Aboveground Carbon Storage in Coffee Agroecosystems: The Case of the Central Region of the State of Veracruz in Mexico

This study quantifies the aboveground C storage of coffee agroecosystems (AESs) present in the Xalapa–Coatepec region of the state of Veracruz, one of the most important coffee producing regions in Mexico. We identified and determined the spatial distribution of five different types of coffee AESs. Then, through the point-centered quarter method, we measured canopy coverage, total height, diameter at breast height and density of tree species at 160 randomly selected sampling sites. Using allometric models, we estimated the aboveground biomass and the stored aboveground C by tree species and type of AES; and finally, we scaled up our results at the regional level. We found out that the coffee AESs with the greatest and the lowest potential for storing aboveground C are coffee (Co) + talltrees (tree stratum mainly composed of species taller than 15 m) and Co + AcaciaInga (tree stratum mainly composed by Acacia pennatula), with a carbon density as 73.27 Mg C ha − 1 and 38.47 Mg C ha − 1 respectively. The 91.2% of the total aboveground C in the studied region is stored by two coffee AES types: Co + talltrees and Co + Inga (tree stratum composed by Inga sp.). The aboveground C storage potential of all five coffee AESs in the central region of Veracruz is 2.43 million Mg C with an average carbon density of 55.12 Mg C ha − 1 . These results assert that coffee AESs should be considered important C sinks that contribute to the adaptation and mitigation of climate change.

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Growing Dimorphandra wilsonii in different substrates and levels of shading

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/14420211320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

M. M. Queiroz ◽

G. B. Frigo ◽

L. C. Dias ◽

R. V. O. Castro

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Central Region ◽

Tree Species ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The State ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Transition Area ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Different Levels

Dimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini is a tree species endemic to transition area between the “Cerrado” and the Atlantic Forest in the central region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different substrate compositions and levels of shading on the growth of Dimorphandra wilsonii. Seedlings were grown in different substrates: subsoil from Paraopeba; subsoil; commercial substrate BIOPLANT®; cattle manure; soil from Paraopeba and cattle manure (1:1); subsoil and cattle manure (1:1); commercial substrate and cattle manure (1:1); as well as in different levels of shading, as follows: abundant sunlight; half shading (Sombrite® 50%); and full shading (Sombrite® 80%). This study used a completely randomized experimental design. Producing D. wilsonii seedlings using a substrate comprised of 50% cattle manure and 50% subsoil in a shaded greenhouse proved to be effective

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Conflictos Sociales Asociados A La Defensa Del Ambiente: Agua Y Paisajes De La Región Veracruz Centro

Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas ◽

10.21057/repam.v9i3.17966 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Hipólito Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Legal Framework ◽

The State ◽

Regional Level ◽

Hydroelectric Power ◽

Environmental Conflicts ◽

Private Companies ◽

Federal Level ◽

Social Actors ◽

State Agents

Resumen:Este artículo examina dos conflictos socioambientales que se presentaron en la región centro del estado de Veracruz, México, entre 2010 y 2015. Abordamos conflictos originados por la pretensión de construir dos grandes infraestructuras: la ampliación del puerto de Veracruz y la construcción de una presa de propósitos múltiples en el río Los Pescados. En ambos casos, un amplio conglomerado de actores sociales se moviliza para impedir la instalación de proyectos que dañarían de modo irreversible su territorio. El texto indaga el nuevo papel que juega el Estado en relación a proyectos de empresas privadas que se proponen modificar el espacio regional. Se muestra el papel que están jugando los agentes estatales —tanto a nivel federal como en el plano regional— en el proceso de transformación del marco normativo que durante muchos años protegió el entorno ambiental en que se pretenden instalar estas infraestructuras.Palabras clave: Veracruz, México, conflitos socioambientales, projetos do infrastructures. ***Abstract:This article examines two socio-environmental conflicts that arose in the central region of the State of Veracruz, Mexico, between 2010 and 2015. The conflicts arising from the claim to build two large infrastructures: the enlargement of the port of Veracruz and the construction of a dam of multiple purposes in the fish River. In both cases, a large conglomerate of social actors is mobilized to prevent the installation of projects which may irreversibly damage their territory. The text explores the new role played by the State in relation to projects of private companies that intend to modify the regional space. Shows the role that State agents - played both at the federal level and at the regional level - to promote the transformation of the legal framework that protected the environment in which the aim is to install these infrastructures for many years.Key words: hydroelectric power, port of Veracruz, La Antigua, Veracruz reef system River, mega-projects, socio-environmental conflicts.*** Sumário:Este artigo examina dois conflitos socioambientales que apareceram no centro da região do estado de Veracruz, México, entre 2010 e 2015. Nós aproximamos os conflitos originados pelo pretension para construir dois infrastructures grandes: a extensão do porto de Veracruz e da construção de uma rapina de intenções múltiplas no rio os Peixes. Em ambos os casos, um conglomerado amplo de atores sociais mobilized para impedir a instalação dos projetos que danificariam da maneira irreversible seu território. O texto investiga o papel novo que joga o Estado com relação aos projetos das companhias confidenciais que se ajustam para fora para modificar o espaço regional. É o papel que tanto quanto jogou os agentes do Estado - nível federal quanto no plano regional ao impelling a transformação do frame normativo que durante muitos anos protegeu os arredors ambientais em que são tentados instalar estes infrastructures.Palavras-chave: energia hidrelétrica, o porto de Veracruz, La Antigua, Veracruz Recife sistema rio, mega-projetos, conflitos sócio-ambientais.

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Ground control and state of elite potato seed breeding in the Central region of Russia and adjacent regions according to its data

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

S.E. Mikhalin S.E. ◽

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Central Region ◽

The State ◽

Ground Control ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Potato Diseases

The article sets out information on the conduct of soil control of the potato elite, provides information on the state of elite seed production of potatoes in the Central region of Russia according to the data of soil control - which regions participated in its implementation, how many samples and varieties of potatoes were provided for soil control in different years, what were the main varieties, which potato diseases were taken into account.

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Implementing UNESCO’s Convention on Cultural Diversity at the regional level: Experiences from evaluating cultural competence centers

International Journal of Cultural Property ◽

10.1017/s0940739121000059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 511-525

Author(s):

Diana Betzler

Keyword(s):

Cultural Competence ◽

Cultural Diversity ◽

Central Region ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Public Funding ◽

Regional Level ◽

Policy Governance ◽

United Nations Educational ◽

Unesco Convention ◽

Cultural Expressions

AbstractThis article deals with the question of whether regional cultural competence centers foster the diversity of cultural expressions and how the objectives of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Convention on Cultural Diversity are implemented. By introducing the Convention on Cultural Diversity, the conditions of regional cultural policy governance, and the idea of regional cultural competence centers, a framework for evaluation is outlined. The evaluation of four regional cultural competence centers in the Swiss Central Region shows that fostering cultural diversity is complex and has many different approaches and effects. The final discussion concludes that principles such as “interculturality,” “freedom,” and “access for all” under the Convention on Cultural Diversity can promote a diversity of cultural expressions but that these criteria have to be set from outside—for example, by public funding institutions—so that regional actors implement them.

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Effect of three different types of biochars on eco-physiological response of important agroforestry tree species under salt stress

International Journal of Phytoremediation ◽

10.1080/15226514.2021.1901849 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf ◽

Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz ◽

Muhammad Zia ur Rehman ◽

Sadaf Gul ◽

Ghulam Yasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Tree Species ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Different Types

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Atomization of Liquids by Means of a Rotating Cup

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4010093 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 145-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. O. Hinze ◽

H. Milborn

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Drop Size ◽

Film Formation ◽

Angular Speed ◽

The State ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Drop Formation ◽

Dimensionless Groups ◽

Different Types ◽

Centrifugal Action

Abstract Liquid, supplied through a stationary tube to the inner part of a rotating cup widening toward a brim, flows viscously in a thin layer toward this brim and is then flung off, all by centrifugal action. The flow within this layer and the disintegration phenomena occurring beyond the brim have been studied, experimentally as well as theoretically. A formula has been derived for the thickness and for the radial velocity of the liquid layer within the cup, which proved to agree reasonably well with experimental results. Three essentially different types of disintegration may take place around and beyond the edge of the cup designated, respectively, by: (a) the state of direct drop formation; (b) the state of ligament formation; and (c) the state of film formation. Which one of these is realized depends upon working conditions. Transition from state (a) into (b), or of state (b) into state (c) is promoted by an increased quantity of supply, an increased angular speed, a decreased diameter of the cup, an increased density, an increased viscosity, and a decreased surface tension of the liquid. The experimental results have been expressed in relationships between relevant dimensionless groups. For the state of ligament formation a semiempirical relationship has been derived between the number of ligaments and dimensionless groups determining the working conditions of the cup. Results of drop-size measurements made for the state of ligament formation as well as for the state of film formation show that atomization by mere rotation of the cup is much more uniform than commonly achieved with pressure atomizers.

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PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY FOREST CHARACTERISTICS DESPITE FRAGMENTATION AND ISOLATION IN A FOREST REMNANT FROM VIÇOSA, MG, BRAZIL1

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622015000600001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 985-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Markus Gastauer ◽

Marcos Eduardo Guerra Sobral ◽

João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Tree Species ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Forest Patch ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Forest Remnant ◽

Primary Forests ◽

Biotic Resources

According to its owners, the Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) from the Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, never has been logged and is therefore considered a primary forest. Nevertheless, the forest patch suffered impacts due to selective wood and non-timber extraction, fragmentation and isolation. Aim of this study was to test if the FSN, despite impacts, preserved characteristics of primary forests, which are elevated percentages of non-pioneer (>90%), animal-dispersed (>80 %), understory (>50%) and endemic species (~40%). For that, all trees with diameter at breast height equal or major than 3.2 cm within a plot of 100 x 100 m were identified. With 218 tree species found within this hectare, the FSN's species richness is outstanding for the region. The percentages of non-pioneer (92 %), animal-dispersed (85 %), understory (55 %) and endemic species (39.2 %) from the FSN fulfill the criteria proposed for primary forest. Therefore, we conclude that the FSN maintained its characteristics as a primary forest which highlights its importance for the conservation of biotic resources in the region, where similar fragments are lacking or not described yet.

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Differential Multipliers for Tourism in Victoria

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/135481669700300104 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 57-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guy R. West ◽

Ari Gamage

Keyword(s):

Economic Impacts ◽

Value Added ◽

The State ◽

Input Output ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

State Economy ◽

Different Types

This study assesses the significance of different types of tourists to Victoria, Australia, by their relative contribution to the economy. Differential impacts are calculated using an input–output model incorporating marginal household coefficients. The analysis demonstrates that the conventional input–output model can overestimate the flow-on effects to value added, income and employment by a significant amount. It finds that domestic tourists are the largest contributor to the State economy, with day-trippers spending the greatest amount. International tourists rank last in terms of economic impacts on the state.

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Inside global financial networks

Dialogues in Human Geography ◽

10.1177/2043820618797779 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 294-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura-Marie Töpfer

Keyword(s):

Firm Behavior ◽

Financial System ◽

The State ◽

Financial Networks ◽

Different Types ◽

Competitive Hierarchies ◽

Global Financial System

The commentaries on this forum’s anchor article, ‘China’s Integration into the Global Financial System: Toward a State-led Conception of Global Financial Networks’, examine how the state is shaping global financial networks (GFNs). In response to these reviews, this article discusses three common themes that bind the different commentaries: (1) different types of agency, power, and the rise of new actors; (2) the methodology behind studying state-led GFNs; and (3) the structural question of ‘Chinese exceptionalism’ as a mode of capitalism. Overall, this article affirms that the state remains central to our understanding of competitive hierarchies and firm behavior in financial networks.

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