Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Experience of Chinese Migrants to Australia

This article reports on findings from interviews with a small group of Chinese female immigrants to Australia who have started up their own business since their arrival. Unlike most publications concerning immigration that focus upon financial factors, we have instead concentrated on their personal journeys, why they started their businesses and the benefits they sought. We interviewed thirteen participants in Adelaide who had recently arrived from China with the aim of immigrating permanently to Australia. Immigration records indicate that by 2020 this figure had risen to over 160,000 per annum. However, it dropped again quickly in 2020 following the beginning of COVID-19. Nonetheless, according to recent Australian government records, over 866,200 current Australian residents have Chinese ancestry and 74% are first-generation migrants. The primary motivators for respondents were independence and control as well as income and skill development. Respondents were also satisfied by the personal development they gained.

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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Chinese First-Generation Migrants and Italians in Prato, Italy: The CHIP Study

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2017/6402085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pietro A. Modesti ◽

Maria Calabrese ◽

Ilaria Marzotti ◽

Hushao Bing ◽

Danilo Malandrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

First Generation ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental History ◽

Chinese Migrants ◽

First Generation Migrants

Data on health needs of Chinese living in the South of Europe are lacking. To compare prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors for hypertension between Chinese migrants and Italian adults, a sample of 1200 first-generation Chinese migrants and 291 native Italians aged 35–59 years living in Prato (Italy) was recruited in a community-based participatory cross-sectional survey. Primary outcome measure was hypertension, diagnosed for blood pressure values ≥ 140/90 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive medications. Associations with exposures (including age, gender, body mass index, waist, education level, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) were examined using logistic regression. When compared with Italians, Chinese had higher hypertension prevalence (27.2% versus 21.3%,p<0.01), with comparable levels of awareness (57.4% and 48.4%) but lower treatment rates (70.6% and 90.0%, resp.). In both ethnic groups age and parental history of hypertension were predictors of awareness and treatment, body mass index being predictor of hypertension diagnosis. In Chinese participants, where the optimum cut-off point for body mass index was ≥23.9 kg/m2, the sensibility and specificity prediction for hypertension were 61.7% and 59.8%, respectively (area under the ROC curve = 0.629). Implementation of specific, culturally adapted health programs for the Chinese community is now needed.

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Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

REMITTANCES REVIEW ◽

10.33182/rr.v1i1.445 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Anita Pugliese ◽

Julie Ray ◽

Neli Esipova

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Large Sample ◽

Migration Pathway ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

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Inbreeding effects among inbred and outbred laboratory colonies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z92-116 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 820-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

David O. Ribble ◽

John S. Millar

Keyword(s):

Performance Measures ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

First Generation ◽

Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Outbreeding Depression ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

Laboratory Colonies ◽

And Control

We examined the effects of sibling matings upon reproductive performance among inbred and outbred laboratory colonies of Peromyscus maniculatus. The inbred colony was founded by 12 females collected from one locality in Alberta and bred for 20 generations, with 35–45 pairs each generation. The outbred colony consisted of first-generation mice born of wild-caught females from diverse areas in Alberta. Consistent with theoretical expectations, there were no differences in reproductive performance between sibling and control (outbred) pairs within the inbred colony of mice. In contrast, sibling pairs had significantly fewer young per litter than control pairs within the outbred colony. Reproductive performance measures (proportion breeding, days from pairing to first litter, number of litters, and total number of offspring produced) were also significantly lower among sibling pairs from the outbred colony than among sibling pairs from the inbred colony. Lastly, we predicted that reproductive performance of the control pairs from the outbred colony would be less than that of control pairs from the inbred colony, due to outbreeding depression. Contrary to our predictions, average litter survival rates were greatest among the outbred colony control pairs. We suggest that the benefits of inbreeding or outbreeding extend broadly across the inbreeding–outbreeding continuum in natural populations of northern Peromyscus.

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Daily urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Chinese first-generation migrants in Italy

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 286 ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pietro Amedeo Modesti ◽

Ilaria Marzotti ◽

Stefano Rapi ◽

Angela Rogolino ◽

Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Urinary Sodium ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Sodium And Potassium

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Sex ratios at birth among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective population-based cohort study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2018-210622 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

pp. 1044-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Susitha Wanigaratne ◽

Pamela Uppal ◽

Manvir Bhangoo ◽

Alia Januwalla ◽

Deepa Singal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Sex Ratios ◽

Population Based ◽

Son Preference ◽

Asian Ethnicity ◽

South Asian Ethnicity ◽

First Generation Migrants

BackgroundSon-biased sex ratios at birth (M:F), an extreme manifestation of son preference, are predominately found in East and South Asia. Studies have examined sex ratios among first-generation migrants from these regions, but few have examined second-generation descendants. Our objective was to determine whether son-biased sex ratios persist among second-generation mothers with South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada.MethodologyA surname algorithm identified a population-based cohort of mothers with South Asian ethnicity who gave birth in Ontario between 1993 and 2014 (n=59 659). Linking to official immigration data identified births to first-generation mothers (ie, immigrants). Births not to immigrants were designated as being to second-generation mothers (ie, born in Canada) (n=10 273). Sex ratios and 95% CI were stratified by the sex of previous live births and by whether it was preceded by ≥1 abortion for both first-generation and second-generation mothers.ResultsAmong mothers with two previous daughters and at least one prior abortion since the second birth, both second-generation mothers and first-generation mothers had elevated sex ratios at the third birth (2.80 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.76) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.12), respectively). However, among mothers with no prior abortion, second-generation mothers had a normal sex ratio, while first-generation mothers gave birth to 142 boys for every 100 girls (95% CI 125 to 162 boys for every 100 girls).ConclusionSon preference persists among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity. Culturally sensitive and community-driven gender equity interventions are needed.

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