scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus spp. on Lettuce Growth and Root Associated Bacterial Community in a Small-Scale Aquaponics System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Nasser Kasozi ◽  
Horst Kaiser ◽  
Brendan Wilhelmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
The Mean

The integration of probiotics in aquaponics systems is a strategy for mitigating environmental impacts and for promoting sustainable agriculture. In order to understand the role of probiotics, we investigated the effect of a commercial probiotic mixture of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under deep-water culture integrated with Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). We determined plant growth, water quality parameters, and leaf mineral analysis, and assessed the influence of a probiotic mixture on the microbiota. Bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared to the control systems, the addition of the probiotic Bacillus significantly increased the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in deep water culture solution, which contributed to improved lettuce growth. In both the growth trials, the Fv/Fm, the mean shoot dry weight, and the mean fresh weight of the harvested shoots from the Bacillus treatment were significantly higher than those observed for the control plants. Higher concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc in the lettuce leaves were found in systems that received the Bacillus. Although differences were observed at the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were predominant in both the Bacillus-treatment and the control systems. At the genus level, however, the communities present in the two types of systems were heterogeneous with Bacillus-treated systems, containing significantly higher numbers of Chryseobacterium, Bacillus, Nitrospira, Polynucleobacter, and Thermomonas. The results indicate that Bacillus supplementation can effectively alleviate nutrient deficiencies, improve water quality, and modify the composition of bacterial communities in aquaponics systems.

scholarly journals The Growth of Leaf Lettuce and Bacterial Communities in a Closed Aquaponics System with Catfish

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamane ◽  
Yuuki Kimura ◽  
Keita Takahashi ◽  
Isamu Maeda ◽  
Masayuki Iigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Production Period

Aquaponics is a circulating and sustainable system that combines aquaculture and hydroponics and forms a symbiotic relationship between fish, plants, and microorganisms. We hypothesized that feed alone could support plant growth, but the symbiosis with fish adds some beneficial effects on plant growth in aquaponics. In this study, we created three closed culture systems, namely, aquaponics, hydroponics without nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and aquaculture, and added the same amount of feed containing N and P to all the treatments in order to test the hypothesis. Accumulation of NO3− and PO43− was alleviated in aquaponics and hydroponics as a result of plant uptake. Lettuce plants grown in aquaponics grew vigorously until 2 weeks and contained a constant level of N in plants throughout the production period, whereas those in hydroponics grew slowly in the early stage and then vigorously after 2 weeks with a late increment of N concentration. These results suggest that catfish help with the faster decomposition of the feed, but, in hydroponics, feed can be slowly dissolved and decomposed owing to the absence of the fish. The bacterial community structures of the culture solution were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. At the class level, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were the major microbial groups in the solutions. Aquaponics prevented the pollution of tank solution and maintained a higher water quality compared with hydroponics and aquaculture, suggesting that aquaponics is a more sustainable cultivation system even in a small-scale system.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF HYDROPON INSTALLATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Ivan Sevostianov ◽  
Oleksandr Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Static Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Water Nutrients

Hydroponics is a promising area of development of modern agriculture, which provides long-term cultivation of basic vegetables and greenery in small areas with minimal consumption of water and fertilizers. This technology allows you to get a fairly large harvest of fresh vegetables within large cities, including office and residential premises. Entrepreneurs and researchers are paying close attention to developing more efficient hydroponics methods and equipment to implement them in order to reduce usable space, save water, nutrients and increase air supply and plant capacity. Several hydroponics systems are known: static solution culture, continuous flow solution (NFT) culture, deep water culture, passive irrigation, underwater and drainage irrigation systems, wastewater drainage system, deep-water fertilized culture, rotary system, aeroponics, wick system. The first three of the above methods were used commercially and industrially. The system of static culture solution does not provide the necessary saturation of plant roots with air. With the implementation of the method of continuous solution culture, minor buffering is possible due to interruptions in the flow (power outage), flooding of water in some canals, in addition, there are restrictions on the maximum length of canals (12 - 15 m). The system of deep-water culture on an industrial scale is used mainly for growing lettuce. Other mentioned systems are not efficient enough in terms of commercial use. The improved hydroponic installations presented in the article were developed taking into account the following requirements: universality of use (possibility of growing different types of plants); harmonization of optimal supply of crops with water, nutrients, light and air; maximum use of space; increasing the area for each plant and maintaining its stems and shoots. Also in the article the equation for definition of the basic parameters of the developed installations is given.

scholarly journals A Study of the Effectiveness of Hydroponic Growing Variables on Lactuca sativa var. capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Zajkowski ◽  
Whitney Short
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
System Variables

Hydroponic growing in controlled environment horticulture has been an increasingly used method of produce production around the world. Its many methods integrate sustainability and growth efficiency through the control of climatic and system variables. This study investigated control variables that would produce and market a more effective lettuce (lactuca sativa. var capitata) crop. Three objectives determined: The comparison between the dimensions of deep water culture systems and the lettuce harvesting length, Consumer and ICP spectrometry recognition of different post-harvest hydroponic nutrient concentration, and the preference of lettuce grown in different hydroponic nutrient concentrations. Through growing trials and consumer tests, it was found that the 14 gallon (102 x 50.8 x 66cm) size deep water culture system also produced lettuce with larger harvest-length; spectrometry recognition of lettuce crops grown in different nutrient levels was effective with 7 of the 12 nutrients elements showing sufficient results of concentration in concentrated lettuce. Consumer identification recognition wasn’t successful with 40% of consumers unable to recognize any nutrient concentration level compared to two other varieties. Representing a diverse market audience, of consumers determined that variety 127 (50% regular concentration) was preferred as significant market influence of purchase. This research will impact future studies in effective small scale hydroponic growing and growers looking to expand knowledge of beneficial growth.

scholarly journals Potential applications of next generation DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons in microbial water quality monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1962-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vierheilig ◽  
D. Savio ◽  
R. E. Ley ◽  
R. L. Mach ◽  
A. H. Farnleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Next Generation Dna Sequencing

The applicability of next generation DNA sequencing (NGS) methods for water quality assessment has so far not been broadly investigated. This study set out to evaluate the potential of an NGS-based approach in a complex catchment with importance for drinking water abstraction. In this multi-compartment investigation, total bacterial communities in water, faeces, soil, and sediment samples were investigated by 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons to assess the capabilities of this NGS method for (i) the development and evaluation of environmental molecular diagnostics, (ii) direct screening of the bulk bacterial communities, and (iii) the detection of faecal pollution in water. Results indicate that NGS methods can highlight potential target populations for diagnostics and will prove useful for the evaluation of existing and the development of novel DNA-based detection methods in the field of water microbiology. The used approach allowed unveiling of dominant bacterial populations but failed to detect populations with low abundances such as faecal indicators in surface waters. In combination with metadata, NGS data will also allow the identification of drivers of bacterial community composition during water treatment and distribution, highlighting the power of this approach for monitoring of bacterial regrowth and contamination in technical systems.

Effects of geographic location and water quality on bacterial communities in full-scale biofilters across North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Ma ◽  
Timothy M LaPara ◽  
Ashley N. Evans ◽  
Raymond M Hozalski
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
North America ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT Spatial patterns of bacterial community composition often follow a distance–decay relationship in which community dissimilarity increases with geographic distance. Such a relationship has been commonly observed in natural environments, but less so in engineered environments. In this study, bacterial abundance and community composition in filter media samples (n = 57) from full-scale rapid biofilters at 14 water treatment facilities across North America were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Bacteria were abundant on the filter media (108.8±0.3 to 1010.7±0.2 16S rRNA gene copies/cm3 bed volume) and the bacterial communities were highly diverse (Shannon index: 5.3 ± 0.1 to 8.4 ± 0.0). Significant inter-filter variations in bacterial community composition were observed, with weighted UniFrac dissimilarity values following a weak but highly significant distance–decay relationship (z = 0.0057 ± 0.0006; P = 1.8 × 10−22). Approximately 50% of the variance in bacterial community composition was explained by the water quality parameters measured at the time of media sample collection (i.e. pH, temperature and dissolved organic carbon concentration). Overall, this study suggested that the microbiomes of biofilters are primarily shaped by geographic location and local water quality conditions but the influence of these factors on the microbiomes is tempered by filter design and operating conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Deep Water Culture (DWC) hydroponic nutrient solution level control systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1108 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
A Nursyahid ◽  
T A Setyawan ◽  
K Sa’diyah ◽  
E D Wardihani ◽  
H Helmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Water Culture

scholarly journals Terrestrial Runoff Controls the Bacterial Community Composition of Biofilms along a Water Quality Gradient in the Great Barrier Reef

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 7786-7791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Witt ◽  
Christian Wild ◽  
Sven Uthicke
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Terrestrial Runoff ◽  
Microbial Biofilms

ABSTRACT16S rRNA gene molecular analysis elucidated the spatiotemporal distribution of bacterial biofilm communities along a water quality gradient. Multivariate statistics indicated that terrestrial runoff, in particular dissolved organic carbon and chlorophyllaconcentrations, induced shifts of specific bacterial communities between locations and seasons, suggesting microbial biofilms could be suitable bioindicators for water quality.

Quantification of small-scale heterogeneity in aquatic aminopeptidase activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
BM Gaas ◽  
JW Ammerman
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
Sequential Samples ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is one of the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of peptides, and is sometimes used to indicate potential nitrogen limitation in microbes. Small-scale variability has the potential to confound interpretation of underlying patterns in LAP activity in time or space. An automated flow-injection analysis instrument was used to address the small-scale variability of LAP activity within contiguous regions of the Hudson River plume (New Jersey, USA). LAP activity had a coefficient of variation (CV) of ca. 0.5 with occasional values above 1.0. The mean CVs for other biological parameters—chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrate concentration—were similar, and were much lower for salinity. LAP activity changed by an average of 35 nmol l-1 h-1 at different salinities, and variations in LAP activity were higher crossing region boundaries than within a region. Differences in LAP activity were ±100 nmol l-1 h-1 between sequential samples spaced <10 m apart. Variogram analysis indicated an inherent spatial variability of 52 nmol l-1 h-1 throughout the study area. Large changes in LAP activity were often associated with small changes in salinity and chlorophyll fluorescence, and were sensitive to the sampling frequency. This study concludes that LAP measurements in a sample could realistically be expected to range from zero to twice the average, and changes between areas or times should be at least 2-fold to have some degree of confidence that apparent patterns (or lack thereof) in activity are real.

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