Comparing Apple and Pear Phenology and Model Performance: What Seven Decades of Observations Reveal

Based on observations for the beginning of the flowering stage of Malus domestica (apple) and Pyrus communis (pear) for the 1950–2018 period, phenological trends in north-eastern Belgium were investigated in function of temperatures during dormancy. Moreover, two different phenological models were adapted and evaluated. Median flowering dates of apple were on average 9.5 days earlier following warm dormancy periods, and 11.5 days for pear, but the relationship between bloom date and temperature was found not to be linear, suggesting delayed fulfilment of dormancy requirements due to increased temperatures during the chilling period. After warm chilling periods, an average delay of 5.0 and 10.6 days in the occurrence date of dormancy break was predicted by the phenological models while the PLSR reveals mixed signals regarding the beginning of flowering. Our results suggest overlapping chilling and forcing processes in a transition phase. Regarding the beginning of flowering, a dynamic chill model coupled to a growing degree days estimation yielded significantly lower prediction errors (on average 5.0 days) than a continuous chill-forcing model (6.0 days), at 99% confidence level. Model performance was sensitive to the applied parametrization method and limitations for the application of both models outside the past temperature ranges became apparent.

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Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 186-192

Author(s):

Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽

Dr. Nushar Bargayary

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Vital Role ◽

Eastern Region ◽

The North ◽

Kinship System ◽

North Eastern ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

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A Network Analysis of the Relationship among Reading, Spelling and Maths Skills

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11050656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 656

Author(s):

Pierluigi Zoccolotti ◽

Paola Angelelli ◽

Chiara Valeria Marinelli ◽

Daniele Luigi Romano

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Skill Learning ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Learning Skills ◽

Level Model ◽

Multi Level ◽

Unselected Group ◽

The Relationship

Background. Skill learning (e.g., reading, spelling and maths) has been predominantly treated separately in the neuropsychological literature. However, skills (as well as their corresponding deficits), tend to partially overlap. We recently proposed a multi-level model of learning skills (based on the distinction among competence, performance, and acquisition) as a framework to provide a unitary account of these learning skills. In the present study, we examined the performance of an unselected group of third- to fifth-grade children on standard reading, spelling, and maths tasks, and tested the relationships among these skills with a network analysis, i.e., a method particularly suited to analysing relations among different domains. Methods. We administered a battery of reading, spelling, and maths tests to 185 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children (103 M, 82 F). Results. The network analysis indicated that the different measures of the same ability (i.e., reading, spelling, and maths) formed separate clusters, in keeping with the idea that they are based on different competences. However, these clusters were also related to each other, so that three nodes were more central in connecting them. In keeping with the multi-level model of learning skills, two of these tests (arithmetic facts subtest and spelling words with ambiguous transcription) relied heavily on the ability to recall specific instances, a factor hypothesised to underlie the co-variation among learning skills. Conclusions. The network analysis indicated both elements of association and of partial independence among learning skills. Interestingly, the study was based on standard clinical instruments, indicating that the multi-level model of learning skills might provide a framework for the clinical analysis of these learning skills.

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Regression Models for Soil Water Storage Estimation Using the ESA CCI Satellite Soil Moisture Product: A Case Study in Northeast Portugal

Water ◽

10.3390/w13010037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Tomás de Figueiredo ◽

Ana Caroline Royer ◽

Felícia Fonseca ◽

Fabiana Costa de Araújo Schütz ◽

Zulimar Hernández

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Regression Models ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Water Storage ◽

Model Performance ◽

Soil Water Balance ◽

Soil Water Storage ◽

The Relationship

The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture (ESA CCI SM) product provides soil moisture estimates from radar satellite data with a daily temporal resolution. Despite validation exercises with ground data that have been performed since the product’s launch, SM has not yet been consistently related to soil water storage, which is a key step for its application for prediction purposes. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between soil water storage (S), which was obtained from soil water balance computations with ground meteorological data, and soil moisture, which was obtained from radar data, as affected by soil water storage capacity (Smax). As a case study, a 14-year monthly series of soil water storage, produced via soil water balance computations using ground meteorological data from northeast Portugal and Smax from 25 mm to 150 mm, were matched with the corresponding monthly averaged SM product. Linear (I) and logistic (II) regression models relating S with SM were compared. Model performance (r2 in the 0.8–0.9 range) varied non-monotonically with Smax, with it being the highest at an Smax of 50 mm. The logistic model (II) performed better than the linear model (I) in the lower range of Smax. Improvements in model performance obtained with segregation of the data series in two subsets, representing soil water recharge and depletion phases throughout the year, outlined the hysteresis in the relationship between S and SM.

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A Fluidity-Temperature Relationship for Liquids

Journal of Lubrication Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3451780 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 236-241

Author(s):

T. F. Ford ◽

C. R. Singleterry

Keyword(s):

Interpolation Formula ◽

Absolute Temperature ◽

Temperature Relationship ◽

Organic Liquids ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

The Absolute ◽

The Relationship

Many relationships between viscosity or its reciprocal, fluidity, and temperature have been proposed for liquids. None except the empirically modified ASTM chart have proven satisfactory over extended temperature ranges. We here note that by plotting the kinematic fluidity (φkin) against the square of the absolute temperature (deg K2) we obtain linear relationships for a wide variety of organic liquids at kinematic viscosities less than about 1.67 centistokes (or fluidities above about 0.60 reciprocal centistokes). The generality of the relationship appears to justify the use of the equation, φkin=a+bT2, as an interpolation formula for organic liquids in the low viscosity region.

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A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development

EvoDevo ◽

10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dong Yang ◽

Aishi Xu ◽

Pan Shen ◽

Chao Gao ◽

Jiayin Zang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Evolution And Development ◽

Level Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

Two Level Model

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Generalized nonlinear height–diameter models for a <i>Cryptomeria fortunei</i> plantation in the Pingba region of Guizhou Province, China

Web Ecology ◽

10.5194/we-18-29-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zongzheng Chai ◽

Wei Tan ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Lan Yan ◽

Hongbo Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Performance ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Nonlinear Growth ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The relationship between height and diameter (H-D) is an important component in forest growth and yield models, and a better understanding of the relationship will improve forest monitoring, management, and biomass estimation. Sixteen nonlinear growth functions were fitted to H-D data for 1261 trees from a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in the Pingba region of Guizhou Province, China. Of the 1261 trees, 80 % were randomly selected for model calibration, while the remaining trees were reserved for model validation. All models were evaluated and compared by means of multiple-model performance criteria. Although all 16 models showed a good fit to the dataset and each of them accounted for more than 75 % of the total variation in height, a large difference in asymptotic estimates was observed. The Chapman–Richards, Weibull, and Näslund models were recommended for C. fortunei plantations, due to their satisfactory height prediction and biological interpretability.

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Comments on "Researcher bias: The use of machine learning in software defect prediction"

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1260v1 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn ◽

Shane McIntosh ◽

Ahmed E Hassan ◽

Kenichi Matsumoto

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Strong Association ◽

Model Performance ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Defect Prediction ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Software Defect ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

Shepperd et al. (2014) find that the reported performance of a defect prediction model shares a strong relationship with the group of researchers who construct the models. In this paper, we perform an alternative investigation of Shepperd et al. (2014)’s data. We observe that (a) researcher group shares a strong association with the dataset and metric families that are used to build a model; (b) the strong association among the explanatory variables introduces a large amount of interference when interpreting the impact of the researcher group on model performance; and (c) after mitigating the interference, we find that the researcher group has a smaller impact than the metric family. These observations lead us to conclude that the relationship between the researcher group and the performance of a defect prediction model may have more to do with the tendency of researchers to reuse experimental components (e.g., datasets and metrics). We recommend that researchers experiment with a broader selection of datasets and metrics to combat potential bias in their results.

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The Relationship between Settlement Pattern and Resource Utilization: The Case of North-Eastern Samaria

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers ◽

10.2307/621970 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Grossman

Keyword(s):

Resource Utilization ◽

Settlement Pattern ◽

North Eastern ◽

The Relationship

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IT Progress Stage and Management Level Growth in Local Governments

Public Sector Reform Using Information Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-839-2.ch016 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 278-297

Author(s):

Sadaya Kubo ◽

Tomohide Akebe ◽

Keiko Nakagawa

Keyword(s):

Information Society ◽

Local Governments ◽

Stage Model ◽

Management Level ◽

Empirical Survey ◽

Level Model ◽

The Relationship

This chapter considers the management of local governments in a growing information society. We highlight two proposed models for the management of local governments. The first model is the IT progress stage. This stage considered the previously published literature. The second model is the management level model. This model indexed the appearance of management activities learned from an original empirical survey completed in 2009. We analyzed the relationship between the IT progress stage and the management level model. Thereafter, we proposed a common progress stage model for local governments.

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