Alternative Vine Management Programs for Fresh-Market Potatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Lemke ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Daniel J. Heider ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Tuber Skin ◽  
Mechanical Methods

AbstractEconomically solvent fresh-market potato production is predominantly dependent on the ability to efficiently produce consistent tuber quality and high yield, and the ability to meet first-to-market demand with early-season potatoes. Unfortunately, these two qualifiers often work against each other in terms of production management. In response, we studied integrated potato vine management programs that support timely early-season potato harvest. Vine management with a flail chopper, roller, and flame burner used alone or followed by diquat was evaluated when initiated 21 or 14 d prior to harvest in 2015 and 2016. Potato varieties included ‘Yukon Gold’ and ‘Dark Red Norland’. Potato leaf and stem management, as well as tuber skinning, stolon separation, grade, and yield were quantified. Among mechanical methods, potato leaf and stem management were poor when vines were rolled or mowed but better when flail chopped. In general, vine management and tuber skin set was better when treatments were initiated 21 d prior to harvest as opposed to 14 d. Vine management, tuber skin set, and yield were comparable when potato vines were flail chopped followed by flame burning and where diquat was applied twice, offering a viable program for smaller scale or organic production.

scholarly journals Late Leaf Spot Severity and Yield of New Peanut Breeding Lines and Cultivars Grown Without Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Jordan ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
William D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Width Measurements

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with resistance or tolerance to Cercospora arachidicola and/or Cercosporidium personatum, the causes of early and late leaf spot, respectively, are needed for organic production in the southeastern U.S. To determine the potential of new breeding lines for use in such production systems, field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, in 2014 and 2015 in which nine breeding lines and two cultivars, Georgia-06G and Georgia-12Y, were grown without foliar fungicide applications. In one set of trials, cultivar Georgia-12Y and most of the breeding lines evaluated had early season vigor ratings, early-season canopy width measurements, final plant populations, and pod yield that were greater than those of standard cultivar Georgia-06G. In those trials, final late leaf spot Florida scale ratings were lower and canopy reflectance measured as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), was higher all the breeding lines than those of Georgia-06G. In another set of trials, two of those same breeding lines had final late leaf spot ratings similar to those of Georgia-12Y in 2014, whereas in 2015, six of those breeding lines had final leaf spot ratings that were lower than those of Georgia-12Y. Yields were similar for Georgia-12Y and all the breeding lines in the Gibbs Farm trials. Across years and breeding lines at the Lang Farm, the relationship between visual estimates of defoliation and NDVI was described by a two sector piecewise regression with NDVI decreasing more rapidly with increasing defoliation above approximately 89%. The utility of NDVI for spot comparisons among breeding lines appears to be limited to situations where there are differences in defoliation. Georgia-12Y and multiple breeding lines evaluated show potential for use in situations such as organic production where acceptable fungicides available for seed treatment and leaf spot control are limited.

scholarly journals Integrating Conventional and Participatory Breeding Approaches in Assessment of Common Bean Varieties for Farmer Preffered Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Papias H. Binagwa ◽  
Magdalena William ◽  
Julius P. Mbiu ◽  
Eunice Zakayo ◽  
Shida M. Nestory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection

It is estimated that over 75% of rural households in Tanzania depend on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for daily subsistence. Recently, farmers have been increasingly looking for improved bean varieties which meet specific market demands characterized with yellow seed colour, early maturing and/or adapted to local agro-ecologies. Study focused on assessing the performance of bean varieties for agronomic traits through variety and environmental interactions by identifying high yielding, ealy maturing and market demand seed classes among the tested materials. For testing adaptability and stability, experiments were conducted in low to high altitudes for two consecutive years using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Eight common bean varieties KG98, Navy line 1, KATB9, SABRYT, KATB1, Lyamungu 85, JESCA and Calima Uyole were used. Absolute, matrix and pairwise ranking were used integratively for farmers’ and researcher’s assessment and selection. Participatory variety selection approach gave farmers an opportunity to assess and select varieties from a range of near finished materials in the breeding process. As part of the Farmers’ participatory variety selection process, seventeen participants as among the consumers 46% being women were selected to participate in a focused group discussion. Results revealed that, days to flowering, days to maturity and yield across the tested environments showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) as well as yield and diseases interactions for genotype, environment and season. Field data and farmers’ assessment data showed two varieties of KATB1 (yellow round) and KATB9 (red round) for better performance (high yield) and grain preference respectively. It showed that, early maturing; seed type and marketability varieties are highly demanded by bean farmers in Tanzania.

Reversion from organic to conventional agriculture: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Sahm ◽  
Jürn Sanders ◽  
Hiltrud Nieberg ◽  
Gesine Behrens ◽  
Heike Kuhnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Number ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

AbstractOver the past 10 years, the organic sector has expanded continuously in Europe due to policy support and a growing market demand for organic products. In line with this development, many farmers converted to organic farming each year. Nevertheless, the total number of organic farms has not increased constantly in Europe. In several countries, the absolute number of organic farms actually decreased in some years of the past decade. Some of the deregistered farmers gave up completely; others reverted to conventional agriculture. Against this background, this article aims (i) to give an overview of the extent of reversion to conventional agriculture in Europe based on statistics, (ii) to conceptualize the decision to revert in the form of a theoretical model, (iii) to compare farmers’ reasons to revert to conventional farming based on existing studies, and (iv) to identify further research needs. The importance of reversions to conventional agriculture is difficult to determine with the existing data, especially as in most cases it is not recorded as to what happened to the farms after deregistering from organic certification. The data nevertheless show that there are large fluctuations in the organic sector with many farmers entering and exiting each year. In order to reveal the farmers’ reasons for deregistering, various qualitative as well as quantitative surveys have been carried out already. For most farmers, the decision to revert is a result of different factors. Reasons for the reversion of their farms can be classified into economic motives, difficulties regarding certification and control, problems with organic production techniques as well as the farms’ macro environment. In most cases, however, economic reasons played a main role. Suggestions for organic legislation bodies, advisory services and policy makers are derived out of the findings. A deeper understanding of the influencing aspects regarding reversions and the necessary changes in the organic sector to avoid them should be an important objective of forthcoming research.

Application and Benefit Analysis of Facility Intelligent Control System

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 1384-1388
Author(s):  
Zhi Fu Xu ◽  
Li Ping Sun ◽  
Xiao Yan Shi ◽  
Hong Bao Ye ◽  
Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Control Object ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Intelligent Control System ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Technical Architecture

Intelligent control system of greenhouse based on a technical architecture, which combined with the GPRS/GSM wireless communication module and PLC. The system uses the microcomputer to collect information, GPRS/GSM to communication, PLC to control and other technologies. It realizes the comprehensive environmental dynamic optimization balance control of greenhouse group, temperature, light, water, fertilizer and other environmental factors as the control object. The system saves the cost of production and reduces the pollution of farmland, to achieve high yield, high quality, generate significant economic and ecological benefits. The system improves the level of agricultural production management informationization, automation, modernization of Zhejiang, and have low operation cost, synchronously promotes the agricultural synergism, farmer's income and rural development. Keywords: GPRS/GSM; PLC; facility agriculture, intelligent control, benefit analysis.

Treatment Thresholds for European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestations in Early-Season Fresh Market Sweet Corn

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale I. M. Riggs ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Larry C. Thetford
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

We examined the effect of varying thresholds for treatment of first generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), infestations in early-season fresh market sweet corn in eastern New York over a 3-year period. Seven treatment thresholds were compared: (1) 15% infested plants at whorl stage, 5% infested plants at tassel and silk stage, (2) 15% at whorl stage, 15% at tassel and silk stage, (3) 30% at whorl stage, 5% at tassel and silk stage, (4) 30% at whorl stage, 15% at tassel and silk, (5) 5% at tassel and silk stage, (6) 15% at tassel and silk stage, and (7) control (untreated). When thresholds were reached, permethrin was applied using an air-blast sprayer. Results indicated little difference in percentage marketable ears whether plants were treated or not at whorl stage, and the tassel stage threshold could be raised to 15% infested plants with no significant effect on percentage marketable ears. We found no difference in marketable yield among plots treated from one side or both sides with an air-blast sprayer.

Determinants of spring barley yield in a high-yield potential environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. KENNEDY ◽  
I. J. BINGHAM ◽  
J. H. SPINK
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Ear Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

SUMMARYThe literature suggests that grain number largely determines and as such limits yield in barley. Many of the reported studies were conducted in relatively low-yielding environments and it is unclear if grain number is also a limiting factor in high-yield potential climates. Nor is it known with certainty what physiological or morphological traits must be targeted in order to increase grain number. A detailed programme of assessments was carried out on replicated field plots of a two-row spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L. cvar Quench) at three sites (Carlow, Wexford and Cork) in Ireland from 2011 to 2013. Plots were managed for high yield potential as per current best farm practice. Destructive sampling and in-field assessments were carried out at approximately weekly intervals from emergence onwards to gather growth, development and yield component data. Across nine site/seasons, grand means of 8·52 t/ha for yield, 18 419 for grain number/m2 and 46·41 mg for mean grain weight were achieved. Grain number/m2 accounted for most of the variation in yield and ear number/m2 accounted for most of the variation in grain number/m2. Early-season maximum shoot number/m2 had little influence on harvest ear number/m2. The period over which final ear number was determined was more flexible than the literature suggests, where the phases of tiller production and senescence varied considerably. Significant post-anthesis re-tillering occurred following the initial phase of shoot mortality at two out of nine site/seasons, but this appeared to contribute little to yield. Yield was positively associated with the proportion of shoots surviving from an early season maximum to a mid-season minimum (R2 = 0·62). Shoot size and weight at the beginning of stem extension had the largest influence on shoot survival, indicating that crop condition and hence growth and development pre-stem extension may be more important for shoot survival than growth and development during the stem extension period. Achieving high shoot numbers of adequate size and weight at the beginning of stem extension may be an appropriate target for establishing a high-yield potential crop.

scholarly journals Organic farming in Nepal: A viable option for food security and agricultural sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Sovit Parajuli ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Sabita Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
External Input ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
The Government

Increasing use of agrochemicals, higher production cost and deterioration of ecosystem health have advocated the need to change the traditional and external input using agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. The article reviewed on general overview of organic agriculture in Nepal. The article aims to put light on the current scenario of the dawdling-paced organic agriculture and the options to revive the pesticide dominated conventional agriculture. Promotion of organic agriculture was first appeared as a priority in the10th Five Year Plan of the Government of Nepal. Now it has been embedded in the national agricultural policy. Organic agriculture provides benefits in terms of environmental protection, conservation of nonrenewable resources, improved food quality, improve health status and the reorientation of agriculture towards areas of market demand. Various institutions, individuals and farmers are engaging in organic farming. Nepal is exporting organic products to international markets. The adoption of organic agriculture increases agricultural production and improves soil health and consumer health and seems a better option in countries like ours where fortunately integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent. It is found to be viable option for better livelihood in the context of Nepal. Because the haphazard pesticide use has marred the conventional agriculture, all these contexts gesture this system to be scrutinize thoroughly and supplanted by organic farming system as a viable option towards food security and agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Participatory potato (solanum tuberosum l.) variety development in Ethiopia. A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Getachew E. Gemechu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Tigray Region

Participatory potato variety development includes the identification of the main components, participants and stakeholders, their roles, types of interactions and constraints identified in the system. Some research result indicate that, there is a less complex potato innovation system was observed at the plot site of Ethiopia and a more complex and dynamic system was observed in the case of Peru. Many Achievements were gained by participatory potato variety development in different part of Ethiopia. In southern Ethiopia, Umbulowach, Hawassa Zuria Wereda of Sidama Zone; Marachere variety was preferred by farmers for its excellent response in yield and other traits. In Tigray region of Atsbi woreda, from seven varieties three best performing varieties:  Jalene, Gera, and Gudene were selected for their disease resistance and other quality traits. In North-western Ethiopia, With aid of CASCAPE project in South Achefer, Burie and Jabitehenan Districts, Belete variety was selected for its superior yield, disease and insect tolerance; In West shewa, at Jeldu, Dendi, Wolmera and Degem district, both Farmers Field School (FFS) and Farmers research Group (FRG) were established and a chances were given Farmers to select potato clones suitable to their conditions based on late blight disease resistance and yield.  As    a result, farmer’s ranked as 1st, a potato clone CIP–392650.516 which is the highest yielder and late blight resistant among the tested clones); in Jimma area kersa (serbo), Seka Chekorsa and Dedo Districts, Farmers select Abalolarge 1 st, abateneh 2 nd and Gudane 3 rd as three high yielder variety and in Jimma and Illuababora zone area, variety “Guasa” was selected due to its earliness, high yield advantage and market demand.

scholarly journals Protected Culture Enhances Early Season Strawberry Fruit Yield and Quality in Southern California

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126D-1127
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Kirk Larson
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Field Production

Total and marketable yield, fruit size and fruit rot were evaluated for `Camarosa' and `Ventana' strawberries grown with or without protected culture in southern California in 2003 and 2004. In both years, bareroot transplants were established on 5 Oct. using standard “open field” production methods. Fifty-five days after transplanting, metal posts and arcs were positioned over portions of the field and covered with 0.0324-mm-thick clear polyethylene (Tufflite Thermal, Tyco Plastics, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.) to create “tunnel” structures 5 m wide, 25 m long, and 2.5 m high. Each tunnel covered three contiguous strawberry beds, and experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replications, with individual plots consisting of 20 plants. In 2003, early season (Jan.–1 Apr.) marketable yields in tunnels were 90% and 84% greater than outdoor culture for `Ventana' and `Camarosa', respectively. In 2004, use of tunnels resulted in a 140% marketable yield increase for `Ventana' and 62% for `Camarosa' (Jan.–31 Mar.); however, unusually high temperatures (38 °C) in April resulted in reduced yields in tunnels thereafter. In both years, increased early production coincided with highest fresh market fruit prices, resulting in $5700–7700 greater returns per-acre compared to open field production. For both cultivars, tunnel production resulted in 37% to 63% fewer non-marketable fruit due to less rain damage, better fruit shape, and decreased incidence of gray mold. For all treatments, fruit size decreased as the season progressed and was more pronounced in tunnels after April. Overall, these studies indicate that tunnels have potential for enhancing early-season production and profitability of strawberries in southern California.

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