scholarly journals Changes in Photosynthetic Pigments Content in Non-Transformed and AtCKX Transgenic Centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) Shoots Grown under Salt Stress In Vitro

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2056
Author(s):  
Milana Trifunović-Momčilov ◽  
Snežana Milošević ◽  
Marija Marković ◽  
Marija Đurić ◽  
Slađana Jevremović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Centaurium Erythraea

The effects of graded sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0-, 50-, 100-, 150-, and 200-mM) on photosynthetic pigment contents in in vitro grown shoots of important medicinal plant species (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) were investigated. Non-transformed, one AtCKX1 and two AtCKX2 transgenic centaury lines, with altered cytokinin profiles, were used in this study. The chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents differed in the non-transformed and transgenic lines. In general, salinity significantly reduced the Chl a and Chl b contents in comparison to the NaCl-free medium. The lowest Chl content was observed in AtCKX2 transgenic shoots grown on all the culture media. The total carotenoid content was increased in shoots of non-transformed and both AtCKX2 transgenic lines grown in 50-mM NaCl. On the other hand, in concentrations ˃50-mM NaCl, the total carotenoid content was decreased in all analysed centaury shoots. The Chl a/Chl b ratio in all the shoots increased progressively in the graded NaCl concentrations. Contrarily, the addition of NaCl in the culture medium reduced the Chl/carotenoid ratio in centaury shoots. Taken together, the results of this study partly explained the mode of centaury plant adaptations to salt stress in vitro. Thus, the results on centaury shoots confirmed that the determination of the photosynthetic pigment contents can be a very useful non-destructive screening method in order to discriminate susceptible and resistant plant species/lines to salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Content and Profile of Some Commercially Available Eggs and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Lutein and Zeaxanthin from Organic Egg Yolks

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mariana Alexandra PIŢURLEA ◽  
Adela PINTEA ◽  
Florina COPACIU ◽  
Elena Cristina GHERASIM ◽  
Cristina TUDOR
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Egg Yolks

The present study investigated the carotenoid content and composition of several commercial eggs produced in different housing systems and the amount of macular xanthophylls that becomes available for absorption by the intestinal cells (bio-accessible) after the ingestion of boiled organic egg yolks. The highest total carotenoid content was observed in the case of organic egg yolks (7.02 mg/100 g). Carotenoid concentration varied not only between egg yolks obtained through different housing methods (free-range, barn and battery-cage), but also between egg yolks from the same housing method obtained by different producers. Except for organic egg yolks that had lutein and zeaxanthin as the major carotenoids, canthaxanthin was observed in all the investigated egg yolks to a different extent. Both lutein and zeaxanthin displayed a high bioaccessibility from boiled organic egg yolks, 86% and 91%, respectively).

ВПЛИВ ДЖЕРЕЛ АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА СИНТЕЗ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
A. K. Veligodska ◽  
O. V. Fedotov ◽  
A. S. Petreeva
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Peptone Medium ◽  
Acetone Extracts

<p>The influence of certain nitrogen compounds - components of glucose-peptone medium (GPM) on the accumulation of carotenoids by some strains was investigated by surface cultivating basidiomycetes. The total carotenoid content was set in acetone extracts of mycological material spectrophotometrically and calculated using the Vetshteyn formula.</p> <p>As the nitrogen-containing components used GPM with 9 compounds, such as peptone, DL-valine, L-asparagine, DL-serine, DL-tyrosine, L-proline, L-alanine, urea, NaNO<sub>3</sub>. The effect on the accumulation of specific compounds both in the mycelium and in the culture fluid of carotenoids by culturing certain strains of Basidiomycetes was identified.</p> <p>Adding to standard glucose-peptone medium peptone at 5 g/l causes an increase of carotenoid accumulation by strain <em>L. sulphureus</em> Ls-08, and in a concentration of 4 g/l by strains of <em>F. hepatica </em>Fh-18 and <em>F. fomentarius</em> Ff-1201.</p> <p>In order to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in the mycelium  we suggested to make a standard glucose-peptone medium with proline or valine for cultivating of <em>L. sulphureus</em> Ls- 08 strain; alanine for <em>F. fomentarius</em> Ff-1201 strain; proline, asparagine and serine - for strain Fh-18 of <em>F. hepatica</em>. The results can be implemented in further optimization of the composition of the nutrient medium for culturing strains of Basidiomycetes wich producing carotenoids.</p> <p><em>Keywords: nitrogen-containing substances, Basidiomycetes, mycelium</em><em>,</em><em> culture filtrate, carotenoids</em></p>

scholarly journals Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Klaudija Carović-Stanko ◽  
Ivica Kos ◽  
Zlatko Janječić ◽  
Goran Kiš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
Sensory Color ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. 21.79 μg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 μg/g). The tested plants did not achieve yolk color fan values as the control (13.47) or 3% marigold (11.47), and among them, calendula had the highest values (9.73). Despite the low carotenoid content in diets supplemented with basil herb, iron-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was low as for marigold (on average 106.83 vs. 92.68 ng/g after 250 min). The treatments differed in sensory color scores for fresh and hard-boiled yolks and flavor while other sensory properties were similar. In conclusion, the supplementation of plants in a hen diet may result in yolks containing carotenoids and other compounds showing a high antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Diet affects body color and energy metabolism in the Baikal endemic amphipod Eulimnogammarus cyaneus maintained in laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Saranchina ◽  
Polina Drozdova ◽  
Andrei Mutin ◽  
Maxim Timofeyev
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Proper diet is critical for laboratory-reared animals, as it may affect not only their welfare, but also experimental results. Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) play important roles in ecosystems and are often used in environmental research. Endemic amphipods from the ancient Lake Baikal are promising for laboratory bioassays; however, there are currently no laboratory cultures. In this work, we determine how different diets affect the color and metabolism of a laboratory-reared Baikal amphipod, Eulimnogammarus cyaneus. We found that in freshly collected blue-colored animals, body color correlated with total carotenoid content. Total carotenoid levels did not differ after long-term (two months) feeding with a close to natural carotenoid-enriched, or even a carotenoid-depleted diet. Nevertheless, antennae color was closer to red in the natural-like diet group. It is likely that the carotenoids from the commercial diet are not properly metabolized in E. cyaneus. The animals fed commercial diets had a higher glycogen content, which may signify a higher metabolic rate. Overall, we show that a carotenoid-enriched diet optimized for decapods is not optimal for amphipods, likely due to different carotenoid compositions, and the diet for long-term rearing of E. cyaneus and other Baikal amphipods requires supplementation.

scholarly journals Potential Natural Dyes Food from the Powder of Prickly Pear Fruit Peels (Opuntia spp.) Growing in the Mediterranean Basin under Climate Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Hamza Elmahdaoui ◽  
Samir Iben Moussa ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Bari
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Background. Barbary fig (Opuntia spp), called prickly pear, is a cultivated species belonging to family Cactaceae. It produces fruits one time per year during a short season. It is largely spreading in the Mediterranean countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the physicochemical and biochemical analysis of powder of prickly pear fruit peels of three Moroccan varieties (Aakria, Derbana, and Mles). Material and Methods. Both physicochemical analysis (humidity, water activity, Brix, ash content, pH, and total titratable acidity) and biochemical analysis (total carotenoid content, betalain content, total polyphenolic content, and ascorbic acid content) were effectuated according to protocols reported within the present research work. Results. Regarding the physiochemical analysis, the humidity of powder of prickly pear fruit peels ranged from 10.173 ± 0.002 to 15.27 ± 0.02%. The water activity (aw) ranged from 0.17 ± 0.002 to 0.336 ± 0.002. The values of Brix ranged from 68.67 ± 0.33 to 74.22 ± 0.51° Bx. pH values ranged from 5.41 ± 0.01 to 5.62 ± 0.01. The total titratable acidity values ranged from 0.644 ± 0.014 to 0.76 ± 0.007 g citric acid/100 g DM (dry matter). The ash content ranged from 1.02 ± 0.02 to 11.41 ± 0.03 g/100 g DM. Regarding the biochemical analysis, the total carotenoid content ranged from 5.14 ± 0.10 to 9.79 ± 0.06 mg/g of FM (Fresh matter). The total betalain content ranged from 2 ± 0.69 to 37.66 ± 2.65 mg/100 g of DM. The total polyphenolic content ranged from 1739.92 ± 13.69 to 2409.66 ± 43.65 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of DM. The ascorbic content values ranged from 186.78 ± 13.23 to 294.04 ± 5.81 mg/100 g of DM. Conclusion. The results showed an interesting richness of the investigated powder in pigments (betacyanins, indicaxanthins, and carotenoids) and nutritional compounds including sugar, proteins, and vitamins that make this powder interesting for being used as a dye in food.

scholarly journals Promising Physical, Physicochemical, and Biochemical Background Contained in Peels of Prickly Pear Fruit Growing under Hard Ecological Conditions in the Mediterranean Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Hamza Elmahdaoui ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
Laila Benbacer
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Background. Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), called Barbary fig, is a cultivated species springing from family Cactaceae. It is native to Mexico and has been naturalized in other continents, especially the Mediterranean countries (North Africa). The aim of the study was to investigate the physical, physicochemical, and biochemical criteria of peels of three Moroccan prickly pear varieties (Aakria, Derbana, and Mles) growing in the Rhamna regions (dry area). Material and Methods. Both physicochemical characteristics (humidity, water activity, Brix, ash content, pH, and total titratable acidity) and biochemical characteristics (total carotenoid content, betalain content, total polyphenolic content, and ascorbic acid content) were were studied according to previously reported methods. Results. Regarding the physiochemical criteria, the moisture of the fresh peels of studied varieties ranged from 81.59 ± 0.02 to 83.47 ± 0.02%. The water activity (aw) ranged from 0.862 ± 0.001 to 0.872 ± 0.001. The values of Brix varied from 14.69 ± 0.05° Bx to 15.80 ± 0.03° Bx. pH values varied from 5.13 ± 0.01 to 5.32. The total titratable acidity values ranged from 0.130 ± 0.008 to 0.196 ± 0.014 g of citric acid/100 g of FM (fresh matter). The ash content values ranged from 8.92 ± 0.10 to 11.04 ± 0.06 g/100 g of FM. Regarding the biochemical criteria, the total carotenoid content ranged from 2.29 ± 0.01 to 2.87 ± 0.01 μg/g of FM. The total betalain content ranged from 6213.46 ± 58.86 to 8487.19 ± 51.71 μg/100 g of FM. The total polyphenolic content varied from 160 ± 3.55 to 243.79 ± 5.55 mg GA E/100 g of FM. The ascorbic content ranged from 58.21 ± 0.24 to 74.72 ± 0.17 mg/100 g of FM. Conclusion. The findings of physicochemical and biochemical criteria of the investigated varieties growing in Moroccan drylands showed promising results in terms of studied parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. pepo)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Wanda Wadas ◽  
Halina Mioduszewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Β Carotene

Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepoL. subsp.pepo)The study examined the effects of the sowing date (5, 15 and 25 May) and plant spacing (1 × 0.6 m, 1 × 0.8 m and 1 × 1 m) on the content of carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of two cultivars of spaghetti squash (‘Makaronowa Warszawska' and ‘Pyza’). The field experiment was carried out in central-eastern Poland. Fully mature spaghetti squash fruits were harvested from the beginning of September to the beginning of October. The content of total carotenoids and β-carotene was the greatest in the fruits of plants sown on 15 May. The sowing date did not affect the content of L-ascorbic acid. Increasing the plant spacing from 1 × 0.6 m to 1 × 1 m resulted in an increase of total carotenoid content, particularly for the spaghetti squash sown on 25 May. Plant spacing did not have a significant effect on the content of β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid. Fruits of the ‘Makaronowa Warszawska’ with light orange flesh contained more total carotenoids and β-carotene than fruits of the ‘Pyza’ with cream-coloured flesh. The content of L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of both cultivars did not differ significantly.

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