scholarly journals Proposal for a Crop Protection Information System for Rural Farmers in Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Isakwisa Gaddy Tende ◽  
Kentaro Aburada ◽  
Hisaaki Yamaba ◽  
Tetsuro Katayama ◽  
Naonobu Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Protection Information ◽  
Research Regulations ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Crop protection information, such as how to control emergent and outbreak crop diseases and pests, as well as the latest research, regulations, and quality control measures for pesticides and fertilizers, is important to farmers. Rural smallholder farmers in Tanzania have traditionally relied on government agricultural officers who visit them in their villages to provide this crop protection information. However, these officers are few and cannot reach all the farmers on time. This means that farmers fail to make critical farming decisions on time, which can lead to low crop productivity. In this study, we aim to provide farmers with reliable and instant crop protection information by developing a system based on the Short Message Service (SMS) and the Web. This system automatically replies to farmers’ requests for the latest crop protection information in the Swahili language through SMS on a mobile phone or a Web system. The findings reveal that our proposed system can provide farmers with crop protection information at lower cost (500 times cheaper) than the existing Tigo Kilimo system. Furthermore, our proposed system’s deep learning model is effective in understanding and processing Swahili natural language SMS queries for crop protection information with an accuracy of 96.43%. This crop protection information will help farmers make better critical farming decisions on time and improve crop productivity.

scholarly journals Voltage Stability Of South Sulawesi Power System Using Fuzzy Logic Method Based On The Linguistic Variable

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugianto ◽  
Syarifuddin Nojeng ◽  
Yustinus Upa Sombolayuk
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Human Thinking

This study aims to apply a new method for controlling voltage stability in electric power systems, using new modeling with linguistic variables of cryptic logic. The method can easily carry out appropriate control measures in accordance with human thinking and acting. The Fuzzy Logic Stabilizer periodically checks the voltage in real time at each bus and maps into linguistic variables, analyzes its control decisions, then calculates how much stability control is sent to all mobile operator numbers that have been registered at the short message service center, so that appropriate control measures are carried out on the On Load Tap Changer, or On Load Voltage Regulator at each substation, according to the contents of the short message it receives. Application of fuzzy logic stabilizer in the 46 bus electricity system of South Sulawesi will increase the quality of bus voltage from an average of 0.08% to 0.5% of the nominal voltage.

Crop losses to pests

2005 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-C. OERKE
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Potential Loss

Productivity of crops grown for human consumption is at risk due to the incidence of pests, especially weeds, pathogens and animal pests. Crop losses due to these harmful organisms can be substantial and may be prevented, or reduced, by crop protection measures. An overview is given on different types of crop losses as well as on various methods of pest control developed during the last century.Estimates on potential and actual losses despite the current crop protection practices are given for wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, soybeans, and cotton for the period 2001–03 on a regional basis (19 regions) as well as for the global total. Among crops, the total global potential loss due to pests varied from about 50% in wheat to more than 80% in cotton production. The responses are estimated as losses of 26–29% for soybean, wheat and cotton, and 31, 37 and 40% for maize, rice and potatoes, respectively. Overall, weeds produced the highest potential loss (34%), with animal pests and pathogens being less important (losses of 18 and 16%). The efficacy of crop protection was higher in cash crops than in food crops. Weed control can be managed mechanically or chemically, therefore worldwide efficacy was considerably higher than for the control of animal pests or diseases, which rely heavily on synthetic chemicals. Regional differences in efficacy are outlined. Despite a clear increase in pesticide use, crop losses have not significantly decreased during the last 40 years. However, pesticide use has enabled farmers to modify production systems and to increase crop productivity without sustaining the higher losses likely to occur from an increased susceptibility to the damaging effect of pests.The concept of integrated pest/crop management includes a threshold concept for the application of pest control measures and reduction in the amount/frequency of pesticides applied to an economically and ecologically acceptable level. Often minor crop losses are economically acceptable; however, an increase in crop productivity without adequate crop protection does not make sense, because an increase in attainable yields is often associated with an increased vulnerability to damage inflicted by pests.

scholarly journals Real time portable genome sequencing for global food security

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Boykin ◽  
Ammar Ghalab ◽  
Bruno Rossitto De Marchi ◽  
Anders Savill ◽  
James M. Wainaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Sub Saharan

Crop losses due to viral diseases and pests are major constraints on food security and income for millions of households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Such losses can be reduced if plant diseases and pests are correctly diagnosed and identified early. Currently, accurate diagnosis for definitive identification of plant viruses and their vectors in SSA mostly relies on standard PCR and next generation sequencing technologies (NGS). However, it can take up to 6 months before results generated using these approaches are available. The long time taken to detect or identify viruses impedes quick, within-season decision-making necessary for early action, crop protection advice and disease control measures by farmers. This ultimately compounds the magnitude of crop losses and food shortages suffered by farmers. The MinION portable pocket DNA sequencer was used, to our knowledge globally for the first time, to sequence whole plant virus genomes. We used this technology to identify the begomoviruses causing the devastating cassava mosaic virus, which is ravaging smallholder farmers’ crops in sub-Saharan Africa.

SISTEM MONITORING EVALUASI DAN PELAPORAN KEGIATAN TARUNA ATKP MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Albert Panjaitan ◽  
Hairul Amren ◽  
Darmeli Nasution ◽  
Rizaldy Khair ◽  
Iswandi Idris
Keyword(s):  
Short Message Service ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Web App

Perkembangan yang sangat pesat terjadi pada bidang teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi saat ini mendorong masyarakta dunia memasuki era revolusi industri 4.0 yang serba cepat, sekaligus menjadikan informasi sentral dalam dunia industri maupun dunia usaha hingga dunia pendidikan. Akademi Teknik dan Keselamatan Penerbangan (ATKP) Medan merupakan institusi pendidikan di bawah naungan pemerintah yang sudah mulai menggunakan berbagai hal teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi. Dengan adanya perkembangan tersebut berdampak memeberikan fasilitas yang dapat digunakan oleh pengguna layanan komunikasi, dan informasi, seperti Short Message Service (SMS) hingga sistem berbasis aplikasi menggunakan smartphone android maupun iOS. Layanan aplikasi sms hingga sistem aplikasi tersebut adalah teknologi yang memungkinkan manusia untuk mendapatkan atau mengirimkankan informasi kapanpun dan dimanapun dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem aplikasi monitoring evaluasi pelaporan kegiatan taruna di ATKP medan berbasis web app. Dalam pembuatannya, aplikasi ini disesuaikan dengan kenutuhan user/orang tua taruna dan institusi ATKP secara umum. Sistem aplikasi ini akan memberikan kemudahan kepada orang tua taruna dalam memonitoring, kegiatan hingga prilaku taruna selama pendidikan di ATKP Medan serta  kemudahan mengakses nilai dengan cepat. Sistem aplikasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman php (web).

Challenges of Aircraft and Drone Spray Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando K. Carvalho ◽  
Rodolfo G. Chechetto ◽  
Alisson A. B. Mota ◽  
Ulisses R. Antuniassi
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Correct Dose ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Heavy Loads

Crop protection on major crops is now required to follow the principles of integrated pest management so the timing and accuracy of any application of a pesticide or biopesticide has to be more precise to minimize adverse effects on non-target species. The development of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) provides a means of providing a more targeted application of the correct dose, especially by using formulations that are more persistent, thus minimizing loss of spray in areas subject to rain. Avoiding use of too high a dosage allows greater survival of natural enemies and reduces the selection pressure for pests becoming resistant to specific modes of action. The downward flow of air from a UAV should also provide better distribution and impaction of droplets within a crop canopy, reduce soil impaction caused by taking heavy loads of spray applied with 200 l ha–1 of water, and allow treatments when fields are too wet to access with ground equipment. In Asia, many smallholder farmers are using a drone in preference to using a knapsack sprayer. According to Matthews, it has been shown that ULV spraying can be effective, but it needs a narrow droplet spectrum with the droplets remaining stable and not shrinking to become too small. Formulation research can reduce the volatility of the spray, hence the success of oil-based sprays. However, instead of petroleum-based oils, there is a chance to develop vegetable oil carriers with micro-sized particle suspensions to deliver low toxicity pesticides in droplets that can be deposited within the crop and not drift beyond the crop boundary. Oil deposits will be less prone to loss after rain so less should be lost in neighbouring ditches and water courses, especially as rainfall patterns are forecast to change. More studies are needed to evaluate the swath for deposition, buffer zones, formulation, nozzle selection, to guide future specific legislation for UAV applications.

Efektivitas Short Message Service Reminderterhadap Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Besi pada Wanita Hamil

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermiati E ◽  
Imas Rafiyah ◽  
Devi Kusnanti
Keyword(s):  
Short Message Service ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Sms Reminder ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Anemia merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya perdarahan dan bisa mengakibatkan kematian pada ibu hamil. Suplementasi besi merupakan program pemerintah dalam mengatasi anemia pada wanita hamil dan beberapa wanita hamil masih ada yang belum patuh dalam mengkonsumsi tablet besi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah metode yang bisa meningkatkan kepatuhan wanita hamil dalam mengonsumsi tablet besi yaitu dengan short message service (SMS) reminder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas SMS reminderterhadap kepatuhan konsumsi tablet besi pada ibu hamil di (unit pelayanan terpadu) UPT Puskesmas Cibuntu Kota Bandung. Rancangan penelitian quasi experimentaldengan desain posttest-only with control group designdengan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan April–Mei tahun 2014 di Puskesmas X Kota Bandung. Sampel berjumlah 40 orang wanita hamil yang tidak patuh dalam mengonsumsi tablet besi yang dibagi menjadi 20 kelompok intervensi dan 20 kelompok kontrol. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dalam bentuk self report.Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar kelompok intervensi 17 orang (85%) patuh dan sebagian besar kelompok kontrol 16 orang (80%) tidak patuh. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan chi squaredidapatkan p(0.000) dengan taraf signifikan <0.05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa SMS reminder efektif terhadap kepatuhan konsumsi tablet besi pada wanita hamil dan bisa dijadikan bahan pertimbangan bagi pihak Puskesmas untuk menjalin kerjasama dengan pihak provideratau mengajukan dana ke Dinas Kesehatan untuk mengaktifkan SMS reminderdi Puskesmas.Kata kunci: Kepatuhan, SMS reminder,tablet besi, wanita hamil AbstractAnemia is one of the leading causes of hemorrhage during pregnancy, and it can cause death to expectant mothers. Iron supplementation is a government program to overcome anemia among expectant mothers, and some of the expectant mothers still do not obediently consume iron tablets. Therefore, to increase the obedience of the expectant mothers on consuming the iron tablets, SMS reminder is the appropriate method needed. This research aims to identify the effectiveness of SMS reminder to the obedience of iron tablets consumption among expectant mothers at UPT Puskesmas Cibuntu , Bandung. The research employed quasi-experimental design with posttest-only control group design using purposive sampling technique. The research was held on April–May 2014 at UPT Puskesmas Cibuntu, Bandung. Forty expectant mothers consuming iron tablets disobediently divided into 20 intervention groups and 20 control groups were taken as the samples. Questionnaire in form of self report was used to obtain data. In addition, descriptive analysis and chi square test were applied to analyze the data. The result of the research showed that 17 persons (85%) of intervention groups were mostly obedient, and 16 persons (80%) of control groups were mostly disobedient. From the analysis using chi square, it was found the difference of the obedience of iron tablets consumption after SMS reminder (p=0.00) had been delivered with significant level <0.05. Based on the result of this research, SMS reminder had an effective impact toward the obedience of iron tablets consumption among the expectant mothers. The result will be a good consideration for Puskesmas to cooperate with provider or proposed some funds to Dinas Kesehatan to activate SMS reminder.Key words:Expectant mothers, obedience, SMS reminder, iron tablets

APLIKASI ENKRIPSI DAN DEKRIPSI SMS DENGAN ALGORITMA ZIG ZAG CIPHER PADA MOBILE PHONE BERBASIS ANDROID

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivalri Kristianto Hondro
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Message Service

Kemajuan perkembangan teknologi komputer dan telekomunikasi dapat membantu menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan cepat, akurat dan efisien. Alat komunikasi yang banyak digunakan pada saat ini adalah mobile phone atau disebut juga telepon seluler. Salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi pada mobile phone adalah dengan mengirimkan data berupa pesan singkat atau SMS (Short Message Service). Permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam berkomunikasi menggunakan mobile phone adalah pencurian, penyadapan, atau penghapusan data khususnya data SMS (Short Message Service) sehingga aspek keamanan data dianggap penting. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sistem kriptografi enkripsi dan dekripsi SMS, disini digunakan enkripsi simetris. Sistem ini merupakan aplikasi yang menerapkan metode zig zag cipher yang menggunakan kunci simtetris. Hasil pengujian dari sistem ini adalah pesan SMS dienkripsi dengan pola zig zag menggunakan kunci dan didekripsi menggunakan kunci yang sama dengan enkripsi.

The Role of Mobile Phone Technology in Resolving Communal Conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Eymoi ◽  
Patrick Mbataru
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Message Service

The unprecedented global adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is rapidly changing the way people are communicating in solving problems. For several years now, the role of ICTs has become important in the way people construct their relationships in conflict resolution. Yet little is known on the dynamism of this interaction. It is not clear how mobile technology has contributed toward conflict resolution, and this study will contribute to the knowledge on the role of mobile telephones in conflict resolution. The purpose of this study was to explore how the mobile phone technology contributed in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya. This study was guided by three theories: conflict transformation theory, diffusion of innovations theory and social representation theory. The conflict Tansformation Theory is adopted as the main theory of analysis.  The main idea of this theory is transforming negative conflict into constructive conflict, deals with structural, behavioural and attitudinal aspects of conflict. This study adopted a descriptive survey. The population for this study consisted of 301 employees in ICT and security department where stakeholders in technology and security sectors and the public. Primary and secondary  data was analysed according to the objectives. Primary data was derived from questionnaires formulated to target employees in ICT and security department. The data analysis included qualitative and quantitative techniques.  Qualitative data was summarized and categorized according to common themes and was presented using frequency distribution tables, graphs and charts. Content analysis was used mostly to arrive at inferences through a systematic and objective identification of the specific messages. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results confirmed that short message service, social media plateform, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing play a role in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County. The study concludes that Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms and Instant Messaging Applications can be used conflict such as communal conflicts. Video Conferencing can be used to solve conflict such as relationship conflict, arises from differences in personality, style, matters of taste, and even conflict style as well as conflict in the workplace like task conflict. County government of Mandera must come up with ways of incorporating mobile phone technologies such as Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms, Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing on matters conflict resolution. The study recommends that the County Government of Mandera in collaboration with the National Government need to come up with agencies to regulate the use of social media as a medium to communicate in times of conflict since they are sometimes prone to misuse.

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