scholarly journals Development and Performance Evaluation of a Precise Application System for Liquid Starter Fertilizer while Sowing Maize

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Changchang Yu ◽  
Qingjie Wang ◽  
Xinpeng Cao ◽  
Xiuhong Wang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Application System ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Form

At present, liquid starter fertilizer (LSF) application technologies experience problems with low fertilizer utilization efficiency. In this study, we adopted a method of precise application of LSF near the seeds on seed bed in point form during sowing. A precise application system that can detect seed information in real time and control the solenoid valve to open automatically was developed for this method. The LSF supply system and detection control system were studied in detail. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the precise application system in terms of operation quality (qualified index of the length of the LSF, QIL; the amount of the LSF, FA; and qualified index of the distance between the seeds and the LSF, QID) at forward speeds of 4, 6, and 8 km/h and pressures of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 MPa. The results indicated that QIL was 96.4%, the range of FA was 1.34 to 13.86 mL, and QID was 82.6%, which signifies the developed system meets the demands of precise LSF application. This method achieves the target of improving fertilizer use efficiency and provides a reference for developing fertilization devices for precisely applying LSF.

scholarly journals The Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Meaning and Sources of Variation—Case Studies on Three Vegetable Crops in Central Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Marcello Guiducci ◽  
Francesco Tei
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Application Method ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) of crops is examined by taking into account both plant N uptake efficiency, focusing on the recovery of fertilizer-N, and the utilization efficiency of the absorbed N. The latter is further analyzed as the overall effect of the absorbed N on crop leaf area, light absorption, photosynthesis, crop growth, biomass partitioning, and yield. The main sources of variation for the NUE of crops are considered, and several of them are discussed based on results from field experiments carried out at the University of Perugia (central Italy) between 1991 and 2008 on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). More specifically, the effects of species, cultivar, fertilizer-N rate, form and application method (mineral and organic fertilization, green manuring, fertigation frequency), and sink limitation are reported. Implications for residual N in the soil and leaching risks are also discussed. The fertilizer-N rate is the main factor affecting crop NUE for a given irrigation management and rainfall regime. Indeed, avoiding over fertilization is the first and primary means to match a high use efficiency and economic return of fertilizer-N with limited environmental risks from nitrate leaching. The form and application method of fertilizer-N also may affect the NUE, especially in the case of limiting or overabundant N supply. Particularly, high fertigation frequency increased the recovery of fertilizer-N by the crop. It is suggested that species-specific curves for critical N concentration (i.e., the minimum N concentration that allows the maximum growth) can be the reference to calibrate the quick tests used to guide dynamic fertilization management, which is essential to achieve both the optimal crop N nutritional status and the maximum NUE.

Impact of deficit irrigation and addition of biochar and polymer on soil salinity and tomato productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-394
Author(s):  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Ibrahim Louki
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study is to investigate impact of soil amendments (4% biochar, 0.4% polymer, and a combination of them) on soil moisture and salinity distribution, tomato yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE). Open-field experiments were conducted during two successive growing seasons in 2017 and 2018. The experiment consisted of three levels of irrigation treatments: 100%, 80%, and 60% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc); and two different water qualities: fresh 0.9 dS m−1 and saline electrical conductivity 3.6 dS m−1. Results revealed that at 100% of ETc, soil water distribution increased by 12.94%, 37.87%, and 42.21% at depths 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm, with the addition of biochar, respectively, compared with control at same depths under freshwater, but the addition of polymer was increased by 6.35%, 16.56%, and 16.37%, respectively. While combination treatments increased by 15.70%, 24.80%, and 41.26%, at the depths aforementioned. Salt concentration was increased by 59.10% with biochar, whereas decreasing by 7.19% and 57.63% with polymer and mixture treatments, respectively. The results also showed that biochar and mixture treatments improved yield compared with the polymer and control, whereas saline water decreased the yield compared with freshwater. With deficit irrigation, WUE was increased by 28.54%, 40.98%, and 68.93% at 100%, 80%, and 60% of ETc, respectively, indicating it could be used as an irrigation management strategy under arid and semiarid field conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorous Application on Uptake, Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency under Rice-Rice and Rice-Sunflower Systems in High P Soils

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Srinivas ◽  
◽  
P. Surendra Babu ◽  
A. Madhavi ◽  
G.E.C.H. Vidyasagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Removal

Field experiments on P accumulated soils were conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 to assess (i) P fertilizer requirement and (ii) P fertilizer use efficiency using 32P isotope in rice–rice and rice–sunflower (rabi) systems. Four treatments in kharif (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% and T4: 25%) recommended dose of phosphorus (RDP) and three treatments in rabi (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% RDP) were tested. A uniform dose of 100% recommended 48 kg ha-1 of N and 24 kg ha-1 of K were applied along with P treatments. The P removal by both grain and straw by both crops under rice-rice system was at par with 100 and 75% RDP. The percent P utilization in entire system revealed that 75% RDP gave better utilization of applied P to a tune of 26% compared to 22% realized by 100% RDP in each crop. Similar trend of P removal by rice and sunflower seeds in rice-sunflower system was observed. Percent P utilization in both crops was 24.5% under 100% RDP and 27.2% under 75% RDP. The study clearly indicated 25% reduction in P fertilization for both cropping systems in high P soils.

scholarly journals Celery Yield Responds to Phosphorus Rate But Not Phosphorus Placement on Histosols

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Espinoza ◽  
C.A. Sanchez ◽  
T.J. Schueneman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

Four field experiments were conducted during two production seasons to evaluate soil-test P fertilizer recommendations for celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) produced on Histosols, which often are linked hydrologically to environmentally sensitive wetlands, and to evaluate band placement as a strategy for improving P fertilizer-use efficiency in celery in such areas. Phosphorus was applied (broadcast or banded) at 0,50, 100,150, and 200 kg P/ha. Broadcast P was surface-applied and disked into the soil ≈ 15 cm deep 1 day before planting. Banded P was applied 5 cm below the soil surface and 5 cm to the side of each celery row. Total above-ground mass, marketable trimmed yield of celery, and yield of the larger grade sizes increased with P rate in all experiments. Band P placement was not a viable strategy for improving P fertilizer-use efficiency for celery. However, our results indicate that previous soil-test-based P fertilizer recommendations for celery were too high for the cultivars grown currently, and improved P fertilizer-use efficiency can be obtained with revised soil-test calibrations.

Yield and N uptake of barley on two artificially eroded soils in north-central Alberta

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
R. Pradhan ◽  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
M. Nyborg ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
North Central ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Topsoil Removal

Topsoil depth is an indirect indicator of soil quality and crop productivity. A 2-yr field study was conducted in north-central Alberta with the following objectives: (1) to determine aboveground barley dry matter yield, N uptake, and fertilizer-use efficiency (FUE) in two artificially eroded soils of contrasting properties, and (2) to assess the effectiveness of KNO3 and urea in compensating for lost productivity. Field experiments were conducted on an Orthic Gray Luvisol (Site 1) and on an Eluviated Black Chernozem (Site 2) in 1991 and 1992. The treatments consisted of three depths of topsoil removal (0, 10 and 20 cm) and three N fertilizers (KNO3 and urea at 150 kg N ha−1, and the control). The plots were sown to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Yields and N uptake of aboveground barley dry matter decreased with each increment of topsoil removal and were lowest in the 20-cm topsoil removal. Fertilizer N improved yields and N uptake at each depth of erosion. In most of the erosion treatments barley yields and N uptake tended to be greater with KNO3 than with urea. The effectiveness of each N source, however, varied with site. At the 20-cm depth of erosion, KNO3 was more effective than urea. The trend in fertilizer-use efficiency increased with depth of erosion at Site 1 but decreased at Site 2. Key words: Artificial erosion, barley, fertilizer-use efficiency, potassium nitrate, urea

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

Concept and principles of building an integrated system of management of activities of regional gas supply system entities Kaliningrad region

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
G.G. Arunyants
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Basic Solutions ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Supply

The results of analysis of problems of regulation of gas supply complex of Kaliningrad region and main ways to increase its efficiency, as well as basic solutions for creation of a software complex Т-GAZ-2 automated calculation of natural gas tariffs for ACS of gas supply system subjects, geographically distributed and information connected to the regional automated information and control system (RAIS).

scholarly journals Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gomaa ◽  
Essam E. Kandil ◽  
Atef A. M. Zen El-Dein ◽  
Mamdouh E. M. Abou-Donia ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractIn Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document