scholarly journals Glyphosate Bioremediation through the Sarcosine Oxidase Pathway Mediated by Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Soils Cultivated with Potatoes

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pérez Rodríguez ◽  
Carol Melo ◽  
Elizabeth Jiménez ◽  
Jenny Dussán
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Lysinibacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Sarcosine Oxidase ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) use has increased drastically over the last decade. This is true especially for potato crops due to their fast harvest cycle and high market demand. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified glyphosate and its breakdown product amidomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) as probably carcinogenic to humans, and it has been reported that these compounds disrupt the ecological and nutritional equilibrium of soils. However, microorganisms with the sarcosine oxidase gene, such as Lysinibacillus sphaericus, can degrade glyphosate through the Carbon-Phosphorus (C-P) pathway without leading to AMPA production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) L. sphaericus as a bioremediation agent in a potato crop sprayed with a GBH, in conjunction with the nitrogen fixation activity mediated by the bacteria. To that end, a GBH solution was used to treat a potato field, and different treatments (glyphosate (G), bacteria (B), bacteria+glyphosate (BG), and negative control (C)) were evaluated by measuring the glyphosate, AMPA, nitrates, and ammonium concentrations. BG treatment showed a 79% reduction of glyphosate concentration in soil, leading to minimal AMPA production, compared to the 23% reduction observed after G treatment. Furthermore, the ammonium concentrations were significantly higher in samples treated with BG and in C samples (p < 0.005). Therefore, we propose the addition of L. sphaericus as a good bioremediation strategy for soils sprayed with GBH.

Cloning and expression of the sarcosine oxidase gene from Bacillus sp. NS-129 in Escherichia coli.

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuji KOYAMA ◽  
Hideko YAMAMOTO-OTAKE ◽  
Masaru SUZUKI ◽  
Eiichi NAKANO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Sarcosine Oxidase

scholarly journals Nephroprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected Balb/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafarinah Nur Hidayah Akil ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Puspa Wardhani ◽  
Priangga Adi Wiratama
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

AbstractMalaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Plasmodium, which remains a world health problem with an estimated 219 million cases worldwide. In severe malaria infection, several organs of the body can be affected, including the kidneys. One of the pathophysiology associated with the worsening of this disease is oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants is expected to prevent this, and one product that has a high antioxidant content is virgin coconut oil (VCO). This study aimed to analyze the effect of VCO on the kidney in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. This study was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design using 35 BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei ANKA, weighing 20-30 grams. VCO with the Javara® brand is used with doses of 1, 5, and 10 ml/kg body weight (kgBW)/ day. The parameter assessed were levels of BUN, creatinine, and renal histopathological changes. The administration of VCO on the treated group shows minimal tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis compared to the negative control group. The BUN and creatinine levels in the treated group were also lower than the negative control group. The results showed that VCO has a nephroprotective effect against P. berghei ANKA infection in mice.Keywords: malaria, kidney, virgin coconut oil

Cloning and Expression of the Sarcosine Oxidase Gene fromBacillussp. NS-129 inEscherichia coli

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263
Author(s):  
Yasuji Koyama ◽  
Hideko Yamamoto-Otake ◽  
Masaru Suzuki ◽  
Eiichi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Inescherichia Coli ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Sarcosine Oxidase

Adenosine Down-Regulates Giant Depolarizing Potentials in the Developing Rat Hippocampus by Exerting a Negative Control on Glutamatergic Inputs

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2797-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria F. Safiulina ◽  
Alexander M. Kasyanov ◽  
Rashid Giniatullin ◽  
Enrico Cherubini
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp

Adenosine is a widespread neuromodulator that can be directly released in the extracellular space during sustained network activity or can be generated as the breakdown product of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed from CA3 principal cells and interneurons in hippocampal slices obtained from P2–P7 neonatal rats to study the modulatory effects of adenosine on giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) that constitute the hallmark of developmental networks. We found that GDPs were extremely sensitive to the inhibitory action of adenosine (IC50 = 0.52 μM). Adenosine also contributed to the depressant effect of ATP as indicated by DPCPX-sensitive changes of ATP-induced reduction of GDP frequency. Similarly, adenosine exerted a strong inhibitory action on spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic events recorded from GABAergic interneurons and on interictal bursts that developed in CA3 principal cells after blockade of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors with bicuculline. All these effects were prevented by DPCPX, indicating the involvement of inhibitory A1 receptors. In contrast, GABAergic synaptic events were not changed by adenosine. Consistent with the endogenous role of adenosine on network activity, DPCPX per se increased the frequency of GDPs, interictal bursts, and spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic events recorded from GABAergic interneurons. Moreover, the adenosine transport inhibitor NBTI and the adenosine deaminase blocker EHNA decreased the frequency of GDPs, thus providing further evidence that endogenous adenosine exerts a powerful control on GDP generation. We conclude that, in the neonatal rat hippocampus, the inhibitory action of adenosine on GDPs arises from the negative control of glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, inputs.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Reduced-Sodium Salts as a Population-Level Intervention: A Qualitative Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3225
Author(s):  
Xuejun Yin ◽  
Maoyi Tian ◽  
Lingli Sun ◽  
Jacqui Webster ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Key Informants

Widespread use of reduced-sodium salts can potentially lower excessive population-level dietary sodium intake. This study aimed to identify key barriers and facilitators to implementing reduced-sodium salt as a population level intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants from academia, the salt manufacturing industry, and government. We used the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to inform our interview guides and data analysis. Eighteen key informants from nine countries across five World Health Organization regions participated in the study from January 2020 to July 2020. Participants were concerned about the lack of robust evidence on safety for specific populations such as those with renal impairment. Taste and price compared to regular salt and an understanding of the potential health benefits of reduced-sodium salt were identified as critical factors influencing the adoption of reduced-sodium salts. Higher production costs, low profit return, and reduced market demand for reduced-sodium salts were key barriers for industry in implementation. Participants provided recommendations as potential strategies to enhance the uptake. There are presently substantial barriers to the widespread use of reduced-sodium salt but there are also clear opportunities to take actions that would increase uptake.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt of Dendrobium candidum in Zhejiang Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Xiao ◽  
J. Z. Zhang ◽  
Y. L. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Dendrobium Candidum

White Dendrobium (Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is used raw or processed for health care products in China (4). It is propagated by tissue-cultured seedlings largely because of its dramatic decrease in the wild from heavy market demand. In July 2011, a wilt disease was observed on 1-year-old seedlings in a cultivated field in Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province, China. Initial symptoms were one to several chlorotic leaves in a cluster of plants. As the disease progressed, leaves wilted before dropping. Vascular discoloration was not observed in infected stems. Individual plants wilted, bent, and rotted starting from the base and eventually all plants in a cluster wilted. Three strains isolated from stem tissues collected at different sites were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) under a 12-h alternating cycle of light and dark at a temperature of 25°C. Macroconidia were sparse, three-septate, slightly curved, and ranged from (21.1) 23.9 to 32.7 (36.9) × (2.8) 3.3 to 4.2 (4.8) μm. Microconidia were abundant, unicellular, oval to reniform, and ranged from (5.3) 6.0 to 8.2 (9.4) × (2.2) 2.5 to 3.3 (3.6) μm on PDA. Abundant chlamydospores formed after 3 weeks on CLA. Chlamydospores were single and sometimes in pairs, terminal and intercalary, rough walled, and measured (6.7) 7.6 to 10.2 (11.9) × (5.9) 6.8 to 8.8 (10.4) μm. Strains were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of morphological features (2). PCR amplification of genomic DNA using the primers ITS6 and ITS4 as well as ef1 and ef2 (translation elongation factor 1-α gene) generated sequences of approximately 500 bp and 670 bp, respectively. ITS sequences were submitted to the NCBI database (Accession Nos. JQ809654, JQ809655, and JQ809656), and were identical to the sequence for F. oxysporum, Accession No. HQ379654 (3). Three sequences of a portion of TEF-1α (Accession Nos. JQ809657, JQ809658, and JQ809659) had 99% similarity with an isolate of F. oxysporum isolate from chickpea (Accession No. HQ731057) (1), thus confirming the identity of the pathogen. The roots of five to seven transplanted seedlings of a cluster grown for 2 months in pasteurized potting media (primarily chipped pine bark) were inoculated with 15 ml of a 107 conidia ml–1 suspension of each isolate. There were 10 replicates for each isolate treatment. Sterile water was used as a negative control. Plants were grown in the greenhouse at 28 ± 2°C. Lateral roots turned brown 15 days after inoculation. Leaves started to turn yellow 1 month after inoculation and the plants began to wilt 2 months after inoculation. Noninoculated controls did not develop disease symptoms. The pathogenic isolates were reisolated from all diseased plants. Isolates have been deposited at the Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University (F_01, F_02 and F_03). To the best of our knowledge, this is first record of Fusarium wilt of D. candidum in China. References: (1) D. Jiménez-Fernández et al. Plant Dis. 95:860, 2011. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (3) N. Rajmohan et al. Plant Pathol. 131:631, 2011. (4) J. Z. Zhang et al. Plant Pathol. 57:370, 2008.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of a Compound of Standardized Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Extract Fraction as a Complimentary Therapy to Prevent Malaria Complications

1970 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Wiwien Sugih Utami
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Zingiber Cassumunar

Malaria is still a major problem in the international and national scale. World Health Organization (WHO) states that based on World malaria report, world cases of malaria reached 216 million and an estimated of 655 thousand people died, in 2010. Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by phagocytic cells and activated endothelial cells occurs In the severe malaria. Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) has the potential to be developed as a new complementary therapy that is expected to prevent fatal malaria complications. The research objective is to test in vivo, the activity of a compound of standardized Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) fraction extract as a complementary therapy along with standard anti-malarial drug, artemisin. This is a true experimental study using twenty-five mice Balb / C male which are divided into five groups; the negative control group, positive control group treated KI, II, and III stimulation with each of the compounds of standardized fraction extract of bangle ( FEBT-h, FEBT-dcm, FEBT-m) for 14 days. Oneway ANOVA test showed the result of p = 0.01 (p <0.05). Continued with LSD test that showed the most significant in lowering the degree of parasitaemia is the group of methanol (FEBT-m).Keywords: Zingiber cassumunar Roxb, fractionated extracts, complementary therapies, malaria

Evaluation of long-term dermal exposure to soil contaminated with spent engine oil in male Wistar rats: An experimental approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 979-994
Author(s):  
Grace E Obiyo ◽  
Opeoluwa M Ogunsuyi ◽  
Adeyi Akindele O
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Continuous occupational exposure to spent engine oil (SEO) poses physiological risks to humans, especially to automobile mechanics. This study investigated the physiological effects of SEO-contaminated soil in a male Wistar rat model. Animals were dermally exposed to soil contaminated with SEO for 120 consecutive days and compared with rats exposed to uncontaminated soil (negative control). Heavy metal (lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc, and cadmium (Cd)) accumulations, hematology, biochemical (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine) parameters, sperm morphology, and histopathology (liver, kidney, lungs, brain, skin, and testis) were evaluated as end points. Results revealed that the heavy metals in SEO-contaminated soil are far greater than the World Health Organisation permissible limits, with significant ( p < 0.05) increases of Pb and Ni present in the brain, and Pb and Cd in the serum compared with the uncontaminated soil for the negative control. Only significant ( p < 0.05) values were observed in the lymphocytes, activities of AST and ALP, and sperm abnormalities of the exposed rats compared with those used for the negative control. Histopathological changes were not evident in the brain but lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, lungs, skin, and testis of the exposed rats. Results herein suggest that the constituents of SEO may elicit harmful physiological changes to humans who are directly exposed to them.

scholarly journals Survey of Methylmercury Exposures and Risk Factors Among Indigenous Communities in Guyana, South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 200604 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cynthia Watson ◽  
Jorge L. Hurtado-Gonzales ◽  
Christopher J. Chin ◽  
Juliana Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Hair Mercury ◽  
Hair Samples

Background. Gold mining activities in forested areas across Guyana have been a common practice for more than a century. The intensification of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in recent decades caused by global market demand is contributing to the mobilization of mercury into aquatic systems. Indigenous populations who consume high levels of locally sourced fish are greater at risk for methylmercury poisoning from ingestion of contaminated fish. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of mercury contamination and identify the risk factors associated with hair mercury levels in four indigenous communities in Guyana. Methods. Concentrations of total mercury were measured in hair samples from 99 participants from four indigenous communities in the south Rupununi region in Guyana. The findings of this study were compared with those of previous studies to assess the prevalence of mercury contamination in indigenous communities across Guyana. Results. Hair mercury levels were found to be above the World Health Organization (WHO) reference value for residents who live close to ASGM activities and who consume high quantities of locally sourced fish. Our results are not only consistent with those obtained in previous studies, but also evidence that mercury poisoning has become a generalized problem for indigenous communities in Guyana. Conclusions. Fish is the main source of protein for many riverine communities and consumption of mercury-contaminated fish poses a serious health hazard for these vulnerable populations. The situation is especially dire for community members of Parabara with 100% of participants showing elevated (>15 μg*g−1) hair mercury levels. It is therefore crucial that Parabara residents be evaluated by relevant health agencies for clinical symptoms related to mercury toxicity. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ministry of Public Health, Guyana. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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