scholarly journals Sustainability/resilience of soil organic matter components in an Argentinean arid region .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Vázquez ◽  
Laura Noe ◽  
Adriana Abril ◽  
Carolina Merlo ◽  
Carlos Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Undisturbed Site

This short communication presents a novel approach to determining the soil sustainability of productive practices in an Argentinean arid region, using the resilience degree of soil organic matter components. The study was conducted in four sites of the Arid Chaco region of the Cordoba province: one undisturbed site, two sites with livestock (with total and with selective clearing) and one site with agriculture. In each site three soil samples were taken and total soil organic matter, fulvic and humic acids, and non-humic substances were analyzed. Variations of each component (%) between each productive practice and the undisturbed site were calculated in order to establish the resilience degree. The livestock soils showed: a) moderate resilience for non-humic substances, b) low resilience for organic matter and humic acids, and c) no resilience for fulvic acids. The agricultural soils showed: a) low resilience for total organic matter and non-humic substances, and b) no resilience for fulvic and humic acids. We conclude that this approach is a powerful tool for establishing management practices according to each particular situation, allowing improved productivity in arid regions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soil Organic Matter Individual Fractions (Fulvic Acids, Humic Acids, and Humins) by Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Techniques in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Guillaume Debaene ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The objective of this paper was to investigate the molecular characterization of soil organic matter fractions (humic substances (HS): fulvic acids-FAs, humic acids-HAs, and humins-HNs), which are the most reactive soil components. A wide spectrum of spectroscopic (UV–VIS and VIS–nearIR), as well as electrochemical (zeta potential, particle size diameter, and polydispersity index), methods were applied to find the relevant differences in the behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties of HS fractions derived from various soils. Soil material (n = 30) used for the study were sampled from the surface layer (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils. FAs and HAs were isolated by sequential extraction in alkaline and acidic solutions, according to the International Humic Substances Society method, while HNs was determined in the soil residue (after FAs and HAs extraction) by mineral fraction digestion using a 0.1M HCL/0.3M HF mixture and DMSO. Our study showed that significant differences in the molecular structures of FAs, Has, and HNs occurred. Optical analysis confirmed the lower molecular weight of FAs with high amount of lignin-like compounds and the higher weighted aliphatic–aromatic structure of HAs. The HNs were characterized by a very pronounced and strong condensed structure associated with the highest molecular weight. HAs and HNs molecules exhibited an abundance of acidic, phenolic, and amine functional groups at the aromatic ring and aliphatic chains, while FAs mainly showed the presence of methyl, methylene, ethenyl, and carboxyl reactive groups. HS was characterized by high polydispersity related with their structure. FAs were characterized by ellipsoidal shape as being associated to the long aliphatic chains, while HAs and HNs revealed a smaller particle diameter and a more spherical shape caused by the higher intermolecular forcing between the particles. The observed trends directly indicate that individual HS fractions differ in behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties, which reflects their binding potential to other molecules depending on soil properties resulting from their type. The determined properties of individual HS fractions are presented as averaged characteristics over the examined soils with different physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Chemical and structural characterization of soil humic substances under agroforestry and conventional systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislane M. de Moraes ◽  
Francisco Alisson da Silva Xavier ◽  
Eduardo de Sá Mendonça ◽  
João Ambrósio de Araújo Filho ◽  
Teógenes Senna de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Aromatic Character ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Studies have proven that the agroforestry systems in the semi-arid region of the State of Ceará, Brazil, induce an increase in soil organic C levels. Notwithstanding, there is no information if this increase also results in qualitative changes in different pools of soil organic matter. The objective of this study was to verify the possible chemical and structural alterations in fulvic and humic acids of a Luvisol in areas adopting agroforestry, traditional intensive cultivation and native forest in a long-term experiment conducted in the semi-arid region of Ceará State, Brazil. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the National Goat Research Center (Embrapa) in Sobral, CE. The following treatments were evaluated: agrosilvopasture (AGP), silvopasture (SILV), intensive cultivation under fallow (ICF), and areas with native forest (NF). Soil fulvic and humic acids fractions were extracted from the 0-6 and 6-12 cm layers and characterized by elemental composition, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The elemental composition analysis of humic acids confirmed the data found for fulvic acids, showing reduction in the C, H and N levels, followed by an increase in O contents in the AGP and ICF treatments over SILV and NF. In all treatments, except to SILV in the 0-6 cm layer, the percentage of mass loss was highest (300-600 °C) for humic acids in the thermally most stable region. Despite the similarity between infrared spectra, soil fulvic acids in the SILV treatment extracted from 6-12 cm depth decrease the absorption bands at 1708 and 1408 cm-1 followed by an increase in the absorption band at 1608 cm-1 attributed to aromatic C=C groups. This behavior suggests an increase in the aromatic character of the structure. The AGP and ICF treatments, which increase the soil tilling, favored the maintenance of humic substances with a more aromatic character in the soil than SILV and NF. The less aromatic humic substances in the SILV treatment resulted in an increase of exchange sites of soil organic matter, indicating improved nutrient cycling and maintenance of productivity in the system.

scholarly journals Study Into the Changes in Soil Organic Matter, Caused By Laboratory Simulated Fires in Four Slovak Soils 1. UV-VIS Spectrum Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (48) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Maroš Sirotiak ◽  
Alica Pastierová ◽  
Lenka Blinová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Soil Behaviour

Abstract The study was focused on describing ultraviolet-visible spectra of the humic substances, humic acids and fulvic acids isolated from four Slovak soils. The samples were heated in a laboratory furnace, to simulate soil behaviour during fires. The absorbances at the wavelengths corresponding to the selected chromophores and specific wavelength for groups of substances were compared. Analysis of the UV -VIS spectra of the extracted humic substances may indicate the directions of interest in the changes in soil organic matter, along with the changes in external conditions, such as natural fires.

CO2 fluxes and carbon balance of an agricultural grassland in southern Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heimsch ◽  
Annalea Lohila ◽  
Liisa Kulmala ◽  
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen ◽  
Mika Korkiakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

<p>Agriculture is globally a significant source of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Main causes for these high emissions are conventional intensive management practices which include such as frequent ploughing, monocropping and high use of agrochemicals. These practices contribute to the loss of biodiversity and soil organic matter, as well as to the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from land use. Recently, it has been recognised that agriculture functioning on the basis of regenerative practices is one of the most potential tools to mitigate climate change.</p><p>It is well known that topsoil layer and especially humus-rich soils can store more carbon than atmosphere and vegetation together. Therefore, increasing the amount of soil organic matter in the agroecosystems, by applying enhanced management practices such as reduced tillage, high biodiversity and cover cropping, agricultural soils would not only help to mitigate climate change but also to restore soil quality and fertility. To understand the carbon dynamics on different agricultural sites, factors affecting and comprising the carbon balance, and to verify soil carbon and ecosystem models, continuous long-term monitoring of the GHG fluxes is essential at such managed ecosystems. Here we present results from a new eddy covariance (EC) flux study site located in southern Finland.</p><p>Continuous CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements using the EC method have been conducted at Qvidja farm on mineral (clay) soil forage grassland in Parainen, southern Finland (60.29550°N, 22.39281°E) since the spring 2018. Based on the flux and biomass data, the annual carbon balance was estimated to be negative, i.e. the site acted as an overall sink of carbon even in the dry and hot year 2018. However, the seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes were greatly dependent on weather conditions and management procedures. Results from 2019 show that the growing season accompanied with more mature and dense grass, a bit higher precipitation and lower temperatures, as well as higher cutting height was more favorable for carbon uptake in Qvidja as compared to year 2018.</p>

scholarly journals Metal Binding and Sources of Humic Substances in Recent Sediments from the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (South-Eastern Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8466
Author(s):  
Christian Millo ◽  
Carlo Bravo ◽  
Stefano Covelli ◽  
Elena Pavoni ◽  
Elisa Petranich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon

The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine–lagoon complex (São Paulo state, Brazil) is a natural laboratory to study metal binding by humic substances (HS) in subtropical settings. This transitional environment is evolving into a freshwater environment due to water input from the Ribeira River, funneled through the Valo Grande Canal (Iguape). Past mining activities in the Ribeira River basin and maritime traffic are suspected to be potential sources of trace metals in the system. In this study, the trace metal contents of Free Humic Acids (FHA), Bound Humic Acids (BHA), and Fulvic Acids (FA) extracted from sedimentary organic matter were investigated. Moreover, the sources of HS were traced using their stable carbon isotope compositions and C/N ratios. The results suggested a mixed marine–terrestrial source of FHA, BHA, and FA. Copper and Cr were the most abundant trace metals bound to HS. On average, Cu showed concentrations of 176, 115, and 37.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively, whereas Cr showed average concentrations of 47.4, 86.3, and 43.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively. Marine FHA showed the highest binding capacity for trace metals, whereas terrestrial FA derived from the decay of mangrove organic matter showed the lowest binding capacity.

Influence of humus acids on mobility and biological availability of iron, zinc and copper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A. Fateev ◽  
D. Semenov ◽  
K. Smirnova ◽  
A. Shemet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Mobile Forms

Soil organic matter is known as an important condition for the mobility of trace elements in soils, their geo- chemical migration and availability to plants. However, various components of soil organic matter have differ- ent effect on these processes due to their signifi cant differences in structure and properties. Aim. To establish the role of humic and fulvic acids in the process of formation of microelement mobility in soils and their accu- mulation in plants. Methods. A model experiment with sand culture was used to investigate the release of trace elements from preparations of humic and fulvic acids and their uptake by oat plants. Results. It was found that among biologically needed elements humic acids are enriched with iron, fulvic acids – with zinc, and copper distribution between these two groups of substances may be characterized as even. These elements have un- equal binding power with components of soil organic matter, as evidenced by their release into the cultivation medium and accumulation in plants. In the composition of fulvic acids zink has the most mobility – up to 95 % of this element is in the form, accessible for plants; the lowest mobility was demonstrated by copper in the composition with humic acids, for which no signifi cant changes in the concentration of mobile forms in the substrate and in the introduction to the test culture were registered. Despite signifi cantly higher iron content in humic acids, the application of fulvic acids in the cultivation medium provides a greater increase in the con- centration of mobile forms of this element. Conclusions. The results confi rm the important role of organic sub- stances of fulvic nature in the formation of zinc and iron mobility in the soil and their accumulation in plants.

scholarly journals 315 Formation, persistence, and function of soil organic matter: how recent scientific advances apply in agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Jocelyn M Lavallee ◽  
Francesca Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Function

Abstract Soil organic matter is fundamental to healthy and productive soils and building it is an effective means by which to draw down atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations with added co-benefits. Scientific understanding of soil organic matter dynamics is constantly evolving, and the past decade has seen major advances and paradigm shifts. Soil organic matter creation from decaying plant litter is now thought to occur under two separate pathways, yielding two functionally different types: predominantly plant-derived, unprotected particulate organic matter (POM) and predominantly microbially-derived, mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). The idea of naturally-occurring humic substances in soils has been largely abandoned, and long-term soil organic matter persistence is now understood to be driven mainly by mineral association. We will present the research behind these paradigm shifts, and show how considering POM and MAOM separately is key to understanding the mechanisms driving carbon accrual and persistence in soil, and therefore to guiding policy and management for soil carbon sequestration. We will present drivers of POM and MAOM contents, from individual fields to continents, including their capacity for sequestration and saturation in agricultural soils of the USA, and their responses to common management practices in agroecosystems.

RADIOCARBON DATING OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM A CULTIVATED TOPSOIL IN EASTERN CANADA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. MARTEL ◽  
P. LASALLE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Radiocarbon dating was used to determine the mean residence time of the organic matter from a Gleysolic Ap horizon of eastern Canada. The total soil organic matter and the fulvic acids dated modern, the humic acids as 1,220 ± 150 yr B.P. and the humin as 180 ± 100 yr B.P. Acid hydrolysis of the total soil organic matter yielded a soluble fraction dating modern and an unhydrolyzed material dating 1,530 ± 110 yr B.P. Acid hydrolysis of this topsoil appears practical to separate the soil organic matter into two fractions of different stability. Fractionation into fulvic, humic acids and humin may help to give information on the dynamics of the soil organic matter by separating the soil into at least three fractions of varying stability.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Organic Matter Parameters during the Period of 18 Years Under Different Soil Management Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Average Speed

Abstract Quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) is very important from view point of sustainable agriculture; therefore, during the years 1994–2011, the influence of different soil management practices on changes in SOM parameters in loamy Haplic Luvisol was evaluated in a field experiment in the locality of Dolná Malanta. The field experiment included two types of soil tillage – (1) conventional tillage (CT) and (2) reduced tillage (RT) – and also two treatments of fertilisation – (1) crop residues together with added NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilisers (CR + NPK) and (2) added NPK fertilisers. Contents of humic substances (HS) and fulvic acids (FA) under RT increased by 1.6% and 4.4%, respectively, compared to CT during the years 1994–2011. On the other hand, contents of humic acids (HA), HA-to-FA ratios, colour quotient of HS and colour quotient of HA under CT increased by 2.0%, 2.5%, 1.8% and 2.3%, respectively, compared to RT. In CT and RT, HS declined at an average speed of 0.33% and 0.53% per year, respectively. In CR + NPK treatments and application, only NPK fertiliser caused a decline of HS at an average speed of 0.52% and 0.33 % per year, respectively. In CT, RT and CR + NPK treatments, the linear trends (statistical significant) in decline of FA were observed. All in all, the CT had a slightly better effect on the quality of SOM, whilst the stability of SOM was improved by RT. Applications of mineral fertilisers along with crop residues resulted in better quality but lower stability of SOM.

Soil Quality and Soil Sustainability

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Rathoure
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Soil Structures

Soil is an important and complex part of our environment. The agro-ecosystem is made up of many interacting components with multiple goals. Soil quality is one important part of sustainable agro-ecosystem management, analogous to water and air quality. Assessing soil quality may help managers identify practices that could be adapted to become more sustainable. Soil quality is the ability of a soil to perform functions that are essential to people and the environment. Soil quality is not limited to agricultural soils, although most soil quality work has been done in agricultural systems. Soil quality definitions emphasize several features. Dynamic properties include organic matter, soil structure, infiltration rate, bulk density, and water and nutrient holding capacity. Changes in dynamic properties depend both on land management practices and the inherent properties of the soil. Here, the author has presented for intrinsic and vigorous properties, soil structures and macrophores, soil quality management, etc.

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