scholarly journals Complex Spectroscopic Study for Fusarium Genus Fungi Infection Diagnostics of “Zalp” Cultivar Oat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2402
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Pankin ◽  
Anastasia Povolotckaia ◽  
Alexey Kalinichev ◽  
Alexey Povolotskiy ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Spread ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Spectroscopic Diagnostics ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Infection Diagnostics ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Oat Husk ◽  
Infection Markers ◽  
Chemometric Tools ◽  
Ftir And Raman Spectroscopy

At present, one of the critical problems in agriculture is the identification of cereals, including oats, infected by Fusarium spp. genus fungi. Timely diagnostics can prevent the further disease spread and help to identify the already stored infected grains. In this regard, the aim of this work is to develop the spectroscopic approaches that determine the infected grains. As an object of the investigation the “Zalp” cultivar oat, both healthy and infected grains of the 2020 harvest were chosen. The spectroscopic diagnostics included FTIR in the mid-IR region, Raman, and luminescence methods. Combination of chemometric tools with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy allowed obtaining approaches based on identified characteristic spectral features which may be used as infection markers. These approaches make it possible to detect the infection on the grain husk. The carotenoid type fungi pigment was identified within the resonance conditions of Raman scattering excitation. The luminescence study of infected oat husk revealed the presence of characteristic chlorophyll α peak which is absent in healthy grain husk.

scholarly journals Incidence of pathogens and field emergence of soybean seeds subjected to harvest delay

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Oliveira Diniz ◽  
Múcio Silva Reis ◽  
Eduardo Fontes Araújo ◽  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽  
Tuneo Sediyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Harvest Delay ◽  
Health Test

This study aimed at evaluating seed health quality, as well as seedling emergence in the field, of eight soybean cultivars (UFV-16, Splendor, Vencedora, Confiança, UFV-18, UFV-TN 105, Garantia, and Celeste) subjected to different harvest periods. To this, seeds were harvested at the growth stages R8, R8+15 days, and R8+30 days, and then submitted to health test and to the test of seedling emergence in field. Results showed that although seeds harvested at 15 and 30 days after the stage R8 had shown a significant increase of fungi infection, especially by Fusarium spp., Phomopsis spp., and Epicoccum spp., the percent seedling emergence in the field was reduced only to seeds harvested 30 days after the reproductive stage R8. Cultivars have shown differentiated behavior between each other in relation to the percent incidence rate of fungi and seedling emergence in the field; and the seeds least infected by fungi were those allowing the highest percent emergence of seedlings in the field.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN ◽  
AGUS PURWANTARA ◽  
SATRIYAS ILYAS ◽  
MOHAMAD RAHMAD SUHARTANTO
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedborne Fungi ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Fungi Infection

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Benih merupakan komponen dasar dalam menentukan produktivitas<br />tanaman kakao. Benih yang sehat dapat merupakan faktor penting dalam<br />menentukan keberhasilan produktivitas kakao. Benih kakao mempunyai<br />kadar air cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi terinfeksi cendawan, yang<br />dapat menurunkan mutu benih dan produksi kakao. Penelitian bertujuan<br />untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi beberapa cendawan terbawa benih<br />pada kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Induk Benih Pusat<br />Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikro-<br />biologi, Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, dan<br />Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati IPB Bogor pada bulan Juni sampai<br />Oktober 2008. Penelitian menggunakan benih kakao hibrida dari hasil<br />persilangan buatan antar TSH 858 dengan Sca 6, dan percobaan disusun<br />dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Benih ditumbuhkan<br />pada 3 media, yaitu water agar (WA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), dan<br />kertas saring (KS). Tingkat infeksi pada benih diamati setiap hari dan<br />dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji selang<br />berganda Duncan. Cendawan diisolasi, dibiakkan, dimurnikan, dan<br />diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan buku kunci identifikasi. Tingkat<br />infeksi cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida tertinggi terdapat pada hari<br />keempat (35,00%) dan kelima (51,67%) pada media PDA. Sebanyak 13<br />spesies cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida berhasil diidentifikasi<br />dengan menggunakan media WA dan PDA, serta 8 spesies cendawan<br />dengan media KS. Ke-13 cendawan terbawa benih yang ditemukan sangat<br />berpotensi menurunkan mutu fisiologis benih dan produktivitas kakao.<br />Cendawan tersebut perlu diuji lebih lanjut karena masing-masing memiliki<br />sifat-sifat patogenik, saprofitik, atau antagonistis terhadap cendawan lain<br />pada benih kakao. Cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida paling dominan<br />adalah Aspergillus spp., Penicillium chrysogenium, Coletotrichum<br />acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, dan Fusarium spp. Cendawan-cendawan<br />yang diduga berbahaya adalah Aspergillus spp., Coletotrichum acutatum,<br />Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  spp.,  Phoma  glomerata,  dan<br />Macrophoma sp., dan yang diduga bersifat patogenik adalah Aspergillus<br />flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia<br />geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, dan Macrophoma sp.</p><p>Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao, benih hibrida, infeksi cendawan, media<br />tanam</p><p>Isolation and Identification of Fungi on Hybrid Cacao Seeds</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Seed is the basic component influencing the productivity of cacao<br />plantation. Healthy seed is the most important factor in determining the<br />success of cacao productivity. Moisture content of cacao seeds is quite<br />high potentially to cause fungi infection, which can further reduce seed<br />quality and cacao production. The research aimed at isolating and<br />identifying several seedborne fungi on hybrid cacao. The study was<br />conducted at main nursery of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research<br />Institute Jember, Laboratory of Microbiology, Indonesian Biotechnology<br />Research Institute for Estate Crops, and the Laboratory for Biological<br />Control of IPB Bogor from June to October 2008. Research used hybrid<br />cacao seeds derived from crossing between TSH 858 x SCA 6, and the<br />experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with three<br />replicates. Cacao seeds were grown on three media, i.e. water agar (WA),<br />potato dextrose agar (PDA), and filter paper (KS). Infection rates on the<br />seedlings were observed every day and analyzed using ANOVA followed<br />by Duncan's multiple regression test (DMRT). Fungi were isolated,<br />cultured, purified, and identified using the identification keys. The highest<br />rate of seedborn fungal infection occured on fourth (35.00%) and fifth<br />(51.67%) days on PDA media. A total of 13 species of seedborn fungi on<br />hybrid cocoa were identified by using WA and PDA media, as well as 8<br />other species by using KS. The 13 seedborne fungi potentially reduce seed<br />physiological quality and cacao productivity. These fungi need to be<br />further tested because each has its own pathogenic, saprophytic, or<br />antagonistic properties towards other fungi on cacao seeds. Predominant<br />seedborn fungi on hybrid cacao were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium<br />chrysogenium, Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, and<br />Fusarium spp. The fungi suspected harmful were Aspergillus spp.,<br />Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium spp., Phoma<br />glomerata, and Macrophoma sp., and those suspected pathogenic were<br />Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum,<br />Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and<br />Macrophoma sp.<br />Key words : Theobroma cacao, fungi infection, hybrid seed, growing<br />media</p>

Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Tokamaks

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
C. de Michelis
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Spectroscopic Diagnostics ◽  
Important Concern

AbstractImpurities being an important concern in tokamaks, spectroscopy plays a key role in their understanding. Techniques for the evaluation of concentrations, power losses and transport properties are surveyed, and a few developments are outlined.

A simplified method of emulsion coating and development for quantitative electron microscopic radioautography

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
K. Yoshida ◽  
F. Murata ◽  
S. Ohno ◽  
T. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Identical Condition ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽  
Quantitative Radioautography

IntroductionSeveral methods of mounting emulsion for radioautography at the electron microscopic level have been reported. From the viewpoint of quantitative radioautography, however, there are many critical problems in the procedure to produce radioautographs. For example, it is necessary to apply and develop emulsions in several experimental groups under an identical condition. Moreover, it is necessary to treat a lot of grids at the same time in the dark room for statistical analysis. Since the complicated process and technical difficulties in these procedures are inadequate to conduct a quantitative analysis of many radioautographs at once, many factors may bring about unexpected results. In order to improve these complicated procedures, a simplified dropping method for mass production of radioautographs under an identical condition was previously reported. However, this procedure was not completely satisfactory from the viewpoint of emulsion homogeneity. This paper reports another improved procedure employing wire loops.

Identificación de aislamientos clínicos de Fusarium spp mediante técnicas moleculares en Colombia.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesid Fabián Acevedo-Granados ◽  
Luz Elena Cano ◽  
Adelaida María Gaviria Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Spp

Fusariumes un género fúngico amplio y diverso de diferentes complejos deespecies, causante de una gran variedad de enfermedades en plantas, productor dediversas toxinas y representa un importante patógeno oportunista en humanos. Laidentificación de las especies de Fusarium ha sido por mucho tiempo una tareacompleja y controversial. Esto es debido principalmente a la aplicación de diferentessistemas taxonómicos y la inherente variabilidad morfológica de algunas de estasespecies. Estas características requieren de la revisión por parte de un expertomicólogo, con el fin de lograr un acertado y confiable diagnóstico, el cual es crucialen el manejo de enfermedades o infecciones y estudios de diversidad genética. EnColombia, se ha reportado un incremento anual del 317 % de casos de infeccionescausadas por Fusarium, entre 1995 y 2003, sin embargo en centros especializados anivel nacional en micología médica, no se lleva a cabo un diagnóstico a nivel deespecie. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de establecer la identidad de aislamientosclínicos de Fusarium, mediante el uso de un marcador molecular. Para lograr esteobjetivo se llevó a cabo la identificación de los 59 aislamientos mediante consulta enla base de datos Fusarium-ID con base en secuencias codificantes del factor deelongación de la traducción EF-1a. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron observar laagrupación de los 59 aislamientos en tres complejos de especies: Fusariumoxysporum(FOSC), Fusarium solani (FSSC) y Fusarium incarnanatum-equiseti(FIESC). Basado en los resultados, se observa que el uso de las secuenciascodificantes para el factor de elongación de traducción permiten una confiableclasificación de los aislamientos de origen clínico y permite ratificar la utilidad queposee este marcador molecular en los distintos complejos de Fusarium.

AISLAMIENTO DE HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL GRANO DE CAFÉ PROVENIENTES DE ZONAS PRODUCTORAS EN NORTE DE SANTANDER - COLOMBIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Angela P. Cajiao
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

El comercio del café es uno de los renglones económicos más importantes a nivel mundial, sin embargo, también es susceptible a contaminaciones desde su cosecha hasta su transformación. Para la realización de este estudio se recolectaron muestras de café cereza procedentes de diferentes municipios productores de Norte de Santander y posteriormente en el laboratorio se aislaron y caracterizaron fenotípicamente los siguientes agentes fúngicos del grano de café: Aspergillus  spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium  spp., Mucor spp. y  Rhizopus spp. con ayuda de claves taxonómicas. Los hongos que presentaron una alta incidencia fueron Aspergillus spp. y Fusarium spp. Entre las tres variables fisicoquímicas analizadas en el café cereza (pH, actividad de agua, % de humedad) se puede afirmar con certeza que la actividad de agua y el porcentaje de humedad influyen directamente en el número y tipo de aislamientos fúngicos obtenidos. 

NUMERICAL AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF SVIR EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH STANDARD INCIDENCE RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatayo Michael Ogunmiloro ◽  
Fatima Ohunene Abedo ◽  
Hammed Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Differential Transform ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Fourth Order Method ◽  
Theoretical Results

In this article, a Susceptible – Vaccinated – Infected – Recovered (SVIR) model is formulated and analysed using comprehensive mathematical techniques. The vaccination class is primarily considered as means of controlling the disease spread. The basic reproduction number (Ro) of the model is obtained, where it was shown that if Ro<1, at the model equilibrium solutions when infection is present and absent, the infection- free equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. Also, if Ro>1, the endemic equilibrium solution is locally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, the analytical solution of the model was carried out using the Differential Transform Method (DTM) and Runge - Kutta fourth-order method. Numerical simulations were carried out to validate the theoretical results. 

Coal mining-disturbed land reclamation laws

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
T. V. Galanina ◽  
M. I. Baumgarten ◽  
T. G. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Production Output

Large-scale mining disturbs wide areas of land. The development program for the mining industry, with an expected considerable increase in production output, aggravates the problem with even vaster territories exposed to the adverse anthropogenic impact. Recovery of mining-induced ecosystems in the mineral-extracting regions becomes the top priority objective. There are many restoration mechanisms, and they should be used in integration and be highly technologically intensive as the environmental impact is many-sided. This involves pollution of water, generation of much waste and soil disturbance which is the most typical of open pit mining. Scale disturbance of land, withdrawal of farming land, land pollution and littering are critical problems to the solved in the first place. One of the way outs is highquality reclamation. This article reviews the effective rules and regulations on reclamation. The mechanism is proposed for the legal control of disturbed land reclamation on a regional and federal level. Highly technologically intensive recovery of mining-induced landscape will be backed up by the natural environment restoration strategy proposed in the Disturbed Land Reclamation Concept.

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