scholarly journals Phenology and Dwarfing Gene Interaction Effects on the Adaptation of Selected Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Advanced Lines across Diverse Water-Limited Environments of Western Australia

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Mirza A.N.N.U. Dowla ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Katia Stefanova ◽  
Graham O’ Hara ◽  
Wujun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

Photoperiod, vernalization, and plant height controlling genes are major developmental genes in wheat that govern environmental adaptation and hence, knowledge on the interaction effects among different alleles of these genes is crucial in breeding cultivars for target environments. The interaction effects among these genes were studied in nineteen Australian advanced lines from diverse germplasm pools and four commercial checks. Diagnostic markers for the Vrn-A1 locus revealed the presence of the spring allele Vrn-A1a in 10 lines and Vrn-A1c in one line. The dominant alleles of Vrn-B1a and Vrn-D1a were identified in 19 and 8 lines, respectively. The most common photoperiod-insensitive allele of Ppd-D1a was identified in 19 lines and three and four copy photoperiod-insensitive alleles (Ppd-B1a and Ppd-B1c) were present in five and one lines, respectively. All the lines were photoperiod-sensitive for the Ppd-A1 locus. All lines were semi-dwarf, having either of the two dwarfing alleles; 14 lines had the Rht-B1b (Rht-1) and the remaining had the Rht-D1b (Rht-2) dwarfing allele. The presence of the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a along with one or two spring alleles at the Vrn1 loci resulted in an earlier heading and better yield. Dwarfing genes were found to modify the heading time—the Rht-D1b allele advanced heading by three days and also showed superior effects on yield-contributing traits, indicating its beneficial role in yield under rain-fed conditions along with an appropriate combination of photoperiod and vernalization alleles. This study also identified the adaptability value of these allelic combinations for higher grain yield and protein content across the different the water-limited environments.

scholarly journals Comparative Genetic Effect of Dwarfing Genes on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
MA Jahan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Khalekuzzaman ◽  
MM Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dwarfing Genes

Norin 10 based dwarfing genes (Rht1 and Rht2) have been widely exploited for increasing the grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by improving partitioning of assimilates to grain. Eight semi-dwarf wheat genotypes having either Rht1 or Rht2 dwarfing genes were compared with a tall control named, Kheri (rht) having no dwarfing genes were evaluated at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh for yield and yield contributing traits. Significant differences in grain yield and yield components were observed in genotypes under study showing the effects of dwarfing genes. Genotype Seri 82 (Rht1) and Kanchan (Rht2) had medium plant height of 75.73 and 72.22 cm respectively, highest number of tillers/plant (7.33 and 7.67), highest number of spikes/plant (6.33 and 6.67) resulted the highest grain yield per plant. Because the dwarfing genes not only provide lodging tolerance but also perhaps pleiotropically affected high yield by allowing more tillers to survive. Number of tillers/plant and number of spikes/plant showed very strong positive correlation with grain yield per plant in all the genotypes. Kheri (rht) with highest plant height (95.17cm) reduced number of tillers/plant (4.00) and spikes/plant (3.67) had the lowest grain yield per plant (3.85g). Aghrani possessed significantly the highest number of grains/spike with medium grain yield/plant (5.94g). The degree of relationship varied from genotype to genotype.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18075 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 49 - 55, 2007

scholarly journals Performance of Wheat Varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) under Conservation Tillage Practices in Organic Agriculture

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
Anestis KARKANIS ◽  
Sotiria PATSIALI ◽  
Maria AGRIOGIANNI ◽  
Aristeidis KONSTANTAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Hagberg Falling Number

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage systems and varieties on growth, yield and quality of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiments conducted at two sites were laid out in a split-plot design with four replicates, three main plots [conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT)] and four sub-plots (‘Siette’, ‘Panifor’, ‘Myrto’, ‘Estero’). The soil porosity and total nitrogen were higher in soils subjected to conservation tillage systems (NT and MT) than under conventional tillage. There were no differences in root growth neither between the tillage systems nor among the varieties. Yield was influenced by the tillage system and variety. The highest grain yield (421-459 kg ha-1) was found under the CT system with ‘Siette’, ‘Myrto’ and ‘Estero’ varieties. In contrast, the highest grain yield was observed under conservation tillage (NT and MT) with ‘Panifor’ variety. There were no significant differences between the tillage systems concerning the protein content and Zeleny value. In contrast, the highest Hagberg falling number was found with MT. Zeleny value was positively and significantly correlated with protein content. High flour quality, as demonstrated by high protein content and Zeleny value, and low Hagberg falling number, was produced in the ‘Estero’ variety.

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Dates and Varieties on Yield and Quality Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
A K Dhaka ◽  
Bhagat Singh ◽  
Axay Bhuker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at wheat research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to study the effect of sowing dates and varieties on yield and quality performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications containing four sowing dates viz. 5th November, 25th November, 15th December and 5th January as main plot treatments and seven wheat varieties i.e. HS 562, HD 2967, HD 3086, HI 1544, MACS 6222, WR 544 and WH 1105 as sub plot treatments. On the basis of one year study it was concluded that among sowing dates, 5th November sowing is the most economical and suitable than rest of the sowing dates. 5th November sown crop recorded significantly longer spike (11.7 cm), higher number of effective tillers (98.3 per mrl), grains per spike (48.6), test weight (39.9 g), grain appearance score (8.3), hectoliter weight (82.9 kg/hl), grain yield (5432 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39.0%) compared to rest of the sowing dates, while highest protein content (12.9 %) was observed with 5th January sown crop. Maximum net return (Rs.54, 262 ha-1) and B: C (1.73) were recorded with 5th November sowing. Among the varieties, HI 1544 recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers (94.6 per mrl), grains per spike (48.4), test weight (38.6 g), grain yield (4920 kg ha-1) harvest index (39.2), grain appearance score (8.1) and hectoliter weight (82.0 kg/hl), while variety WH 1105 resulted in longer spike (11.5 cm) and WR 544 in higher protein content (12.6 %) as compared to rest of the varieties. While comparing the interaction of varieties with date of sowing, HI 1544 produced significantly higher grain higher yield (6007 kg ha-1) of wheat sown at 5th November which was statistically at par with WH 1105 (5833 kg ha-1) and HD 3086 (5616 kg ha-1) at same date of sowing. Delayed sowing of HI 1544 from 5th November to 25th November reduced the grain yield by 9.1 per cent; to 15th of December by 21.0 per cent and to 5th January by 42.3 per cent.

scholarly journals Breeding for quantitative and qualitative indicators of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Expanding genetic diversity of cultivated wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kirilchuk ◽  
S. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Addition Line

The results of research at the department of grain breeding and seed production in 2015–2017 on the territory of the grain-ploughed crop rotation of the State Enterprise of the experimental farm «Chabany» of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAN» located in the Fastiv district of Kyiv region are presented. We studied 850 lines of introgression obtained as a result of remote hybridization in previous studies. 10 lines with a grain yield from 788.2 to 949.4 g per square meter were identified, a high grain yield was found in lines 2555 and 2555/2 (949.4 and 912.1 g, respectively). The 12,2/1 line with a 1000-grain weight of 53.6 g and an index of grain weight from an ear of 2.0 g significantly exceeded the standard variety by 8.6 g and 0.56 g, respectively. In terms of quality indicators, the protein content in the grain of the selected lines was at the level of 16.8–17.9%, gluten 29.7–32.12%, Green indicator 65.7–74.7% and significantly exceeded the Standard Polesskaya 90 variety by 2.7–3.8%, 5.1–7.5% and 20.6–29.6%, respectively. Lines that are advisable to use to obtain the best combination of economically valuable traits and biological properties for a complex of traits are identified. Lines 2557, 2555, 2559, 11,2, — yield per m2, ear length, protein content in grain, gluten, Green indicator, disease resistance and winter hardiness; in addition, line 2557 — the number of spikelets in an ear; lines 2555 and 2559 — the number of spikelets, the number of grains in an ear; line 2555 — mass of grains per ear. Lines 2/1 and 12,2/1 — yield per 1 m2, number of spikelet’s, number of grains in an ear, weight of grains per ear, protein and gluten content in a grain, Zeleny indicator, disease resistance and winter hardiness; in addition, line 12,2/1 is the mass of 1000 grains and the length of the ear, lines 2533/2, 2555/2, 2558/1 and 2561/1 — the content of protein, gluten in the grain, Green indicator, disease resistance and winter hardiness; in addition, line 2555/2 for the yield from 1 m2. The use of remote crosses of Triticum aestivum L. with Aegilops species made it possible to create a wide source material that is of interest for obtaining highyielding, winter-hardy and disease-resistant winter wheat varieties with high grain quality in the foreststeppe of Ukraine and will be used in the following breeding programs.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

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