scholarly journals Yield Comparisons between Cotton Variety Xin Nong Mian 1 and Its Transgenic ScALDH21 Lines under Different Water Deficiencies in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Honglan Yang ◽  
Tohir A. Bozorov ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Jiancheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Cotton Variety ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Water scarcity is the major limiting factor for oasis-desert agricultural production of cotton. It is necessary to improve cotton for drought tolerance and minimize drought-related crop losses, and the transgenic approach is efficient for cotton improvement. In order to evaluate the value of ScALDH21 transgenic cotton (G.hirsutum L.), it was tested in the main cotton region of south Xinjiang, in an environment of extreme drought around the desert. Transgenic cotton, overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ScALDH21) from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis in cotton variety Xin Nong Mian 1, was field-tested under six treatments based on three irrigation schedules and two irrigation levels (full (FI) and deficit (DI) irrigation) as follows: root zone model-simulated forecast irrigation (F) (FFI and FDI), soil moisture sensor-based irrigation (S) (SFI and SDI), and flood irrigation based on experience estimates (E) (EFI and EDI) to evaluate growth and yield performances. The results revealed that plant height and leaf area increased significantly in ScALDH21-transgenic cotton genotypes under all treatments. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency were not significantly highly in transgenic lines compared to non-transgenic plants (NT). However, transgenic lines showed significantly improved yield and superior fiber quality than NT plants regardless of irrigation. The results demonstrate that ScALDH21-transgenic lines were excellent compared to NT plants under different water deficiency conditions. The study also provides guidelines for optimal irrigation protocol and minimum water requirements for the use of the ScALDH21-transgenic cotton lines in arid zones.

Enhancing Cotton Fiber Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis by Manipulating Fructokinase Activity

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Granot ◽  
Scott Holaday ◽  
Randy D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Fiber Elongation ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Transgenic Lines

a. Objectives (a) Identification and characterization of the cotton fiber FRKs; (b) Generating transgenic cotton plants overproducing either substrate inhibited tomato FRK or tomato FRK without substrate inhibition; (c) Generating transgenic cotton plants with RNAi suppression of fiber expressed FRKs; (d) Generating Arabidopsis plants that over express FRK1, FRK2, or both genes, as additional means to assess the contribution of FRK to cellulose synthesis and biomass production.   b. Background to the topic: Cellulose synthesis and fiber elongation are dependent on sugar metabolism. Previous results suggested that FRKs (fructokinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate fructose) are major players in sugar metabolism and cellulose synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber elongation and cellulose synthesis in cotton plants. Accordinlgy, the objectives of this research were:   c. Major conclusions and achievements: Two cotton FRKs expressed in fibers, GhFRK2 and GhFRK3, were cloned and characterized. We found that GhFRK2 enzyme is located in the cytosol and GhFRK3 is located within plastids. Both enzymes enable growth on fructose (but not on glucose) of hexose kinase deficient yeast strain, confirming the fructokinase activity of the cloned genes. RNAi constructs with each gene were prepared and sent to the US collaborator to generate cotton plants with RNAi suppression of these genes.   To examine the effect of FRKs using Arabidopsis plants we generated transgenic plants expressing either LeFRK1 or LeFRK2 at high level. No visible phenotype has been observed. Yet, plants expressing both genes simultaneously are being created and will be tested.   To test our hypothesis that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber cellulose synthesis, we generated twenty independent transgenic cotton plant lines overexpressing Lycopersicon (Le) FRK1. Transgene expression was high in leaves and moderate in developing fiber, but enhanced FRK activity in fibers was inconsistent between experiments. Some lines exhibited a 9-11% enhancement of fiber length or strength, but only one line tested had consistent improvement in fiber strength that correlated with elevated FRK activity in the fibers. However, in one experiment, seed cotton mass was improved in all transgenic lines and correlated with enhanced FRK activity in fibers. When greenhouse plants were subjected to severe drought during flowering and boll development, no genotypic differences in fiber quality were noted. Seed cotton mass was improved for two transgenic lines but did not correlate with fiber FRK activity. We conclude that LeFRK1 over-expression in fibers has only a small effect on fiber quality, and any positive effects depend on optimum conditions. The improvement in productivity for greenhouse plants may have been due to better structural development of the water-conducting tissue (xylem) of the stem, since stem diameters were larger for some lines and the activity of FRK in the outer xylem greater than observed for wild-type plants. We are testing this idea and developing other transgenic cotton plants to understand the roles of FRK in fiber and xylem development. We see the potential to develop a cotton plant with improved stem strength and productivity under drought for windy, semi-arid regions where cotton is grown.   d. Implications, scientific and agricultural: FRKs are probably bottle neck enzymes for biomass and wood synthesis and their increased expression has the potential to enhance wood and biomass production, not only in cotton plants but also in other feed and energy renewable plants.

scholarly journals Water and Nitrogen Productivity of Potato Growth in Desert Areas under Low-Discharge Drip Irrigation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Trifonov ◽  
Naftali Lazarovitch ◽  
Gilboa Arye
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potato Growth

Narrow profit margins, resource conservation issues and environmental concerns are the main driving forces to improve fertilizer uptake, especially for potatoes. Potatoes are a high value crop with a shallow, inefficient root system and high fertilizer rate requirements. Of all essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is often limiting to potato production. A major concern in potato production is to minimize N leaching from the root zone. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the potato crop characteristics under drip irrigation with low-discharge (0.6 L h−1) and to determine the optimal combination of irrigation (40, 60, 80, and 100%) and fertigation (0, 50, and 100%) doses. In this study, the 80% (438.6 mm) irrigation dose and a 50% (50 mg N L−1) fertigation dose (W80%F50%) showed that these doses are sufficient for optimal potato yield (about 40 ton ha−1) in conjunction with water and fertilizer savings. Moreover, this treatment did not exhibit any qualitative changes in the potato tuber compared to the 100% treatments. When considering water productivity and yield, one may select a harsher irrigation regime if the available agricultural soils are not a limiting factor. Thus, higher yields can be obtained with lower irrigation and fertigation doses and a larger area.

The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM): A procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Carsel ◽  
Lee A. Mulkey ◽  
Matthew N. Lorber ◽  
Leland B. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

scholarly journals Vadose zone infiltration and its implication for groundwater contamination risk assessment in Siloam village, Limpopo province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Arrey ◽  
John O. Odiyo ◽  
Rachel Makungo ◽  
Milton Kataka
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Moisture Fluxes

Risk assessment methods and approaches are useful for environmental planning and decision-making when dealing with risk identification and reduction in a changing global context. This is particularly true for arid and semi-arid regions, such as Siloam village, Limpopo province, South Africa, where it is a common practice to apply fertilisers to the soil during planting season for increasing crop yield. Estimates of vadose zone soil moisture fluxes were used to determine the likelihood of applied agricultural fertilisers to reach the groundwater table. This study combines field observations in the study area and a one-dimensional numerical model to explore the moisture fluxes and their implications for contaminant transport in the vadose zone. Model simulations revealed a lag time of 117 days at topsoil and 913 days beyond the root zone for deep percolation of soluble non-reactive inorganic and organic additives to reach the groundwater table. Preliminary results of this study suggest that the vadose zone is permeable and the groundwater is vulnerable to contamination within the evaluated time scale. Given that disaster risks are inevitable, reasonable methods for control and mitigation of agricultural impacts at this site are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mining and Identification of Protein Kinase Gene Family Impacts Salinity Stress Tolerance in Highly Dense Genetic Map Developed from Interspecific Cross between G. hirsutum L. and G. darwinii G. Watt

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
Zhongli Zhou ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Xiaoyan Cai ◽  
Majid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Cotton Species

Abiotic stress is an important limiting factor in crop growth and yield around the world. Owing to the continued genetic erosion of the upland cotton germplasm due to intense selection and inbreeding, attention has shifted towards wild cotton progenitors which offer unique traits that can be introgressed into the cultivated cotton to improve their genetic performance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Pkinase gene family in a previously developed genetic map of the F2 population derived from a cross between two cotton species: Gossypium hirsutum (CCRI 12-4) and Gossypium darwinii (5-7). Based on phylogenetic analysis, Pkinase (PF00069) was found to be the dominant domain with 151 genes in three cotton species, categorized into 13 subfamilies. Structure analysis of G. hirsutum genes showed that a greater percentage of genes and their exons were highly conserved within the group. Syntenic analysis of gene blocks revealed 99 duplicated genes among G. hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. Most of the genes were duplicated in segmental pattern. Expression pattern analysis showed that the Pkinase gene family possessed species-level variation in induction to salinity and G. darwinii had higher expression levels as compared to G. hirsutum. Based on RNA sequence analysis and preliminary RT-qPCR verification, we hypothesized that the Pkinase gene family, regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, might play key roles in salt stress tolerance. These findings inferred comprehensive information on possible structure and function of Pkinase gene family in cotton under salt stress.

scholarly journals Irrigation scheduling techniques and irrigation frequency on capsicum growth and yield

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Leandro Candido Gordin ◽  
Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida ◽  
José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽  
Ênio Farias de França e Silva ◽  
Alexsandro Claudio Dos Santos Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Sensors ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

The present study aimed to evaluate different irrigation scheduling strategies on capsicum growth and yield inprotected environment. The experiment was carried out at the Northeastern of Brazil. Five irrigation scheduling techniques to define water depth (weighing lysimeter, Hargreaves-Samani equation, Piché evaporimeter, tensiometer and soil moisture sensor) andtwo application frequencies (F1-once a day and F2-alternating frequency) were tested. A completely randomized factorial design experiment was installed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight replicates. It was observed that the variables stem diameter and leaf area index were influenced by the irrigation scheduling techniques, and treatments based on Hargreaves-Samani and lysimeter scheduling methods led to the lowest values. Fruit biometric parameters were significantly affected only by the Hargreaves-Samani treatment. It can be concluded that both irrigation scheduling techniques and frequencies influenced capsicum growth and yield. Furthermore, irrigation management techniques based on soil sensors caused the highest yields.

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