Global Trends and Current Status in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in Recent 30 Years

Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive and disabling disease with heavy socioeconomic burdens. The purpose of our study was to summarize the global trends and current status in ONFH.Methods: Publications related to ONFH from 1991 to 2020 were searched from the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database. The data were analyzed with bibliometric methods. Microsoft Excel was used to statistical analysis and draw bar charts. SPSS was applied to perform linear regression analysis. VOSviewer was used to conduct bibliographic coupling analysis, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. Results: A total of 5,523 publications were covered. The United States consistently ranked first in total publications, sum of times cited, average citations per item, and H-index. Kyushu University was the main contributor to ONFH. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research was the major publishing channels for ONFH-related articles. Takuaki Yamamoto published the most ONFH-related articles. Studies regarding ONFH could be divided into 5 clusters: mechanism study, treatment study, complication study, radiological study, and etiological study. Mechanism study might become the hot spot in the future.Conclusions: This study identified the last 30 years’ articles in ONFH and summarized their global trends and current status, which classified them by country, institution and author, publication, funding agency, and direction. This study will help researchers understand the research perspectives, hot spots, and trends of ONFH.

A Clinico-Etiological Study of Erythroderma in Adults in a Tertiary Care Centre

BACKGROUND Erythroderma is a clinical entity that may cause severe systemic manifestations. The difficulty with erythroderma lies in finding the underlying aetiology. It is imperative to demonstrate precise aetiology whenever possible so that distinct therapy may be initiated. At times, despite finding the aetiology, relapses constitute a great menace. The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical profile and aetiology of erythroderma. Besides, the study also illustrated factors leading to relapses; such studies are rare in literature. METHODS This hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 88 patients of erythroderma of either sex and age more than 18 years; their clinical, laboratory, histopathological findings, treatment and outcome were studied. RESULTS The mean age of onset was 47.3 ± 12.35 years with the male to female ratio being 2.38:1. The most common cause of erythroderma was pre-existing dermatoses (67 %) followed by drugs (10.2 %), infections (3.4 %), malignancies (4.54 %), and idiopathic (14.7 %). Psoriasis was the predominant aetiology (45.4 %) among the pre-existing dermatoses with a maximum number of relapses (P = 0.02). Psoriasis was significantly associated with pruritus (P = 0.001), subungual hyperkeratosis (P = 0.0001), palmoplantar keratoderma (P = 0.001). Clinicohistological association was found in 64.6 % of cases. Mortality was seen in 6.8 % of cases. CONCLUSIONS As in previous studies, pre-existing dermatoses were the most common causes in our study; albeit, a special emphasis on factors leading to relapses was given to prevent further episodes. The most common factor of relapse was uncontrolled comorbid disorders (diabetes and hypertension) followed by medication nonadherence. Hence, our study suggests a need for more effective comorbidity management and creating awareness regarding judicial use of drugs which can go far in preventing mortality and morbidity. KEY WORDS Erythroderma, Adults, Aetiology, Relapses, Comorbidities.

Infectious Bovine Respiratory Diseases in Adult Cattle: An Extensive Necropsic and Etiological Study

In young cattle, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of death and Mannheimia haemolytica is a frequent pathogen. Knowledge of fatal BRD in adult cattle is more limited. We assessed the importance of infectious BRD as a cause of death in adult cattle and determined the associated pathogens. We analyzed data from 737 adult cattle necropsies at the Pathology Unit for Large Animals at Oniris, Nantes, France over a 6 year period (2013–2019). Each carcass was subjected to a complete necropsy. Lungs showing macroscopic lesions were classified into three categories: infectious primary pulmonary (IPP) lesions, thromboembolic pneumonia (TEP) and others (aspiration pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, and local extension of an extra-pulmonary inflammatory process). Half of the lungs with IPP macroscopic lesions were sampled for histology and submitted for polymerase chain reaction. BRD was the second leading cause of death (15.7%) after digestive diseases (32.2%). A strong predominance of IPP lesions (42.3%) and TEP lesions (39.6%) was also demonstrated. In IPP macroscopic lesions, fibrinous, hemorrhagic and/or hecrotic (FHN) bronchopneumonia accounted for 77.6% of macroscopic lesions. Mannheimia haemolytica was significantly associated with FHN bronchopneumonia macroscopic lesions. This study suggests that Mannheimia haemolytica should be included in the differential diagnosis of BRD in adult cattle.

Etiological study of urinary bladder carcinoma in patients presenting to tertiary care centre

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer of the urinary tract. Lately, there has been an increased incidence of urothelial neoplasia due to exposure to a wide range of potentially carcinogenic substances. Studies of involved factors led to the concept of existence of a so-called malignization terrain, which claims that individual genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to carcinogens act synergistically leading to the appearance of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Aim of the research was to find out the common etiological factors of bladder cancer in this part of India.Methods: The study included 100 patients of bladder carcinoma reporting to Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Amritsar from March 2018 to December 2019. A detailed history was taken to have the insight of various etiological factors of the disease. The data was entered in Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results: The most common blood group associated with CA UB was A +ve (39%) followed by B +ve (29%). 89% of the cases of CA UB were non-smokers predominantly attributed to type of patients coming to our tertiary care institute which are from a rural background (73%) and are mostly Sikhs (80%) and Sikhs are traditionally non-smokers. 80% were farmers by occupation who have exposure to pesticides, insecticides, weedicides and herbicides routinely.Conclusion: In our study majority of the patients turned out to be non-smokers and A +ve blood group in contrast to the strong predilection of smoking and bladder cancer.

Erythroderma: a clinico etiological study of 77 patients in a tertiary care centre in Kerala

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Erythroderma is defined as generalized erythema and scaling of the skin affecting more than 90% of body surface area. Identification of the underlying disease process represents one of the most complex challenges in proper patient care.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was done in Department of Dermatology in a Tertiary Care Centre. History, clinical findings and investigations of erythroderma patients were recorded and clinic-histopathological correlation was analyzed by kappa coefficient (К).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Erythroderma was more prevalent in elderly males with a mean age of 64.56 years and a male to female ratio of 3:1. A clinical evidence of pre-existing dermatoses was found in 65 patients, commonest being eczema (41.3%) followed by psoriasis (40.3%). Evidence of a trigger was seen in 54.54% patients, commonest being the use of ayurvedic medications (42.8%). Clinico-histopathological correlation was seen in 53.9% cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Although the clinical presentation of erythroderma is similar, etiological factors are varied and it depends largely on the population studied. Most commonly, erythroderma is due to generalization of pre-existing dermatoses as seen in our study. Hence careful evaluation of clinical clues and histopathological correlation plays a pivotal role in diagnosis of the primary cause and the effective management of erythroderma.</p>

Epidemical and etiological study on hand, foot and mouth disease following EV-A71 vaccination in Xiangyang, China

Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) and Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) have been emerging as the prevailing serotypes and overtaking Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) in most areas as main pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China since 2013. To investigate whole etiological spectrum following EV-A71 vaccination of approximate 40,000 infants and young children in Xiangyang, enteroviruses were serotyped in 4415 HFMD cases from October 2016 to December 2017 using Real Time and conventional PCR and cell cultures. Of the typeable 3201 specimen, CV-A6 was the predominant serotype followed by CV-A16, CV-A10, CV-A5, CV-A2 and EV-A71 with proportions of 59.54%, 15.31%, 11.56%, 4.56%, 3.78% and 3.03%, respectively. Other 12 minor serotypes were also detected. The results demonstrated that six major serotypes of enteroviruses were co-circulating, including newly emerged CV-A2 and CV-A5. A dramatic decrease of EV-A71 cases was observed, whereas the total cases remained high. Multivalent vaccines against major serotypes are urgently needed for control of HFMD.