehensive smoke-free policies at government-owned workplaces and facilities, stricter enforcement of these smoke-free policies, and strategies to encourage smoke-free environments at homes and in public places are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Organic Fertilisers on Lettuce Yield in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Phimmasone Sisouvanh ◽  
John McPhee ◽  
Suzie Jones ◽  
Stephen Ives ◽  
Alice R. Melland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Organic Fertilisers

Production of leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is limited by low nutrient soils. Organic fertilisers or composts made from agricultural residues may provide Lao PDR farmers with economical and environmentally sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilisers. Research is needed to increase awareness and knowledge of organic fertilisers suited to vegetable production in Lao PDR. An experiment at the Horticultural Research Centre (HRC) in Vientiane assessed the effect of four organic fertilisers on growth and yield of lettuce. Two commercially available fertilisers (fermented manure compost and an organic fertiliser) were compared with a mixture of cow manure plus rice husks, and a fourth compost made from vegetable leaves, straw and cow manure at the HRC. The experimental design was a randomised block with four replicates for each fertiliser treatment. Lettuce was grown in raised beds with 10 tonnes per hectare (t/ha) fertiliser applied before seedlings were transplanted. The fermented manure compost treatment had the highest yield (1.95 kg/m2) and was significantly higher than the other three treatments (p < 0.001). Growth rates were also highest for the fermented manure compost at all measured growth intervals (14, 28 and 45 days after transplanting). Rapid nutrient release from fertiliser is important for short-term crops. The higher growth rates and yields found for the fermented manure compost indicate that nutrients were released sooner and were more readily available compared to the other treatments. Mature compost releases nutrients more rapidly than compost that contains partially decomposed rice husks, vegetable leaves and straw.

scholarly journals Oral health behavior of children and guardians’ beliefs about children’s dental caries in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0211257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somphone Phanthavong ◽  
Daisuke Nonaka ◽  
Thongsavanh Phonaphone ◽  
Kyoko Kanda ◽  
Phouphachanh Sombouaphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic

scholarly journals Conservation of the red-shanked douc Pygathrix nemaeus in Lao People's Democratic Republic: density estimates based on distance sampling and habitat suitability modelling

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Z. Coudrat ◽  
C. Nanthavong ◽  
K. A. I. Nekaris
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Pygathrix Nemaeus

AbstractThe Endangered red-shanked douc Pygathrix nemaeus is a charismatic Asian colobine endemic to Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). The largest population is found in central-eastern Lao PDR but it has never been quantified. We conducted line-transect surveys in Nakai–Nam Theun National Protected Area in 2011–2012. We used distance sampling combined with a habitat suitability model to estimate group density and group abundance in the area. Our analysis yielded a density of 2.8 (range 1.9–4.1) groups per km2 and c. 4,420 groups within the predicted c. 1,600 km2 of suitable habitat in Nakai–Nam Theun. These are the only available data for P. nemaeus in Lao PDR to date. We discuss the limitations of our survey, which involved potential violations of the distance sampling method, and highlight the challenges of using this method for primates. We also consider the importance of assessing limitations in distance sampling studies, to evaluate reliability and facilitate comparisons. The population of P. nemaeus in Lao PDR is under threat from illegal hunting and is not the focus of any specific conservation action. To avoid a repetition of the decline the species has already experienced in Vietnam, and to secure the species' global survival, conservation projects need to target the population in Nakai–Nam Theun. A long-term conservation and research project in this key biodiversity area will also benefit other threatened and unique co-existing species.

scholarly journals Menstrual health and factors associated with school absence among secondary school girls in Luang Prabang Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261268
Author(s):  
Souphalak Inthaphatha ◽  
Viengsakhone Louangpradith ◽  
Leyla Isin Xiong ◽  
Valee Xiong ◽  
Ly Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
School Absence ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
School Girls

In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), information on school sanitation and menstrual health among secondary school girls is limited. This study aimed to explore knowledge and practices surrounding menstrual health and to identify factors associated with school absence due to menstruation among secondary school girls in Lao PDR. The study involved 1,366 girls from grade 9 to grade 12 in six secondary schools in Luang Prabang Province. Data on socio-demographics and menstrual health of the girls and data on school toilets was collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with school absence due to menstruation. The mean age was 15.8 years old. The average age of menarche was 12.9 years old. Of 1,366 girls, 64.6% were shocked or ashamed when they reached menarche and 31.8% had been absent from school due to menstruation in the six months before this study was conducted. Factors associated with school absence due to menstruation were age ≥ 16 years old (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.37–2.34), higher income (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.16–4.87), menstrual anxiety (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.09–2.20), using painkillers (AOR = 4.79, 95% CI 2.96–7.76) and other methods (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.86–4.28) for dysmenorrhea, and disposing used pads in places other than the school’s waste bins (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.03–1.75). Living with relatives (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.95) and schools outside the city (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.90) were significantly less associated with school absence. Although the association between school toilets and school absence was not examined, the results of this study suggest that school toilets should be gender-separated and equipped with waste bins in the toilet. Furthermore, menstrual education should start at elementary schools and teacher training on menstrual health should be promoted.

Etiological Study of Diarrheal Patients in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsu Yamashiro ◽  
Noboru Nakasone ◽  
Naomi Higa ◽  
Masaaki Iwanaga ◽  
Sithat Insisiengmay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Etiological Study ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Almost All

The etiological agents of diarrhea in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), were studied in the period from October 1996 to August 1997. A total of 880 patients with diarrhea visiting medical facilities were examined for Shigella,Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli,Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and rotavirus. Shigella spp., heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)-producing E. coli, and serogroup-based enteropathogenic E. coli were found to be the main organisms causing diarrhea in Vientiane, with frequencies of 16.8% (148 of 880), 17.2% (111 of 645), and 11.0% (97 of 880), respectively. Relatively low incidences were observed in the cases ofSalmonella spp., (0.6%; 5 of 880),Campylobacter spp. (4.4%; 39 of 880), and rotavirus (6.1%; 9 of 148), and no isolates of V. cholerae O1 or O139 or Aeromonas were recovered. An analysis of the incidences of enteropathogens with respect to age and seasonal variations demonstrated that the frequencies of isolation ofShigella spp. and heat-labile enterotoxin-producingE. coli were significantly higher in those aged 1 to 5 years than in those younger than 1 year of age and those older than 5 years of age (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and that the frequencies of isolation ofShigella spp. and ST-producing E. coli were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Almost all strains of Shigella spp. tested were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin and were susceptible to cefdinir and ofloxacin. This is the first intensive and longitudinal study to define the etiologic agents of diarrheal diseases in Lao PDR.

Comparative aspects of cricket farming in Thailand, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Halloran ◽  
R. Caparros Megido ◽  
J. Oloo ◽  
T. Weigel ◽  
P. Nsevolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Cricket farming can have a positive impact on rural development and rural economy in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, crickets have the potential to address food and nutrition insecurity and promote food sovereignty through the promotion of local production and consumption. This paper presents and discusses five complementary studies conducted in Thailand, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Kenya. Cricket farming is being promoted in these countries under research projects, public-private partnerships, NGOs and international organisations. In the majority of the countries, cricket farming is still in its infancy and research into how to improve cricket farming systems is still on-going. Cricket farming in Cambodia, Lao PDR, DRC and Kenya remains relatively limited, and many farmers are still a part of pilot projects. In each of the five regions, different cricket species have been a part of traditional diets. As discussed in this paper, many of the potential benefits of the production and consumption of crickets have not yet been realised in many cases due to: (1) lack of adequate support and awareness from stakeholders (especially government agencies); (2) unknown trade volumes; (3) high costs of inputs; and (4) cultural taboos. The information presented in this paper will be especially useful to stakeholders from governmental institutions, non-governmental organisations, civil society organisations and research institutions.

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