Biological activity and humus state of soils in the near-adjacent part of the Selenga River

Peculiarities of humus formation and manifestation of biological activity of soils are revealed. The objects of research are grey forest nonpodzolized, alluvial meadow soils as arable land, meadow-marsh soils as hayfield. Humus condition of the studied soils is in satisfactory condition within each soil type. The current state of the humus fund of old-arable grey forest soils is characterized by low humus content and unsatisfactory composition, which is caused by the absence of fertility change. The productivity of meadow-marsh soils is high and considerably exceeds grey forest and alluvial meadow soils. The information obtained on biological activity, can be used in agricultural practice to assess soil productivity, as well as in environmental monitoring.

On the Study of the Humus State of Meadow Brown Soils

The studies carried out and the results obtained on the humus state of meadow brown soils are fully consistent with the literature. The change in the humus content in the soils of the meadow soil formation process depends on the effect of surface and ground moisture on humus formation. Studies have revealed that the humus content in meadow brown soils decreases gradually and relatively evenly with depth. For meadow soils with a meadow process of soil formation, there is a general tendency for a decrease in humus from the upper horizons to the lower ones.

Influence of phytomelioration on the processes of humus accumulation and microflora of agrogenic soils of Primorye

The monograph is devoted to the study of the influence of various phytomeliorants on the microflora, physicochemical and agrochemical properties of soils. Changes in carbon pools and СО2 emissions from soils, which are most widely used in agriculture of the region, have been studied. The data on the effect of various phytomeliorants on the humus state of soils, their biological activity and optical-energy indicators are presented. Taking into account the change in the integral indicator of the biological state of soils, the most effective phytomeliorants that have a positive effect on soil fertility have been identified. Methods for indicating changes in humus content and catalase activity under the influence of phytomeliorants and various systems of agrotechnical soil cultivation are proposed. The book is intended for soil scientists, ecologists, agrochemists, specialists dealing with agricultural issues, as well as students of relevant specialties.

Changes in the chemical composition of typical chernozem in Kursk region during the conversion of bare fallow to the disused land

After 20 years of the replacement of bare fallow with a disused land at typical chernozem, the content of the main organogenic elements increased: carbon by 43%, hydrogen by 31%, nitrogen by 25%. But yet, the restitution of the organic carbon content comes very slowly, at the rate of about 0.05% per year, which must be taken into account when regulating the humus state of arable soils. The content of the main macronutrients - silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, which constitute the basis of the mineral part of the soil, has not changed significantly during this period. At the same time, in the upper part of the profile of the fallow typical chernozem, the content of some mineral elements, actively involved in the biological circulation of substances, increased. First of all, this concerns such elements as phosphorus, chromium, plumbum, sulfur and zinc, to a lesser extent manganese, calcium and magnesium. Ключевые слова: TYPICAL CHERNOZEM, BARE FALLOW, DISUSED LAND, MACRONUTRIENTS, MICRONUTRIENTS.

К оценке гумусного состояния и ферментативной активности почв Дальневосточного морского заповедника

Indicators of humus state and catalase activity were determined in the soils of the Far Eastern marine reserve. The average humus content was exposed for the dark humus burozem and the dark humus soil, formed on buried burozem. The distribution of humus in the profile is estimated as gradually decreasing, the humus reserves in the 20 cm layer are characterized as very high and high. Variation of the typical humus composition and humification index differs in the studied soils. "Free" fractions predominate in the composition of humic acids, their proportion reaching high and very high values. The surface horizons of soils are characterized by poor and very poor catalase enrichment. The morphological shape of the profile and the parameters of the humus state of the studied soils of the far Eastern marine reserve confirm the previously obtained data on climate changes and ocean transgression in the South-Western part of the Pacific coast of the region in the Holocene.

The Effect of Biohumus on Increasing of the Fertility Gray-Brown Soils in Mountainous Shirvan

The introduction of biohumus into degraded gray-brown soils contributed to the improvement of their agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The density of the arable horizon has decreased by 0.02–0.16 g/cm3, the content of water-resistant aggregates, providing an optimal water-air regime, has doubled. The introduction of biohumus can solve the problem of soil overconsolidation. The research results show that when biohumus is introduced into gray-brown soils in an amount of 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 m/ha, certain changes occur in the humus content according to its introduction, that is, an increase in the humus content in the arable soil layer compared to with the control option was −0.33, 0.51 and 0.62%. Regular use of biohumus will allow to suspend the process of soil dehumification and improve the conditions of the humus state of the soil, as well as the mineral nutrition of plants, leads to an increase in total nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, which participate and contribute to an increase in soil buffering and prevent the entry of toxic substances into plants.

Effect of Physical and Chemical Properties of Gray-Brown Soils Contaminated With Waste Aluminum Plant and Tube-Rolling Mill in Sumgait on Life Activity of Earthworms

Soil invertebrates are sensitive indicators of soil moisture. The occurrence of certain species can be an indicator of humidity or dryness of the habitat. Many researchers consider mesofauna to be one of the best bioindicators, since all actively moving species react to the slightest change in the environment by varying the number and violation of the ratios of trophic groups. To determine the main trends in soil dynamics using soil invertebrate gray-brown soils, such indicators as the quantitative ratio of individual groups, changes in the structure of the dominant representatives of the trophic structure, and distribution by soil profile are of primary importance. Special priority is given to studying the humus state of gray-brown soils associated with the pollution of natural biocenoses by technogenic waste.