scholarly journals Organic Matter Properties of Spent Button Mushroom Substrate in the Context of Soil Organic Matter Reproduction

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Becher ◽  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Agnieszka Godlewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Button Mushrooms ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
High Share

The objective of the work was to evaluate selected properties of spent substrates used for growing button mushrooms (SMSs) and the content and quality of the organic matter in this material in the context of rational use for fertilisation purposes and potential impact on the soil environment. The materials were sampled at production facilities located in the east of Mazovia. The density and amount of spent substrate on shelves where mushrooms were cultivated were determined. The following were analysed in the laboratory: reaction, carbonate content, TC (total carbon) and TOC (total organic carbon) contents, total nitrogen, organic matter fraction composition, and humic acids properties. It was confirmed that this material had a marked potential to enrich soils in organic matter, nitrogen, and carbonates. The analysis revealed that the most important qualitative properties of the organic matter were related to the relatively high share of labile organic compounds (the fraction separated with 0.05 M H2SO4 and the fraction of fulvic acids). The humic acids had similar properties regardless of their origins. The humic acids (HAs) molecules displayed a substantial share of aliphatic structures which are typical of these materials at their initial decomposition stage. It can be assumed that, due to such properties, spent mushroom substrates are materials which can be directly introduced into the soil to improve their quality and prevent degradation.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE CONTENT AND QUALITY OF ORGANIC MATTER IN AGRARIAN SOILS OF NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE DEPENDING ON ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

2010 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
N. Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Humus State

On the basis of experimental and literary data the assessment of humus state of arable layer of differently cultivated typical agrarian-grey heavy loamy non-eroidated soils of the center of the Non-Black Earth zone of Russia was carried out. The gradations of humus content corresponding to the different level of soil fertility were determined. The optimal interval of humus content is calculated on the basis of its minimal value in non-erodized agrarian soils of the region and optimal limits of transforming organic matter. It is shown that at development of grey soils under forest in arable horizonThe content of humus, fulvic acids, mobile humic acids, extracted 0.1 n. NaOH, decreases, and the amount of humic acids associated with Ca sharply increases with the increase of their optical density and ratio to mobile humic acids to the level in agronomic black soil. Further domestication of agrarian soils on the background of systematic application of increased doses of organic fertilizers, along with increasing the content of humus, there are reverse changes in the ratio of these fractions of humic acids. At the same time, the optical density of humic acids associated with clay minerals decreases significantly, which indicates the processes of their renewal and enrichment by aliphatic structures. Criteria of difference between agrarian soils and podzolic soils and agronomic chernozems by quality of humus in arable horizon are discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in quantity and quality of organic matter in soil after application of poultry litter and poultry litter biochar—5-year field experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Jarosz ◽  
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Michał Kopeć ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar ◽  
Light Absorbance

Abstract Changes of the addition of poultry litter (PL) and poultry litter biochar (PLB) on quantitative and qualitative humus parameters in loamy sand were estimated during the 5-year study period. The following properties were determined in soil: pH, total carbon (Ctotal), total nitrogen (Ntotal), humic and fulvic acids, extracted carbon, and non-hydrolysing carbon. Additionally, light absorbance in the solutions of humic acids was computed at the wavelength of 280, 465, and 665 nm. It was demonstrated that organic matter mineralisation was most intense in soil with the addition of PL, causing significant quantitative and qualitative changes in humus compounds in soil. A slower rate of organic matter mineralisation was observed in soil amended with PLB, especially in a dose of 5.0 t ha−1, which indicated the long-term effect of this material on improving soil properties. Spectrophotometric indexes for the solution of humic acids also showed that PLB had a more favourable effect on the structure durability and lower mobility of humic acid carbon compared with PL. The application of PL and PLB significantly increased the non-hydrolysing carbon content in soil, indicating greater stabilisation of humus compounds and, at the same time, lower CO2 emissions. It was found that the addition of organic materials to soil significantly increased the soil organic carbon contents. Our study has shown that the identification of changes that may occur in the quantitative and qualitative composition of soil humus after the application of PLB may be helpful in determining the appropriate biochar dose.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soil Organic Matter Individual Fractions (Fulvic Acids, Humic Acids, and Humins) by Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Techniques in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Guillaume Debaene ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The objective of this paper was to investigate the molecular characterization of soil organic matter fractions (humic substances (HS): fulvic acids-FAs, humic acids-HAs, and humins-HNs), which are the most reactive soil components. A wide spectrum of spectroscopic (UV–VIS and VIS–nearIR), as well as electrochemical (zeta potential, particle size diameter, and polydispersity index), methods were applied to find the relevant differences in the behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties of HS fractions derived from various soils. Soil material (n = 30) used for the study were sampled from the surface layer (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils. FAs and HAs were isolated by sequential extraction in alkaline and acidic solutions, according to the International Humic Substances Society method, while HNs was determined in the soil residue (after FAs and HAs extraction) by mineral fraction digestion using a 0.1M HCL/0.3M HF mixture and DMSO. Our study showed that significant differences in the molecular structures of FAs, Has, and HNs occurred. Optical analysis confirmed the lower molecular weight of FAs with high amount of lignin-like compounds and the higher weighted aliphatic–aromatic structure of HAs. The HNs were characterized by a very pronounced and strong condensed structure associated with the highest molecular weight. HAs and HNs molecules exhibited an abundance of acidic, phenolic, and amine functional groups at the aromatic ring and aliphatic chains, while FAs mainly showed the presence of methyl, methylene, ethenyl, and carboxyl reactive groups. HS was characterized by high polydispersity related with their structure. FAs were characterized by ellipsoidal shape as being associated to the long aliphatic chains, while HAs and HNs revealed a smaller particle diameter and a more spherical shape caused by the higher intermolecular forcing between the particles. The observed trends directly indicate that individual HS fractions differ in behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties, which reflects their binding potential to other molecules depending on soil properties resulting from their type. The determined properties of individual HS fractions are presented as averaged characteristics over the examined soils with different physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Recovery of degraded areas revegeted with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus with special reference to organic matter humification

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolimar Antonio Schiavo ◽  
Jader Galba Busato ◽  
Marco Antonio Martins ◽  
Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Extraction Area ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizer

Humidified fractions of organic matter and soil microorganism populations are used as environmental quality indicators. This work aimed to study the changes in chemical and microbiological soil attributes, as well as in the humidified fractions, of the organic matter in a substrate from a clay extraction area cropped with Brachiaria mutica, Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus. In the Eucalyptus area, the P contents increased linearly with planting time. However, only at the twelfth year, differences between Eucalyptus and B. mutica areas have occurred. In the A. mangium area, such differences in the P content occurred at the third year with increment of 43%, at the 0-10 cm layer, in relation to B. mutica. Also, at the 0-10 cm layer, the total carbon contents were 98%, 78%, 70% and 40% higher than those found in Eucalyptus with three, five, twelve years of age and in the B. mutica area, respectively. Such increments also occurred in the humidified fractions, especially in the fulvic acids (C FA). The population of microorganisms was higher in the A. mangium area, mainly in the summer, where it was observed a positively correlation with total carbon (total bacteria, r = 0.96**, total fungi, r = 0.91*, and phosphate solubilizer microorganisms, r = 0.98**) and with the C FA fraction (total bacteria r = 0.96**, total fungi, r = 0.90*, and phosphate solubilizer microorganisms, r = 0.98**). The use of A. mangium led to improvements in the chemical and microbiological soil attributes in the substrate

scholarly journals Properties of Humic Acids in Meadow Soils Irrigated With the Slope-And Flooding System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Andrzej Dziamski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Irrigation Ditch ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degree Of Maturity

Abstract The aim of the research has been to determine the effect of many-year irrigation of unique grasslands on the properties of humic acids defining the quality of organic matter. The research was performed based on the soil (Albic Brunic Arenosol, the A, AE and Bsv horizons) sampled from Europe’s unique complex of permanent grasslands irrigated continuously for 150 years, applying the slope-and-flooding system; the Czerskie Meadows. The soil samples were assayed for the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and the particle size distribution. HAs were extracted with the Schnitzer method and analysed for the elemental composition, spectrometric parameters in the UV-VIS range, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the infrared spectra were produced. The research results have shown that the HAs properties depended on the depth and the distance from the irrigation ditch. The HAs of the A horizon of the soils were identified with a lower “degree of maturity”, as reflected by the values of atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, O/H), absorbance coefficients, and the FT-IR spectra, as compared with the HAs of the Bsv horizon. The HAs molecules of the soils sampled furthest from the irrigation ditch were identified with a higher degree of humification, as compared with the HAs of the soils sampled within the closest distance. The results have demonstrated that many-year grassland irrigation affected the structure and the properties of humic acids.

Humus Substances and Soil Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Erika Tobiašová ◽  
Juraj Miškolczi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Stability

Abstract In this study, the soil structure of two soil types (Haplic Chernozems and Eutric Fluvisols) in four ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban and agro-ecosystem) with dependence on humus substances were compared. The stability of dry-sieved and waterresistant macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates with a dependence on the proportion of humus substance fractions was determined. Quantity of humus substances influenced mainly water-resistant aggregates. A positive correlation was recorded between size fraction of 2.3 mm and contents of humus substances (P < 0.01; r = +0.710) and fulvic acids (P < 0.05; r = +0.634), and negative correlation between size fraction of 0.5.1 mm and contents of humus substances (P < 0.05; r = -0.613) and fulvic acids (P < 0.01; r = -0.711). Humic acids influenced mainly the formation of dry-sieved aggregates and fulvic acids played an important role in micro-aggregate formation. The quality of humus substances influenced more intensively the formation of dry-sieved aggregates. There were positive correlations between optical parameters of humus substances and humic acids and larger dry-sieved aggregates (3.7 mm) and negative correlations with smaller (0.5.3 mm). The highest proportions of larger size of water-resistant aggregates (1. 20 mm) were in forest ecosystem, but smaller (0.25.1 mm) agreggates were dominated in agro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals Metal Binding and Sources of Humic Substances in Recent Sediments from the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (South-Eastern Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8466
Author(s):  
Christian Millo ◽  
Carlo Bravo ◽  
Stefano Covelli ◽  
Elena Pavoni ◽  
Elisa Petranich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon

The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine–lagoon complex (São Paulo state, Brazil) is a natural laboratory to study metal binding by humic substances (HS) in subtropical settings. This transitional environment is evolving into a freshwater environment due to water input from the Ribeira River, funneled through the Valo Grande Canal (Iguape). Past mining activities in the Ribeira River basin and maritime traffic are suspected to be potential sources of trace metals in the system. In this study, the trace metal contents of Free Humic Acids (FHA), Bound Humic Acids (BHA), and Fulvic Acids (FA) extracted from sedimentary organic matter were investigated. Moreover, the sources of HS were traced using their stable carbon isotope compositions and C/N ratios. The results suggested a mixed marine–terrestrial source of FHA, BHA, and FA. Copper and Cr were the most abundant trace metals bound to HS. On average, Cu showed concentrations of 176, 115, and 37.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively, whereas Cr showed average concentrations of 47.4, 86.3, and 43.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively. Marine FHA showed the highest binding capacity for trace metals, whereas terrestrial FA derived from the decay of mangrove organic matter showed the lowest binding capacity.

scholarly journals Sustainability/resilience of soil organic matter components in an Argentinean arid region .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Vázquez ◽  
Laura Noe ◽  
Adriana Abril ◽  
Carolina Merlo ◽  
Carlos Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Undisturbed Site

This short communication presents a novel approach to determining the soil sustainability of productive practices in an Argentinean arid region, using the resilience degree of soil organic matter components. The study was conducted in four sites of the Arid Chaco region of the Cordoba province: one undisturbed site, two sites with livestock (with total and with selective clearing) and one site with agriculture. In each site three soil samples were taken and total soil organic matter, fulvic and humic acids, and non-humic substances were analyzed. Variations of each component (%) between each productive practice and the undisturbed site were calculated in order to establish the resilience degree. The livestock soils showed: a) moderate resilience for non-humic substances, b) low resilience for organic matter and humic acids, and c) no resilience for fulvic acids. The agricultural soils showed: a) low resilience for total organic matter and non-humic substances, and b) no resilience for fulvic and humic acids. We conclude that this approach is a powerful tool for establishing management practices according to each particular situation, allowing improved productivity in arid regions.

Influence of humus acids on mobility and biological availability of iron, zinc and copper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A. Fateev ◽  
D. Semenov ◽  
K. Smirnova ◽  
A. Shemet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Mobile Forms

Soil organic matter is known as an important condition for the mobility of trace elements in soils, their geo- chemical migration and availability to plants. However, various components of soil organic matter have differ- ent effect on these processes due to their signifi cant differences in structure and properties. Aim. To establish the role of humic and fulvic acids in the process of formation of microelement mobility in soils and their accu- mulation in plants. Methods. A model experiment with sand culture was used to investigate the release of trace elements from preparations of humic and fulvic acids and their uptake by oat plants. Results. It was found that among biologically needed elements humic acids are enriched with iron, fulvic acids – with zinc, and copper distribution between these two groups of substances may be characterized as even. These elements have un- equal binding power with components of soil organic matter, as evidenced by their release into the cultivation medium and accumulation in plants. In the composition of fulvic acids zink has the most mobility – up to 95 % of this element is in the form, accessible for plants; the lowest mobility was demonstrated by copper in the composition with humic acids, for which no signifi cant changes in the concentration of mobile forms in the substrate and in the introduction to the test culture were registered. Despite signifi cantly higher iron content in humic acids, the application of fulvic acids in the cultivation medium provides a greater increase in the con- centration of mobile forms of this element. Conclusions. The results confi rm the important role of organic sub- stances of fulvic nature in the formation of zinc and iron mobility in the soil and their accumulation in plants.

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