scholarly journals Tuning of NASA Standard Breakup Model for Fragmentation Events Modelling

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Nicola Cimmino ◽  
Giorgio Isoletta ◽  
Roberto Opromolla ◽  
Giancarmine Fasano ◽  
Aniello Basile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Orbital Debris ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Collision Event ◽  
Line Elements ◽  
Breakup Model ◽  
Orbital Data

The continuous growth of space debris motivates the development and the improvement of tools that support the monitoring of a more and more congested space environment. Satellite breakup models play a key role to predict and analyze orbital debris evolution, and the NASA Standard Breakup Model represents a widely used reference, with current activities relevant to its evolution and improvements especially towards fragmentation of small mass spacecraft. From an operational perspective, an important point for fragmentation modelling concerns the tuning of the breakup model to achieve consistency with orbital data of observed fragments. In this framework, this paper proposes an iterative approach to estimate the model inputs, and in particular, the parents’ masses involved in a collision event. The iterative logic exploits the knowledge of Two Line Elements (TLE) of the fragments at some time after the event to adjust the input parameters of the breakup model with the objective of obtaining the same number of real fragments within a certain tolerance. Atmospheric re-entry is accounted for. As a result, the breakup model outputs a set of fragments whose statistical distribution, in terms of number and size, is consistent with the catalogued ones. The iterative approach is demonstrated for two different scenarios (i.e., catastrophic collision and non-catastrophic collision) using numerical simulations. Then, it is also applied to a real collision event.

Development of the Explosion Breakup Model for Space Debris

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (663) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Hidehiro HATA ◽  
Tetsuyuki HIROE ◽  
Kazuhito FUJIWARA
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Breakup Model

scholarly journals Self-healing materials for space applications: overview of present development and major limitations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pernigoni ◽  
Ugo Lafont ◽  
Antonio Mattia Grande
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Debris ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Human Exploration

AbstractIn the last decade, self-healing materials have become extremely appealing for the field of space applications, due to their technological evolution and the consequent possibility of designing space systems and structures able to repair autonomously after damage arising from impacts with micrometeoroids and orbital debris, from accidental contact with sharp objects, from structural fatigue or simply due to material aging. The integration of these novel materials in the design of spacecraft structures would result in increased reliability and safety leading to longer operational life and missions. Such concepts will bring a decisive boost enabling new mission scenario for the establishment of new orbital stations, settlement on the Moon and human exploration of Mars.The proposed review aims at presenting the newest and most promising self-healing materials and associated technologies for space application, along with the issues related to their current technological limitations in combination with the effect of the space environment. An introductory part about the outlooks and challenges of space exploration and the self-healing concept is followed by a brief description of the space environment and its possible effects on the performance of materials. Self-healing materials are then analysed in detail, moving from the general intrinsic and extrinsic categories down to the specific mechanisms.

Debris/Micrometeoroid Impacts and Synergistic Effects on Spacecraft Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grossman ◽  
I. Gouzman ◽  
R. Verker
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Space Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Debris Impact

AbstractIn the last 40 years, the increased space activity created a new form of space environment of hypervelocity objects—space debris—that have no functional use. The space debris, together with naturally occurring ultrahigh velocity meteoroids, presents a significant hazard to spacecraft. Collision with space debris or meteoroids might result in disfunction of external units such as solar cells, affecting materials properties, contaminating optical devices, or destroying satellites. The collision normally results in the formation of additional debris, increasing the hazard for future missions. The hypervelocity debris effect is studied by retrieving materials from space or by using ground simulation facilities. Simulation facilities, which include the light gas gun and Laser Driven Flyer methods, are used for studying the materials degradation due to debris impact. The impact effect could be accelerated when occurring simultaneously with other space environment components, such as atomic oxygen, ultraviolet, or x-ray radiation. Understanding the degradation mechanism might help in developing materials that will withstand the increasing hazard from the space debris, allowing for longer space missions. The large increase in space debris population and the associated risk to space activity requires significant measures to mitigate this hazard. Most current efforts are being devoted to prevention of collisions by keeping track of the larger debris and avoiding formation of new debris.

scholarly journals Estimation of Newly Established Iterative Scheme for Generalized Nonexpansive Mappings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aftab Hussain ◽  
Nawab Hussain ◽  
Danish Ali
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Iterative Scheme ◽  
Nonexpansive Mappings ◽  
Convex Banach Space ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Uniformly Convex ◽  
Prior Art ◽  
Nonexpansive Maps ◽  
New Iterative Method

We introduce a new iterative method in this article, called the D iterative approach for fixed point approximation. Analytically, and also numerically, we demonstrate that our established D I.P is faster than the well-known I.P of the prior art. Finally, in a uniformly convex Banach space environment, we present weak as well as strong convergence theorems for Suzuki’s generalized nonexpansive maps. Our findings are an extension, refinement, and induction of several existing iterative literatures.

scholarly journals The Space Debris Environment - Past and Present

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
W. Flury
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Environment Problem ◽  
Global Space ◽  
And Control ◽  
Debris Mitigation

The mass and number of Earth-orbiting human-generated space debris have increased steadily since the beginning of space flight. Recent voluntary measures for debris mitigation applied by space operators have not stemmed the increase. The debris hazard for manned and unmanned missions is still low, but rising. More effective but also more costly measures, such as selective deorbiting of used stages, will be necessary to avoid a run-away situation. Internationally agreed codes for debris management and control are needed to solve this global space environment problem.

scholarly journals Resonant Orbital Dynamics in LEO Region: Space Debris in Focus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Sampaio ◽  
E. Wnuk ◽  
R. Vilhena de Moraes ◽  
S. S. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Orbital Dynamics ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Low Earth Orbits ◽  
Line Elements ◽  
Earth Orbits

The increasing number of objects orbiting the earth justifies the great attention and interest in the observation, spacecraft protection, and collision avoidance. These studies involve different disturbances and resonances in the orbital motions of these objects distributed by the distinct altitudes. In this work, objects in resonant orbital motions are studied in low earth orbits. Using the two-line elements (TLE) of the NORAD, resonant angles and resonant periods associated with real motions are described, providing more accurate information to develop an analytical model that describes a certain resonance. The time behaviors of the semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination of some space debris are studied. Possible irregular motions are observed by the frequency analysis and by the presence of different resonant angles describing the orbital dynamics of these objects.

scholarly journals Aerogels Materials as Space Debris Collectors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Woignier ◽  
Laurent Duffours ◽  
Pascale Colombel ◽  
Christian Durin
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Silica Aerogels ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
First Results ◽  
Key Parameter

Material degradation due to the specific space environment becomes a key parameter for space missions. The use of large surface of brittle materials on satellites can produce, if impacted by hypervelocity particles, ejected volumes of mater 100 times higher than the impacting one. The presented work is devoted to the use of silica aerogels as passive detectors. Aerogels have been exposed to the low earth orbit of the ISS for 18 months. The study describes the aerogels process and the choice of synthesis parameters in such a way to get expected features in terms of porosity, mechanical properties, internal stresses, and transparency. Low-density aerogels (0.09 g·cm−3) have been prepared. The control of transparency necessary to see and identify particles and fragments collected is obtained using a base catalysis during gel synthesis. After return to earth, the aerogels samples have been observed using optical microscopy to detect and quantify craters on the exposed surface. First results obtained on a small part of the aerogels indicate a large number of debris collected in the materials.

scholarly journals Space Debris Removal under Spatial Grasp Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Peter Simon Sapaty
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Satellite Constellations ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Minimum Interaction ◽  
High Level

The threats of space debris are enormously high, which are increasing due to launch of multi-satellite constellations, especially in low-Earth orbit, with millions of pieces of junk there. Different passive and active debris removal methods are being developed like self-deorbiting of used satellites, drag sails, mechanical grasps, tethers and nets, also directed energy, lasers including. Space junk is the responsibility of the whole mankind, and the problem of managing space debris is both the international challenge and the opportunity to preserve the space environment for future space exploration missions. The paper shows how self-organized constellation networks of deorbiting satellites can organize multiple cleaning operations autonomously under the developed Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT), with cooperative involvement of the whole network and minimum interaction with costly ground antennas and stations. It also offers a unique solution where most dangerous junk items can themselves be treated as active virtual-physical items freely moving through terrestrial and celestial environments and ultimately finding, by their own initiative, the proper cleaning satellites. This can effectively organize the global junk management and removal problem, where the active junk items can keep initiative of self-removal for any time needed and using any distributed resources. A combined solution is also offered with initial global search for approximate satellite-debris matching, after which the junk is delegated its own initiative to find the absolute match by traveling around the globe as far and as long as required. The paper shows and explains different practical cleaning scenarios in the high-level Spatial Grasp Language (as key element of SGT) and possibilities of quick implementation of the approach.

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