scholarly journals Effect of Biochar on Soil CO2 Fluxes from Agricultural Field Experiments in Russian Far East

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mariia A. Bovsun ◽  
Simona Castaldi ◽  
Olga V. Nesterova ◽  
Viktoriia. A. Semal ◽  
Nikolay A. Sakara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Co2 Flow

Agricultural soils are a major source of greenhouse gases. Biochar is a soil improver and, when applied to the soil, sequesters carbon. However, a different combination of soil and climatic conditions and biochar leads to different research results. In this research, the effects of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 biochar application to clay soils on the CO2 flow in field experiments along two cropping seasons in the Russian Far East were investigated. Data showed that biochar significantly reduces the cumulative flow of soil CO2, compared with untreated field plots. In 2018, the greatest reduction in soil CO2 emissions (28.2%) with 3 kg/m2 of biochar was obtained, while in 2019, the greatest decrease in the cumulative CO2 flow at the application dose of 1 kg/m2 (57.7%) was recorded. A correlation between a decrease in the value of the cumulative CO2 flux and an increase in the biomass grown in the studied areas of agricultural crops during the season of 2018 was found.

Effect of Biochar on Soil CO2 Fluxes from Agricultural Field Experiments in Russian Far East: A Recent Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
M. A. Bovsun ◽  
S. Castaldi ◽  
O. V. Nesterova ◽  
V. A. Semal ◽  
N. A. Sakara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil Co2

CO2 flux measurements in Russian Far East tundra using eddy covariance and closed chamber techniques

Tellus B ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. ZAMOLODCHIKOV ◽  
D. V. KARELIN ◽  
A. I. IVASCHENKO ◽  
W. C. OECHEL ◽  
S. J. HASTINGS
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Flux Measurements

scholarly journals The effect on nitrogen oxide emission from agricultural soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09014
Author(s):  
Yulia Kolesnikova ◽  
Viktoriia Semal ◽  
Оlga Nesterova ◽  
Simona Castaldi ◽  
Mariya Bovsun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The study investigates the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide emission in Endoargic Anthrosols in the southern territory of the Russian Far East. Biochar (bio-charcoal) was applied in the amounts of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers to drained and drain-free fields during the vegetation season, and the five-gas analyzer G2508 (Picarro) was used. Cumulative flows of N2O were estimated. The analysis revealed that biochar reduces the emissions and the cumulative flow of nitrous oxide. The higher the dose of biochar, the lower the emission and cumulative flows of nitrous oxide, regardless of a drainage system. Biochar (1 kg/m2) reduced the cumulative N2O flow from the soil by 52.2% throughout the experiment conducted, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 allowed for 97.8% reduction. The study found that organic and mineral fertilizers can be effectively used in combination with biochar, as N2O emission from the soil with mineral fertilizers is significantly higher than from the soil with organic fertilizers. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with organic fertilizers reduces N2O emission by 53.7%, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 can reduce emissions by 88.9%. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with mineral fertilizers reduced the flow of N2O by 17.5%, while a 3 kg/m2 dose of biochar used with mineral fertilizers reduced the emission by 85.3%.

Testing for soil carbon saturation behavior in agricultural soils receiving long-term manure amendments

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Feng ◽  
M. Xu ◽  
M. Fan ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
J. J. Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Carbon Saturation ◽  
Manure Amendments

Feng, W., Xu, M., Fan, M., Malhi, S. S., Schoenau, J. J., Six, J. and Plante, A. F. 2014. Testing for soil carbon saturation behavior in agricultural soils receiving long-term manure amendments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 281–294. Agricultural soils are typically depleted in soil organic matter compared with their undisturbed counterparts, thus reducing their fertility. Organic amendments, particularly manures, provide the opportunity to restore soil organic matter stocks, improve soil fertility and potentially sequester atmospheric carbon (C). The application of the soil C saturation theory can help identify soils with large C storage potentials. The goal of this study was to test whether soil C saturation can be observed in various soil types in agricultural ecosystems receiving long-term manure amendments. Seven long-term agricultural field experiments from China and Canada were selected for this study. Manure amendments increased C concentrations in bulk soil, particulate organic matter+sand, and silt+clay fractions in all the experiments. The increase in C concentrations of silt+clay did not fit the asymptotic regression as a function of C inputs better than the linear regression, indicating that silt+clay did not exhibit C saturation behavior. However, 44% of calculated C loading values for silt+clay were greater than the presumed maximal C loading, suggesting that this maximum may be greater than 1 mg C m−2 for many soils. The influences of soil mineral surface properties on C concentrations of silt+clay fractions were site specific. Fine soil particles did not exhibit C saturation behavior likely because current C inputs were insufficient to fill the large C saturation deficits of intensely cultivated soils, suggesting these soils may continue to act as sinks for atmospheric C.

scholarly journals Traditional Selection Potato Varieties and Their Resistance to the 28-punctata Potato Ladybug Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Southern Russian Far East

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Matsishina ◽  
P.V. Fisenko ◽  
M.V.Ermak . ◽  
O.A. Sobko ◽  
D.I. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Morphological Anomalies ◽  
Duration Of Development

Background: Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is a polytrophic pest, causing the greatest damage to plants from the nightshade family. The study aimed to research the resistance of potato cultivars that are promising for breeding to damage by a potato ladybug in laboratory and field experiments. Methods: In laboratory experiments, the indicators of fertility, mortality and duration of development, morphological anomalies and the effect of potato varieties on the composition of Epilakhna’s hemolymph were studied. The sample consisted of 50 individuals with a slight predominance of females. The experiment used 13 varieties of potatoes. Result: A specific dependence of the frequency of phytophage anomalies on the variety was revealed. The influence of nutrition on survival and the timing of ontogenesis has been established. The results obtained indicate the high breeding value of the material when recommending it for cultivation in regions with a high number of pests, as well as when creating new varieties.

scholarly journals CO2 flux measurements in Russian Far East tundra using eddy covariance and closed chamber techniques

Tellus B ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Zamolodchikov ◽  
D. V. Karelin ◽  
A. I. Karelin ◽  
W. C. Oechel ◽  
S. J. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Flux Measurements

scholarly journals Results of the introduction of representatives of the family Ranunculaceae of the Russian Far East in the MBG RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Russian Far East

The results of long-term introduction of species of the family Ranunculaceae of the Russian Far East in the laboratory of natural flora of MBG are presented. The taxonomic composition, the duration of existence in culture and the stability of the samples in the given agro-climatic conditions are analyzed. The assessment of the feasibility of re-attraction to the collection is given. The analysis showed that for the period 1945-2020 84 species have been tested, which is 47% of the number of species of this family living in nature in the Russian Far East. An analysis of the species composition and resistance showed that one-biennials and perennials with a short life span, which require constant replanting, are unpromising. And also annuals and perennials, which do not reproduce in our conditions. Species that are resistant in our conditions and have lived in the collection for more than 20 years can be recommended for re-cultivation. Keywords: NATURAL FLORA, INTRODUCTION, RUSSIAN FAR EAST

Preliminary Assessment of the Energy Efficiency of theTrombe Walls in Buildings with Passive Use of Solar Energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Alexei K. Solovyov ◽  
Bi Ruipu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Khanh Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Preliminary Assessment

Passive use of solar energy for heating buildings in winter and cooling buildings in summer is an environmentally friendly and effective way to save energy in the operation of buildings. In different countries, especially in the middle latitudes, (30–40)% of thermal and electrical energy is consumed for heating and cooling buildings. Therefore, the use of such an inexhaustible source of energy as the sun is relevant. The method of preliminary assessment of the energy efficiency of Trombe walls for buildings in different climatic conditions, based on the energy analysis of the work of these structures in the transition periods of the year (spring – autumn), when the work of the Trombe walls is most effective, is presented. In summer, these structures can be used to activate air exchange with the drawing of cool air from shady and cool areas due to the “chimney” effect. On cold winter days and at night, when there is no sun, the walls of the Trombus act as buffer zones that reduce the temperature load on the enclosing structures. These positive qualities are additional, increasing the energy efficiency of these structures. They are not taken into account in this method. The maximum effect is achieved during the transition period. The results of computational modelling of energy savings due to the use of Trombe walls in areas with a monsoon climate in north-eastern China (Harbin and Shenyang), as well as similar climate areas of the Russian Far East (Khabarovsk and Vladivostok), located at the latitude of the cities under consideration in China, are analysed. It is shown that the efficiency of the use of Trombe walls in the transition period for heating can be up to (10–15)% in these areas. The method of determining the energy efficiency of the use of Trombe walls can be used to determine the feasibility of their use in various climatic regions at the stage of preliminary design and decision-making.

scholarly journals Vegetation responses to interglacial warming in the Arctic, examples from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeast Siberia

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Lozhkin ◽  
P. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Dark Coniferous Forest ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Shrub Tundra

Abstract. Palynological data from Lake El'gygytgyn reveal responses of plant communities to a range of climatic conditions that can help assess the possible impact of global warming on arctoboreal ecosystems. Vegetation associated with climatic optima suggests two types of interglacial responses: one is dominated by deciduous taxa (the postglacial thermal maximum (PGTM) and marine isotope stage (MIS5)) and the second by evergreen conifers (MIS11, MIS31). The MIS11 forests show a similarity to Picea-Larix-Betula-Alnus forests of Siberia. While dark coniferous forest also characterizes MIS31, the pollen taxa show an affinity to the modern boreal forest of the lower Amur valley in the Russian Far East. Despite vegetation differences during the thermal maxima, all four glacial-interglacial transitions are alike, being dominated by deciduous woody taxa. Initially Betula shrub tundra established and was replaced by tundra with tree-sized shrubs (PGTM), Betula woodland (MIS5), or Betula-Larix (MIS11, MIS31) forest. The consistent occurrence of deciduous forest and/or high shrub tundra in all interglaciations as they approach or achieve maximum warmth underscores the significance of this biome for modeling efforts. The El'gygytgyn data also suggest the possible elimination or massive reduction of arctic plant communities under extreme warm-earth scenarios.

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