scholarly journals Impact of Subsurface Application of Compound Mineral Fertilizer on Soil Enzymatic Activity under Reduced Tillage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Barbara Futa ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Paweł Gierasimiuk ◽  
Monika Jaroszuk-Sierocińska
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Tillage System

Soil biochemical properties shaping soil fertility and agro-ecosystem productivity depend on the reduced tillage system and the dose and method of application of fertilizer; therefore, the research hypothesis put forward proposes that under reduced tillage system conditions, the subsurface application of a multi-component mineral fertilizer would increase soil enzymatic activity, thus favourably influencing the biodiversity of the soil environment. The objective of the three-year study was to evaluate the impact of subsurface application of varying mineral fertilizer rates on soil enzymatic activity under reduced tillage system conditions in soybean, winter wheat and maize rotations. The field experiment was set up as a split-plot design in four replicates. The first experimental factor included two methods of mineral fertilization application: fertilizer broadcast over the soil surface (S); fertilizer applied deep (subsurface placed) using a specially designed cultivator (Sub-S). The other factor was the rates of the mineral fertilizer (NPKS): 85 kg∙ha−1 (F85) and 170 kg∙ha−1 (F170). The method of application and rate of mineral fertilizer did not have a significant effect on the organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the soil of the plots with all rotational crops. Subsurface application of fertilizer significantly increased available phosphorus content in soil under soybean and winter wheat crops; however, it significantly decreased soil pHKCl values within sites with all crops in the rotation compared to surface application. At the same time, deep application of mineral fertilizer significantly stimulated dehydrogenase activity in the soil under the winter wheat crops and acid phosphatase activity in the soil under all rotation crops. The higher level of mineral fertilization contributed to reduction of soil pHKCl under winter wheat and maize, and promoted an increase in the soil P content. Additionally, significant increases of dehydrogenases and urease activity in the soil under winter wheat and maize crops, alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil under all the studied crops, and acid phosphatase activity in the soil under the soybean crops were found, compared to mineral fertilizer in the amount of 85 kg NPKS∙ha−1. The results of the present study have demonstrated a positive effect of subsurface application of compound mineral fertilizer on the soil biochemical parameters in reduced tillage. This may be a recommendation for the subsurface use of multicomponent mineral fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. However, a full objective characterization of the soil environment processes induced by in-depth application of mineral fertilizer in reduced tillage requires long-term monitoring.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alfalfa Mineral Fertilization and Times of Soil Sampling on Enzymatic Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Barbara Symanowicz ◽  
Wojciech Skorupka ◽  
Marcin Becher ◽  
Dawid Jaremko ◽  
Sebastian Krasuski
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

This study examined changes in soil enzymatic activity caused by constant mineral fertilization with NPK and diversified fertilization with Fe and Mo micronutrients. A field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in Siedlce (central-eastern Poland) between 2012 and 2014. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as the test plant. The first factor consisted of fertilization treatments: control; NPK; NPKFe1; NPKMo1; NPKFe1Mo1; NPKFe2; NPKMo2, and NPKFe2Mo2. The second factor was composed of the time of soil sampling (15 August 2012, 20 September 2012, 17 June 2013, and 20 July 2014). Mineral fertilization was applied: N-20; P-22; K-124.5; Fe1-0.5; Mo1-0.5; Fe2-1.0; Mo2-1.0 kg ha−1. Application of molybdenum (Mo2-1.0 kg ha−1) in alfalfa fertilized with NPK was optimal for obtaining the beneficial nitrogenase activity. The applied NPKFe1Mo1 fertilization in alfalfa cultivation was optimized to achieve high dehydrogenases activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and acid phosphatase activity. The highest of soil urease activity was determined in soil fertilized with NPKFe2Mo2. The biochemical index (BCHI) of soil fertility reached its highest mean value (254.9) after applying the NPKFe1Mo1. A high BCHI soil fertility index indicates the possibility of generating high alfalfa yields and maintaining good soil culture.

scholarly journals Impact of the Tillage System on the Soil Enzymatic Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Bielińska ◽  
Agnieszka Mocek-Płóciniak
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Stimulation Of

Impact of the Tillage System on the Soil Enzymatic Activity The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the soil tillage system on soil enzymatic activity. The performed investigations, employing two soil tillage systems: classical (ploughing) and simplified (no-tillage), were carried out on Luvisols and Arenosols differing typologically, with regard to their kind and species. The activity of the following five enzymes was determined in soil samples: dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urease and protease. The applied enzymes tests turned out to be good indicators differentiating the examined soil objects depending on the employed tillage system. The employment of the simplified tillage system stimulated significantly the activity of the analysed enzymes irrespective of the soil type. This effect was particularly apparent in the top layer (0-10 cm) of the soil. An exceptionally wide range of activity was obtained for dehydrogenases indicating the usefulness of this group of enzymes for the evaluation of changes in the soil environment under the influence of the soil tillage system. The observed activity stimulation of the examined enzymes was accompanied by advantageous changes in soil chemical conditions.

scholarly journals Wpływ nawożenia mineralnego i nawadniania na aktyumość peroksydazy, katalazy i fosfatazy kwaśnej w dwóch fazach wzrostu kapusty i porów [The influence of mineral fertilization and irrigation on the activity of peroxidase, catalase and acid phosphatase of cabbage and leek in two stages of growth]

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gurgul ◽  
E. Kołota
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Distinct Increase

During the growth of plant, the very distinct increase of enzymatic activity of peroxidase and catalase was observed, but in case of acid phosphatase in smaller degree. An irrigation caused the decreasing of activity of all tested enzymes in both stages of cabbage growth. However, in case of leeks leaves sprinkling irrigation stimulated activity of catalase and acid phosphatase in both stages and peroxidase in the second stage of growth. The effectiveness of the mineral nutritive was differentiated, and often correlated with a level of soil moisture, kind of plant and its stage of growth.

Phosphatase Activity of Drosophila Salivary Glands

1948 ◽  
Vol s3-89 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-419
Author(s):  
W. L. DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Staining Methods

The phosphatases in the cytoplasm and nuclei of Drosophila salivary glands are better preserved by fixation in absolute acetone than in 85 per cent, alcohol. In whole glands there is relatively little extraction of the enzyme during assay. Phosphatase activity is more resistant to incubation at neutrality than at pH 8.6, but in this material there is sufficient residual enzymatic activity to permit redetermination of alkaline, neutral, or acid phosphatase activity by staining methods after an initial quantitative determination. The state of the membranes of the gland affects the penetration of the substrate sufficiently to limit the activities obtained.

scholarly journals The effect of different copper doses and organic fertilisation on soil’s enzymatic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Beata Kuziemska ◽  
Andrzej Wysokiński ◽  
Joanna Trębicka
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Organic Fertilisation

A three-year pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall in 2014–2016 included studying the enzymatic activity of soil, into which various amounts of copper: (100, 200 and 300 mg Cu/kg soil) and organic materials (cattle manure, chicken manure, post-mushroom substrate) were introduced, used separately, at a soil-introduction dose of 2 g C<sub>org</sub>/kg. Copper and organic materials were used once, only in the first year of the study, before sowing test plant orchard grass. In soil collected after the last (fourth) swath of grass in each year of the study, the activity of urease, dehydrogenases, acid, and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Applications of copper to the soil, regardless of its dose, resulted in a decrease in urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The inactivating effect of this metal on the activity of urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of its dose. Organic fertilisation generally increased the enzymatic activity of the analysed soil. In subsequent years of the study, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased, while acid phosphatase activity increased. Dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly in subsequent years of the study.  

scholarly journals Effect of Pesticides on Enzymatic Activity in Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Maria- Mihaela MICUȚI ◽  
Liliana BĂDULESCU ◽  
Florentina ISRAEL-ROMING
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

The focus of this article is to provide informations about soil enzymatic activity as a biological indicator for impacts of pesticides on soils. In this experiment, an ecological soil was treated with two types of fungicide (Ridomil Gold and Bravo 500) and two of insecticides (Mospilan 20SG and Vertimec 1.8% EC). The pesticides were assessed for their effect on different enzymatic activities. They were administrated over a 28 days period and the samples of soil were taken once every 7 days and analyzed in the laboratory. For each sample was determined the enzymatic activity, pH, humidity. The enzymatic activity was assessed using colorimetrical methods. Enzymes chosen for this study were cellulase, amylase, xylanase, urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase. Results shown that the enzymatic activity can increase or decrease when the soil was treated with the fungicides and insecticides chosen for this experiment.

Pituitary adrenal interactions in shorn sheep exposed to cold, wet conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
KA Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Exposure Levels

Newly shorn sheep were exposed to a cold (3°C) wet environment for 8 days; six out of 10 untreated animals died but there were no deaths in a group of 10 that was treated with cortisone. In two other experiments, nine out of 15 control sheep died, but only four out of 15 sheep treated with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). In a final experiment approximately one-third of exposed controls died compared with one-tenth of sheep treated with dexamethasone trimethylacetate. A significantly greater proportion (P < 0.05) of sheep given ACTH or 1.5 mg or more of dexamethasone trimethylacetate per kg had rectal temperatures higher than 37.8°C during the first 96 hr of exposure than the comparable controls. The adrenal glands of sheep that died in the cortisone and ACTH experiments were heavier than those taken from survivors that were killed after the experiment; macroscopically, the cortices of some of the adrenals from sheep that succumbed were haemorrhagic and resembled the glands seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in man; all were heavily infiltrated with lipid when compared with the cortices of survivors. ß-Glucuronidase activity in the serum of cortisone-treated sheep (and in untreated survivors) was elevated during the first 2–3 days of exposure and returned to pre-exposure levels; untreated sheep that succumbed showed continuously increasing enzymatic activity. Acid phosphatase activity was initially depressed in steroid-treated sheep and returned to pre-exposure levels, whereas activity increased continuously in controls that died. Total leucocytes were lower during the first 72 hr of exposure in sheep treated with 1.5–2 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate per kg, compared with untreated controls. We suggest that the enlarged, fat-laden haemorrhagic adrenals found in sheep that died from cold exposure resulted from excessive ACTH stimulation prior to death. The results suggested a state of adrenocortical insufficiency during the first 96 hr of cold exposure.

scholarly journals Ecological features of enzyme activity distribution in edaphotops of technogenic landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
I. V. Wagner ◽  
V. V. Katsevych
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Ecological Features

Specific features of distribution total, available phosphorus concentrations and levels of phosphatase enzymatic activity at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams in the Nikopol manganese ore basin are established. It is presented general assessment of technosoil status by evaluation of phosphatase enzyme activity; this enzyme enriches the soil with mineral phosphorus and thereby improves its availability for living organisms. Among current bioindication methodology, soil enzymatic method is the most reliable and promising because enzymatic activity serves a stable indicator of soil biogenicity in comparison with other indicators. Soil enzymatic activity determines both intensity and targeting of biogeochemical processes. High correlation between concentrations of soluble phosphorus and phosphatase activity values by layers of artificial soil (r = 0.87), sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green (r = 0.77), red-brown clays (r = 0.62) and onto loess-like loam (r = 0.95) was determined. Tendency of decreasing hydrolytic enzyme activity, phosphatase, with depth in all types of artificial soil studied was established. High efficiency of the enzymatic activity study in diagnostics of soil fertility dynamics under impact of various anthropogenic and natural ecosystems was determined. Advantages of using this method are capability to determine rapidly the changes occurring in ecosystems in the early stages of degradation processes and prediction of their targeting and, accordingly, their intensity. It has been found that levels of phosphatase activity and values of mobile phosphorus compounds in complex biogeocoenotic systems are sensitive quantitative indicators of changes in environmental conditions in man-made environment, and they generate good data about processes occurred within the soil column. The use of phosphatase activity level can be a reliable and promising method on biomonitoring of technogenic edaphotops.

scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF GLUTARALDEHYDE ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR PRESERVATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DARIUSH FAHIMI ◽  
PIERRE DROCHMANS ◽  
A. POPOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

The inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in rat liver homogenates after fixation in different lots of commercial glutaraldehyde is determined and compared with the inhibition following fixation with a distilled product. It is shown that commercial glutaraldehydes inhibit more of the enzyme activity than the distilled product. The acidic products of oxidation of glutaraldehyde do not increase the inhibition of the enzymatic activity. The presence of high concentration of inorganic phosphates in different lots of commercial glutaraldehyde, as presented here, suggests that probably such impurities may be responsible for increased inhibition of phosphatase activity noted after fixation in commercial glutaraldehydes.

scholarly journals Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel Hofmeijer ◽  
Maike Krauss ◽  
Alfred Berner ◽  
Joséphine Peigné ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

Reduced tillage reduces soil erosion and increases topsoil organic matter compared with conventional tillage. However, yields are often reported to be lower, presumably, due to increased weed pressure and a slower N mineralization under organic farming conditions. The effects of reduced tillage compared with ploughing on weed infestation and winter wheat performance at four different crop stages, i.e., tillering, stem elongation, flowering, and harvest, was monitored for a single season in an eleven-year-old organic long-term tillage trial. To disentangle the effects of weed presence on crop yield and potential crop performance, subplots were cleaned from weeds during the whole cropping season. Weed biomass was consistently higher under reduced tillage. Soil mineral nitrogen contents under reduced tillage management were higher, which could be explained by the earlier ley termination in autumn compared with the conventional tillage system. Nitrogen status of wheat assessed with SPAD measurements was consequently higher under reduced tillage throughout the season. At harvest, wheat biomass and grain yield were similar in both tillage systems in the presence of weeds, but 15–18% higher in the reduced tillage system when weeds were removed. The negative impact of weeds on yields were not found with conventional tillage with a low weed infestation. Results suggest that reduced tillage can provide equivalent and even higher yields to conventional tillage in organically managed winter wheat if weed management is improved and good nutrient supply is assured.

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