scholarly journals Evaluation of Autosteer in Rough Terrain at Low Ground Speed for Commercial Wild Blueberry Harvesting

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Travis J. Esau ◽  
Craig B. MacEachern ◽  
Aitazaz A. Farooque ◽  
Qamar U. Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
System P ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Wild Blueberry ◽  
Significant Support ◽  
Small Working ◽  
Better Than

Assessment of Global Navigation Satellite Signal (GNSS) autosteering is a critical step in the progression towards full wild blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) harvester automation. The objective of the study was to analyze John Deere’s universal Auto-Trac 300 autosteer, 4640 display, and Starfire 6000 receiver with both the SF1 and SF3 signal levels for their pass-to-pass accuracy as well as how they compared versus a manual harvester operator. Incorporation of GNSS autosteer in wild blueberry harvesting has never been assessed as the slow harvester travel speeds and small working width caused the implementation to be too challenging. The results of this study concluded that there were no significant differences in pass-to-pass accuracy based on travel speeds of 0.31 m s−1, 0.45 m s−1, and 0.58 m s−1 (p = 0.174). Comparing the signal levels showed significantly greater accuracy of the SF3 system (p < 0.001), which yielded an absolute mean pass-to-pass accuracy 22.7 mm better than SF1. Neither the SF1 nor SF3 signal levels were able to reach the levels of accuracy advertised by the manufacturer. That said, both signal levels performed better than a manual operator (p < 0.001). This result serves to support the idea that in the absence of skilled operators, an autosteer system can provide significant support for new operators. Further, an autosteer system can allow any operator to focus more of their attention on operating the harvester head and properly filling storage bins. This will lead to higher quality berries with less debris and spoilage. The results of this study are encouraging and represent a significant step towards full harvester automation for the wild blueberry crop.

Application and Evaluation of a Manikin with a Multimedia System for Preclinical Dental Medicine Training (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jia Qing ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Good Alternative ◽  
Multimedia System ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
System P ◽  
Final Questionnaire ◽  
Crown Preparation ◽  
Medicine Education ◽  
Real Clinical Practice ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Preclinical Training

BACKGROUND Preclinical training on manikins is a key component of dental medicine education. Preclinical practice on traditional manikins and real clinical practice shows massive differences. Specifically, preclinical training on traditional manikins is inefficient. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe a manikin with a multimedia system and evaluate its effectiveness in preclinical dentistry training. METHODS A total of 159 students participated in this study. Amongst these students, 80 used traditional manikins (Group TM) for preclinical practices, including cavity preparation and full-crown preparation, and 79 used a manikin with a multimedia system (Group MM). The cavity preparation scores and full-crown preparation grades of the two groups were compared. The students and teachers completed a final questionnaire survey to evaluate their experience of preclinical practices using the manikin with a multimedia system. RESULTS Group MM performed better than Group TM in the preclinical practices of cavity preparation and full-crown preparation. The final questionnaire results indicated that students in Group MM were satisfied with the clarity, simulation, helpfulness in mastering operation points quickly and improvement in operation proficiency provided by the manikin with a multimedia system. The teachers were satisfied with the teaching effect of the manikin with a multimedia system and had a high opinion of the students’ mastery. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that manikins with a multimedia system are a good alternative traditional manikins in preclinical dentistry training.

scholarly journals NLOS Multipath Classification of GNSS Signal Correlation Output Using Machine Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Taro Suzuki ◽  
Yoshiharu Amano
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Signal Correlation

This paper proposes a method for detecting non-line-of-sight (NLOS) multipath, which causes large positioning errors in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). We use GNSS signal correlation output, which is the most primitive GNSS signal processing output, to detect NLOS multipath based on machine learning. The shape of the multi-correlator outputs is distorted due to the NLOS multipath. The features of the shape of the multi-correlator are used to discriminate the NLOS multipath. We implement two supervised learning methods, a support vector machine (SVM) and a neural network (NN), and compare their performance. In addition, we also propose an automated method of collecting training data for LOS and NLOS signals of machine learning. The evaluation of the proposed NLOS detection method in an urban environment confirmed that NN was better than SVM, and 97.7% of NLOS signals were correctly discriminated.

Effect of drought on ericoid mycorrhizae in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jeliazkova and D. Percival
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Wild Blueberry

To evaluate the influence of water exclusion on the mycorrhizal coloni zations in wild blueberry, and to examine the spatial distribution of mycorrhizae among roots of wild blueberry plants that were in both the vegetative and cropping stages of production, a randomized complete block design was used. The mycorrhizal coloniz a tions were equally distributed throughout upper and lower soil profiles in both stages of production. Nevertheless, soil moisture levels in water exclusion treatments were as much as 50% lower than the control, drought stress had no effect on mycorrhizal colonization levels or on any other of the measured responses. Root weight and volume decreased as soil depth increased from 0-7.5 to 7.5-15 cm. Key words:

scholarly journals Monitoring Aircraft Position Using EGNOS Data for the SBAS APV Approach to the Landing Procedure

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Krasuski ◽  
Damian Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Computational Strategy ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this paper is to present the problem of the implementation of the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) data for the processing of aircraft position determination. The main aim of the research is to develop a new computational strategy which might improve the performance of the EGNOS system in aviation, based on navigation solutions of an aircraft position, using several GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) onboard receivers. The results of an experimental test conducted by the Cessna 172 at EPDE (European Poland Deblin) (ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) code, N51°33.07’/E21°53.52’) aerodrome in Dęblin are presented and discussed in this paper. Two GNSS navigation receivers with the EGNOS positioning function for monitoring changes in the parameters of the aircraft position in real time during the landing phase were installed onboard a Cessna 172. Based on obtained research findings, it was discovered that the positioning accuracy was not higher than 2.1 m, and the integrity of positioning did not exceed 19 m. Moreover, the availability parameter was found to equal 1 (or 100%); also, no intervals in the continuity of the operation of the EGNOS system were recorded. In the paper, the results of the air test from Dęblin were compared with the parameters of positioning quality from the air test conducted in Chełm (ICAO code: EPCD, N51°04’57.8” E23°26’15”). In the air test in Chełm, the obtained parameters of EGNOS quality positioning were: better than 4.9 m for accuracy, less than 35.5 m for integrity, 100% for availability, and no breaks in continuity. Based on the results of the air tests in Dęblin and Chełm, it was concluded that the parameters of the EGNOS positioning quality in aviation for the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) APV (Approach to Vertical guidance) procedure were satisfied in accordance with the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) requirements. The presented research method can be utilized in the SBAS APV landing procedure in Polish aviation. In this paper, the results of PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision) are presented and compared to the two air tests in Dęblin and Chełm. The maximum results of PDOP amounted to 1.4 in the air test in Dęblin, whereas they equaled 4.0 in the air test in Chełm. The paper also shows how the EGNOS system improved the aircraft position in relation to the only GPS solution. In this context, the EGNOS system improved the aircraft position from about 78% to 95% for each ellipsoidal coordinate axis.

scholarly journals Elevated effective dimension in tree-like nanomagnetic Cayley structures

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Saccone ◽  
Kevin Hofhuis ◽  
David Bracher ◽  
Armin Kleibert ◽  
Sebastiaan van Dijken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Glass ◽  
Glass System ◽  
Effective Dimension ◽  
System P ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Spin Glass System

Tree like interaction structures increase effective dimension in this significant step towards the first ever artificial spin glass system.

Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Adult Movement, Activity, and Oviposition Behavior in Maine Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium; Ericales: Ericaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1623-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A Drummond ◽  
Elissa Ballman ◽  
Judith A Collins
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Wild Blueberry

Abstract Over a period of 5 yr (2012–2016), we conducted laboratory and field studies on activity, movement, and response to trap placement of adult Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton, fields in Maine. When measuring temporal patterns in fruit infestation, we found that D. suzukii females are most active in the morning and that they are 10 times more likely to lay eggs in blueberries at the top of the plant canopy compared with berries located in the lower part of the bush. Flies were found to be more abundant in fruit-bearing (crop) fields compared with pruned (vegetative) fields based on trap capture of adults. They are also most abundant along edges of fields compared with interiors. Trap efficiency is significantly better in traps 1.2 m above the ground and above the crop canopy of this low-growing crop plant than within the crop canopy. Three experiments involving the marking of laboratory-reared flies with fluorescent marker, their release, and capture with traps along a grid in fields suggest that: 1) fluorescent markers do not affect the distance moved of marked flies, 2) dispersal rates are not different between sexes, 3) there is little difference in the dispersal pattern through pruned fields and fruit-bearing fields, and 4) flies disperse at a low rate of 0.1–30 m per day, with an average of 5 m per day, but that long-distance dispersal over 1–2 km is feasible based on statistical model extrapolation.

Seasonal growth dynamics and carbon allocation of the wild blueberry plant (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
David Percival ◽  
Lindsay J. Hainstock ◽  
Jean-Pierre Privé
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Wild Blueberry

Kaur, J., Percival, D., Hainstock, L. J. and Privé, J.-P. 2012. Seasonal growth dynamics and carbon allocation of the wild blueberry plant ( Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1145–1154. Field studies were conducted at the Wild Blueberry Research Station, Debert, NS, to examine the carbon allocation dynamics within the wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). This was achieved with biweekly measurements of dry weight, soluble sugar and starch levels of the rhizomes, roots, stems/leaves and berries of plants in the vegetative (i.e., sprout phase) and cropping phases of production. Non-structural carbohydrate levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Growth parameters included phenology, stem height, dry weights of the above-ground vegetation (stems and leaves), berries, rhizomes and roots. Interestingly, root growth was observed prior to upright shoot emergence and dry weight for rhizome remained higher compared with stems and leaves. The rhizomes acted as a carbohydrate source during stem and root growth. The developing berry crop appeared to be a strong sink for photo-assimilates, as berries were found to import sucrose and convert it to fructose and glucose during maturation, and HPLC studies further confirmed the increasing levels of fructose and glucose. Given the phenology of the wild blueberry, the results exemplify the importance of the rhizomes as a strong carbohydrate source, especially in the early stages of a growing season when the carbohydrate production is limited.

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