scholarly journals The Effect of Biochar-Based Organic Amendments on the Structure of Soil Bacterial Community and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽  
Tomasz Piechota ◽  
Alicja Niewiadomska ◽  
Adam Kamiński ◽  
Dariusz Kayzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

The taxonomic and functional diversity of bacteria in seven different experimental variants applied to soil under a maize plantation was determined by means of next-generation sequencing and biochemical methods. The aim of the study was to discover differences in the structure of bacteria and the level of soil enzymatic activity (BIF—biochemical index of fertility) after the application of a biofertiliser made of lignocellulosic substrate and biochar containing various microorganisms (algae, mycorrhizal fungi of the Glomus genus or the consortium of Bacillus sp. bacteria). The chemical composition and yield of crops was a measurable indicator of the effectiveness of the fertilisers. The biofertilisers influenced both the structure and the percentage share of individual bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU). The cultivation of maize also modified qualitative and quantitative changes in the soil bacterial microbiome. A canonical variate analysis (CVA) showed that the soil pH exhibited a minimal positive correlation with the soil enzymatic activity and selected plant parameters, with the exception of the biofertiliser variant with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). Moreover, the AM biofertiliser significantly increased the BIF value, the yield of maize seeds and the starch content in the plants. The comprehensive nature of the research allowed for a deepening and systematization of the existing knowledge on the influence of biochar with the addition of selected microorganisms on the biochemical parameters of the soil and the bacterial biodiversity of the soil environment. Additionally, the inclusion of the chemical, sanitary composition and yield of maize in the research brought a measurable view of the changes taking place in the soil and plant environment under the influence of the discussed factor. Apart from the agronomic aspect (integrated crop cultivation—Directive 2009/128/EC) of our study, it was also closely related to environmental protection, as it proved that biochar-based biofertilisers could be an alternative to mineral fertilisation.

ASSESSMENT OF GRAY FOREST SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Impact

On the grey forest medium-loamy soil of Vladimir Opolye region we have studied the impact of various methods of basic cultivation and fertilizer systems on the activity of redox and hydrolytic enzymes: ure-ase (nitrogen cycle), invertase (carbon cycle), phosphatase (phosphorus cycle), and catalase, involved in the cycle of carbon in the soil. The second humus horizon with capacity of 19-24cm was found at the depth of 20 - 21 cm on the experimental field. We have studied three modes of basic soil cultivation: an-nual shallow flat plowing (6-8 cm), annual deep flat plowing (20-22 cm), and annual moldboard plowing (20-22 cm) with normal and intensive application of fertilizers. The most enzymatically active layer is 0-20 cm. No relevant difference has been found in the level of enzymes activity between variants of basic soil treatment. Activity of enzymes increases with application of fertilizers on the intensive background. In agrogenic soils, soil enzymatic activity is lower on average by 16-22% compared to the soil of the res-ervoir. The biggest negative transformation of activity has been observed at the urease enzyme (up to 50%). With annual moldboard plowing on the intensive backgroung, enzyme activity has been close to the natural level – 98.4%. Catalise and invertase activity in this case were found to be higher (105 and 116% respectively) than that of natural analogues. Activity of enzymes increases with intensive application of fertilizers as compared with normal background. This is particularly evident with 6-8cm deep beardless plowing and 20-22cm deep moldboard plowing. In general, the obtained biochemical indicators charac-terize the highest environmental sustainability of this variation within our research.

scholarly journals Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Jabborova ◽  
Kannepalli Annapurna ◽  
Sangeeta Paul ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Hosam A. Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Spinach Plant

Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth, improve soil properties, and maintain microbial activity. The effects of biochar and AMF on plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities were studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar and AMF on the growth of spinach. Four treatments, a T1 control (soil without biochar), T2 biochar alone, T3 AMF alone, and T4 biochar and AMF together, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The biochar alone had a positive effect on the growth of spinach, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities. It significantly increased the plant growth parameters, such as the shoot length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The root morphological traits, plant physiological attributes, and soil enzymatic activities were significantly enhanced with the biochar alone compared with the control. However, the combination of biochar and AMF had a greater impact on the increase in plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities compared with the other treatments. The results suggested that the combined biochar and AMF led to the highest levels of spinach plant growth, microbial biomass, and soil enzymatic activity.

Organic amendments increase phylogenetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in acid soil contaminated by trace elements

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Mar Montiel-Rozas ◽  
Álvaro López-García ◽  
Rasmus Kjøller ◽  
Engracia Madejón ◽  
Søren Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES RESPONSE TO COPPER AND MOLYBDENUM POLLUTION IN THE VICINITY OF ZANGEZUR COPPER AND MOLYBDENUM COMBINE, ARMENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3 (253)) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
K.A. Ghazaryan ◽  
H.S. Movsesyan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

The aim of this study was to define a relationship between heavy metal (Cu, Mo) pollution of soil and various extracellular enzyme activities. Six enzymatic activities involved in cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur (β-glucosidase, chitinase, leucine-aminopeptidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and arylsulphatase) as well as microbial biomass were determined in soil samples collected in the surroundings of Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine. The investigations showed that pollution of soil with copper and molybdenum led to a decrease in microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activity, which in turn had a negative impact on cycles of chemical elements, in particular C, P, N and S. This gives reason to conclude that the changes in soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity may act as indicators of soil biological activity and quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Pesticides on Enzymatic Activity in Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Maria- Mihaela MICUȚI ◽  
Liliana BĂDULESCU ◽  
Florentina ISRAEL-ROMING
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

The focus of this article is to provide informations about soil enzymatic activity as a biological indicator for impacts of pesticides on soils. In this experiment, an ecological soil was treated with two types of fungicide (Ridomil Gold and Bravo 500) and two of insecticides (Mospilan 20SG and Vertimec 1.8% EC). The pesticides were assessed for their effect on different enzymatic activities. They were administrated over a 28 days period and the samples of soil were taken once every 7 days and analyzed in the laboratory. For each sample was determined the enzymatic activity, pH, humidity. The enzymatic activity was assessed using colorimetrical methods. Enzymes chosen for this study were cellulase, amylase, xylanase, urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase. Results shown that the enzymatic activity can increase or decrease when the soil was treated with the fungicides and insecticides chosen for this experiment.

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