scholarly journals Soil Quality Characteristics as Affected by Continuous Rice Cultivation and Changes in Cropping Systems in South China

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Xiangning Ren ◽  
Feixiang Chen ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Yueming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
South China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
C And N

This study was conducted to elucidate how changes in critical soil quality characteristics relate to continuous rice cultivation and changes in cropping systems and fertilization in South China over the time span 1980 to 2017. Soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) were determined for the samples taken in 2017 and compared to results from the paired samples collected in 1980 by grouping all samples into four cropping systems: continuous paddy fields, new paddy fields developed from uplands, continuous uplands, and new uplands developed from paddy soils. The results show a significant increase in soil pH, AP and AK in all cropping systems, which was, however, coupled with low fertilizer use efficiency. Additionally, a significant increase in SOM came with new paddy soils, whereas a little SOM accumulation and a significantly weakened correlation of TN to SOM occurred in continuous paddy soils. Both low fertilizer use efficiency and deteriorated soil C sequestration function imply a sub-health status of continuous paddy soils. The changes in cropping systems and fertilization, which essentially resulted from expeditious economic growth, should be responsible for the dynamics of C and N and the consequences to soil quality. More experimental studies on balanced fertilization vs. local commonly used fertilization are suggested to probe the mechanisms underlying the C and N dynamics in paddy soils.

scholarly journals The pH-based ecological coherence of active canonical methanotrophs in paddy soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yuanfeng Cai ◽  
Zhongjun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Rice Paddy Soils

Abstract. Soil pH is considered one of the main determinants of the assembly of globally distributed microorganisms that catalyze the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, direct evidence for niche specialization of microorganisms in association with soil pH is still lacking. Using methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) as a model system of C cycling, we show that pH is potentially the key driving force selecting for canonical γ (type I) and α (type II) methanotrophs in rice paddy soils. DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was combined with high-throughput sequencing to reveal the taxonomic identities of active methanotrophs in physiochemically contrasting soils from six different paddy fields across China. Following microcosm incubation amended with 13CH4, methane was primarily consumed by Methylocystis-affiliated type II methanotrophs in soils with a relatively low pH (5.44–6.10), whereas Methylobacter- or Methylosarcina-affiliated type I methanotrophs dominated methane consumption in soils with a high pH (7.02–8.02). Consumption of 13CH4 contributed 0.203 % to 1.25 % of soil organic C, but no significant difference was observed between high-pH and low-pH soils. The fertilization of ammonium nitrate resulted in no significant changes in the compositions of 13C-labeled methanotrophs in the soils, although significant inhibition of methane oxidation activity was consistently observed in low-pH soils. Mantel analysis further validated that soil pH, rather than other parameters tested, had significant correlation to the variation in active methanotrophic compositions across different rice paddy soils. These results suggest that soil pH might have played a pivotal role in mediating the niche differentiation of ecologically important aerobic methanotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems and imply the importance of such niche specialization in regulating methane emissions in paddy fields following increasingly intensified input of anthropogenic N fertilizers.

Soil quality indicators as influenced by 5-year diversified and monoculture cropping systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
H. Feng ◽  
G. O. Abagandura ◽  
S. Senturklu ◽  
D. G. Landblom ◽  
L. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Extractable

Abstract Increasing crop diversity has been highly recommended because of its environmental and economic benefits. However, the impacts of crop diversity on soil properties are not well documented. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the impacts of crop diversity on selected soil quality indicators. The cropping systems investigated here included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown continuously for 5 years as mono-cropping (MC), and a 5-year cropping sequence [(wheat–cover crop (CC)–corn (Zea mays L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Each crop was present every year. This study was conducted in the northern Great Plains of North America, and soil quality data were collected for 2016 and 2017. Selected soil quality indicators that include: soil pH, organic carbon (SOC), cold water-extractable C (CWC) and N (CWN), hot water-extractable C (HWC) and N (HWN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), bulk density (BD), water retention (SWR), wet soil aggregate stability (WAS), and urease and β-glucoside enzyme activity were measured after the completion of 5-year rotation cycle and the following year. Crop diversity did not affect soil pH, CWC, CWN, HWC, HWN and SWR. Cropping systems that contained CC increased SOC at shallow depths compared to the systems that did not have CC. Crop diversity increased WAS, MBC, and urease and β-glucoside enzyme activity compared with the MC. Comparison of electrical conductivity (EC) measured in this study to the baseline values at the research site prior to the establishment of treatments revealed that crop rotation decreased EC over time. Results indicate that crop diversity can improve soil quality, thus promoting sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Long-term straw incorporation benefits the elevation of soil phosphorus availability and use efficiency in the agroecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Guo ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Keke Hua ◽  
Daozhong Wang ◽  
Chuanlong He
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Soil pH and organic matter are important factors influencing phosphorus (P) fertilizer use efficiency. Long-term crop straw incorporation alters soil pH and soil organic matter. To explore the influence of crop straw incorporation on P fertilizer use efficiency, this research was conducted in a long-term field experiment (30 years) with a wheat-soybean cropping system and selected four treatments: no fertilization, mineral fertilization (NPK), mineral fertilization + 3750 kg/ha wheat straw (WS/2-NPK) and mineral fertilization + 7500 kg/ha wheat straw (WS-NPK). Results show that long-term straw incorporation not only accentuates soil acidification, but also elevates crop yields and soil P availability. Consequently, compared with the NPK treatment, straw incorporation contributed to higher P fertilizer use efficiency, which increased from 43% in 1983 to 72% in 2012 for WS/2-NPK, from 46% to 69% for WS-NPK, and from 34% to 60% for NPK treatments, respectively. Moreover, the P fertilizer use efficiency in all fertilization treatments could be categorized as follows: slowly increasing stage in 1982-2002, stable stage in 2003-2006, and rapidly increasing stage in 2007-2012. Correspondingly, the annual P balances of the WS/2-NPK and WS-NPK treatments ranged from positive to negative in the 1982-2003 and 2004-2012. Therefore, compared with mineral fertilization alone, long-term wheat straw incorporation has the associated benefit of elevating the P fertilizer use efficiency. However, to maintain sustainable high crop productivity, it is necessary to elevate the dose of P fertilizer input and reduce the soil acidification under wheat straw incorporation.

scholarly journals Impact of Anthropic Activities on Soil Quality under Different Land Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8423
Author(s):  
Lucia Santorufo ◽  
Valeria Memoli ◽  
Speranza Claudia Panico ◽  
Francesco Esposito ◽  
Luca Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Land Use Transformation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Sites

Anthropization often leads to land use transformation, causing deep changes to soil properties and its quality. Land use change could be an environmental and socioeconomic problem, as it impacts soil quality and ecosystem services. There is an urgent need to understand the pressures affecting soil quality. The aim of the work is to quantify the impact of different land uses on soil abiotic and biotic properties and on its quality. To achieve the aims, soils from different land uses (forest, urban and agricultural) were collected in the surroundings of Naples and analyzed for pH, water content, contents of C and N, C/N ratio and total and available concentrations of Cu, Ni and Pb, microbial and fungal biomasses, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. Then, a soil quality index (SQI) was calculated for each land use. The results showed that soil abiotic and biotic properties of the agricultural sites differed from those of forest and urban sites. At agricultural sites, microbial abundances decreased due to low amount of C and N and to high amount of Cu and Pb. This caused low use efficiency of energetic substrates and a reduced soil quality of agricultural sites as compared to forest and urban sites.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorous Application on Uptake, Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency under Rice-Rice and Rice-Sunflower Systems in High P Soils

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Srinivas ◽  
◽  
P. Surendra Babu ◽  
A. Madhavi ◽  
G.E.C.H. Vidyasagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Removal

Field experiments on P accumulated soils were conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 to assess (i) P fertilizer requirement and (ii) P fertilizer use efficiency using 32P isotope in rice–rice and rice–sunflower (rabi) systems. Four treatments in kharif (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% and T4: 25%) recommended dose of phosphorus (RDP) and three treatments in rabi (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% RDP) were tested. A uniform dose of 100% recommended 48 kg ha-1 of N and 24 kg ha-1 of K were applied along with P treatments. The P removal by both grain and straw by both crops under rice-rice system was at par with 100 and 75% RDP. The percent P utilization in entire system revealed that 75% RDP gave better utilization of applied P to a tune of 26% compared to 22% realized by 100% RDP in each crop. Similar trend of P removal by rice and sunflower seeds in rice-sunflower system was observed. Percent P utilization in both crops was 24.5% under 100% RDP and 27.2% under 75% RDP. The study clearly indicated 25% reduction in P fertilization for both cropping systems in high P soils.

scholarly journals Factors affecting fertilizer use efficiency in dry season paddy production in Makawanpur district, mid hill, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
M Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Actual Yield

On-farm assessment of factors defining fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) for dry season paddy production was carried out through field survey and applying a two-step approach. The research was carried out in Makawanpur district, central mid hill, Nepal for the early rice (Chaite season) cropping season 2000. Data on land and land use aspects and yield record were collected through interview and field observation. Data entry, coding and normalization procedure were followed by stepwise regression analysis. In step one, the general regression model for causes of actual yield variations was derived; it included some land and management parameters that satisfactorily explained the variability of actual yields (adjusted R2 of 65 %). This model was used to calculate the adjusted yields by removing the impacts of non-fertilizer related variables from the actual yield data. In order to evaluate aspects of fertilizer use efficiency (step two), a stepwise regression produced a highly significant (adjusted R2 of 45%) result. The important factors defining FUE were the relationship between many parameters such as quantity of 1st N topdressing x soil pH, basal N x FYM, 1st N top dressing x good drainage condition, 2nd N top dressing x insect attack during tillering-flowering stage, 2nd N topdressing x soil pH, basal N x soil pH, FYM x soil pH, 1st N topdressing x FYM and 2nd N topdressing x zinc deficiency. Thus the study concluded that FUE is one of the critical issues that hindered sustainable paddy production. The timing and quantity of fertilizer especially N application, source of fertilizer, nutrient content combination, and their interactions with land and land use aspects were crucial elements for getting optimum response to fertilizer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7552 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.123-133

Comparison of Yield and Light-temperature Resource Use Efficiency between Wheat-Maize and Maize-Maize Cropping Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Yuan ZHOU ◽  
Zhi-Min WANG ◽  
Yang YUE ◽  
Wei MA ◽  
Ming ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency
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