Influence of Substrate Composition and Container Size on the Growth of Tissue Culture Propagated Apple Rootstock Plants

Substrate composition and container size are considered crucial for apple rootstock grown in a plug seedling system. This study investigated the effect of substrate material’s proportion and different container volumes on the growth of apple rootstock (M-9) plants propagated by tissue culture. In substrate composition, three different ratios of peat moss (PM): vermiculite (VL): perlite (PL) at 1:1:1 (S1), 1:2:3 (S2), 3:1:2 (S3) were used. For container size, plants were grown in 1000 mL (C1), 500 mL (C2), and 300 mL (C3) containers filled by 1:1:1 mixture of PM, VL and PL. In both cases, plants were treated eleven weeks in a green house. Our results demonstrate that the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight of apple rootstock were significantly higher in substrate composition S3 compared with S1 composition. However, chlorophyll content (SPAD) and photosynthesis rate were unaffected by variation of substrate composition. Furthermore, rootstock grown in C1 container showed plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of nodes, root length, shoot and root’s fresh and dry weight were significantly higher than those grown in C2 and C3 volume containers. The chlorophyll content and transpiration rate were not significantly affected by the different container volumes. These results suggest that the substrate ratio 3:1:2 of PM:VL:PL and container size 1000 mL were more favorable than other treatments for initial growth and development of the tissue culture propagated apple rootstock plants.

Download Full-text

Heritability Analysis and Phenotypic Characterization of Spider Plant (Cleome gynandra L.) for Yield

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2018/8568424 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ann Kangai Munene ◽

Felister Nzuve ◽

Jane Ambuko ◽

Damaris Odeny

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Single Leaf ◽

High Heritability ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Stem Colour ◽

Spider Plant

Knowledge on phenotypic diversity among existing spider plant accessions is a milestone in the improvement of spider plant, which is a highly nutritious indigenous vegetable in Kenya. A study involving agronomic and morphological characterization of 49 spider plant accessions assembled from East and South Africa was carried out at the University of Nairobi Field Station for two seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phenotypic data was collected on growth habit, flower, petiole, leaf and stem colour, petiole, leaf and stem hairiness, number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of primary branches, leaf length and width, single leaf area, and chlorophyll content according to FAO descriptors with modifications. Data was analyzed using both DARwin software V6 and Genstat Version 14. We observed significant differences among the traits implying great genetic variability among the evaluated spider plant accessions. The high genetic variation was further validated using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering method with stem and flower colour as key traits. The 49-spider plant accessions were clustered into 2 major groups, each consisting of Kenyan and South African accessions. Stepwise regression revealed that plant height had the most influence on yield in terms of number of leaves per plant. We also observed high heritability for several traits including days to flowering (91%), number of leaves per plant (99%), plant height (99%), number of primary branches (94%), chlorophyll content (94%), and single leaf area (87%). Our results reveal the high genetic variation between different spider plant accessions, especially from different regions of Africa that could be further exploited to improve productivity in the plant. The high heritability of most of the yield related traits is promising for improving yield in the crop through direct selection.

Download Full-text

Penggunaan Beberapa Komposisi Spektrum Led Pada Potensi Dan Hasil Hidroponik Indoor Selada Keriting Hijau

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v20i1.26310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Daru Nurdianna ◽

Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri ◽

Dwi Harjoko

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Irradiation Treatment ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Led Irradiation

This study aims to determine the differences in the growth response of green curly lettuce to the differentiation treatment of LED lighting with different spectrum in indoor hydroponics. The research was conducted from October to November 2017. The experimental design used was experimental with 1 lighting factor with 5 levels, there are sunlight (P0), LED 20% blue: 80% red (P1), LED 80% blue: 20% red (P2), 50% blue LED: 50 % red (P3), and 100% white daylight (P4). Observational variables included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, leaf color, total wet weight, leaf wet weight, wet root weight and dry weight of the plant. The result of this experiment showed that LED irradiation have affect the treatment are plant height, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fresh weight of harvest, root length, and dry weight of brackets. While those that have no significant effect are the wet weight of the roots. The results showed that between LED irradiation treatment L1, L2, L3, and L4 showed that treatment L2 with 80% blue spectrum composition: 20% red showed better growth based on: high plant, chlorophyll content, and root length. Treatment with L4 with white LED showed better growth based on the number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of harvest, root wet weight, and dry weight of total biomass. The results below the sunlight better than the LED irradiation treatment, because the intensity of LED far low and lack of controlled environmental conditions technology and management for growing lettuce. In all of LED treatment still looked etiolation because light intensity was not optimal yet.

Download Full-text

Saline-sodic soil and organic matter addition in the cultivation of the colored cotton ‘BRS Topázio’

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p701 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 701

Author(s):

Magaly Morgana Lopes da Costa ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Number Of Leaves

he prevailing climate of the semiarid region in the northeastern region of Brazil along with inadequate irrigation management, have caused the formation of halomorphic soils, which have hampered agricultural production and environmental sustainability of this region. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence and initial growth of the cotton cultivar ‘BRS Topázio’ cultivated in soil with different levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and concentrations of organic matter (OM) in a greenhouse from April to June 2014. The experiment was set in a randomized block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of five ESP levels (13.6, 22.4, 30.1, 39.0, and 48.0) and four OM concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15% based on soil volume). Soils with an ESP ranging from 13.6 to 48.0 did not interfere with the emergence and number of leaves of cotton at 10 days after seeding (DAS). At 44 DAS, in the period preceding the flowering stage, ESPs ranging from 27 to 30 promoted greater plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM increased the emergence percentage and emergence speed index and, at 44 DAS, increased plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM mitigated the effect of the exchangeable sodium up to an ESP of 30 on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area at 10 DAS, and up to mean ESPs of 28.5 and 34.0 for the number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, at 44 DAS.

Download Full-text

Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1911

Author(s):

Blanca María Plaza ◽

Rita Maggini ◽

Eva Borghesi ◽

Alberto Pardossi ◽

María Teresa Lao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Water Content ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Tap Water ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Number Of Leaves

The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills might result in serious environmental pollution. The goal of the present assay was to assess if MSW wastewater (pure or treated) can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, studying its effects on plant biometric parameters as well as on anion concentrations and anion partitioning of the bedding plant Viola × wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), to detect possible harmful impacts on plants. The treatments tested were: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, the control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with pure wastewater negatively affected plant fresh weight, water content (on a fresh weight basis), leaf area, plant height and width, and the number of leaves and flowers due to an accumulation of SO42− in plant tissues. Phytodepurated wastewater improved plant fresh weight, water content, plant height and width, the number of leaves and flowers, and reduced the leaf area because this treatment decreased SO42− concentrations in wastewater by half. Pansy plants also showed high levels of nutrients (N, P, and Mg) when compared with fertigation with pure and diluted landfill leachate. These results show that phytodepurated wastewater from MSW can be used for the fertigation of pansy plants.

Download Full-text

COMPREHENSIVE EFFORTS SEED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUMOFFICINARUM L.) THROUGH A SINGLE METHOD BUD PLANTING A GARDEN SEEDS AND PLANTING MATERIAL

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i4.2018.1486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 111-120

Author(s):

Endang Suhesti ◽

Eko Widaryanto ◽

Budi Waluyoh ◽

Sri Winarsih

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Sugar Plantation ◽

Planting Material ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Number Of Leaves

The study was designed to improve the quality of the SBP as milled cane planting material by improving the early growth of plants. Research carried out gradually implemented in the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center (P3GI) Pasuruan, using two varieties of sugarcane are varieties Bululawang and PS 862 with numbers 7-16 buds. Germination (%), was observed on the 15th day after planting (DAP) and the growth of the plant include: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, as well as the production of biomass include: Dry weight (DW) and fresh weight (FW) plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots). Fresh Weight (BS) and Dry Weight (BK) total crop. The results showed the top eye numbers (7,8,9,10) for both varieties provide the same germination potential (> 70%). But the number of buds bottom (11,12,13,14,15,16) Bululawang varieties give a lower percent germination than varieties of PS 862. At PS 862 varieties buds numbers 8 and 9 can generate over 95 percent germination %. Number eye affects plant growth in polybag components which include plant height, leaf area and the number of leaves and observation of the biomass production shows the influence of the number of eyes. These parameters indicate a decrease in the number and size of the eyes of the lower numbers. While the diameter rod eye development is not affected numbers. PS 862 varieties showed faster growth than Bululawang varieties. However, exposure to biomass production, Bululawang varieties showed higher yields than at PS 862 varieties.

Download Full-text

Performance of gerbera varieties under naturally ventilated polyhouse

ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH ◽

10.47815/apsr.2021.10083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 351-355

Author(s):

M. VIJAYALAXMI ◽

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Flower Stalk ◽

Disc Diameter ◽

Stalk Diameter ◽

Flower Diameter ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Ray Florets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate ten varieties of gerbera under polyhouse conditions in Hyderabad. Vegetative, flowering and flower characters varied significantly among the cultivars and variations in different growth parameters were prominent. Mean performance of the cultivars revealed that cv. Helix recorded maximum plant height, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter and ray florets. The same cultivar Helix also produced maximum number of suckers per plant, number of flowers per plant, Fresh weight of flower, dry weight of flower and possessed longest field life which was at par with cv. Goliath. The cv. Goliath found superior with respect to maximum chlorophyll content, minimum days required for commence of first-flower and days taken for 50% flowering.Maximum disc diameter and number of leaves were produced by cv. balance. While cv. Savannah had significantly maximum leaf area and length of the flower stalk. However, the cv. ‘Montenegro recorded least mean value in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area, number of suckers, chlorophyll content, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter, ray florets, disc diameter, number of flowers per plant and took maximum days for first flower opening, 50 % flowering and which was late in inducing flowering had lesser duration of flowering. Cultivar Helix exerted best performance on various growth and flower characters along with the cultivars Goliath, Danaellen, Balance and Savannah.

Download Full-text

UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL MILL SOLID WASTE AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CHINESE KALE (Brassica alboglabra) IN EX COAL MINING SOIL

Agric ◽

10.24246/agric.2020.v32.i1.p29-38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

Made Deviani Duaja ◽

Elis Kartika ◽

D C Fransisca

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Mining Soil ◽

Chinese Kale ◽

Decanter Cake ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Palm Oil Mill

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the best combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic material from palm oil mill waste decanter cake, which give the best Chinese kale growth and yield at ex-coal mined soils. This is a pot research, conducted at Agricultural Farm, Agriculture Faculty, Jambi University, using RCBD with one factors and 11 treatments of combinations of NPK + Decanter Cake fertilizer from palm oil mill solid waste. The parameters observed were increase in plant height and number of leaves, leaf area and plant fresh weight. The results showed, the best treatments for increasing plant height and number of leaves was achieved at 50% of NPK from recommended doses with DC 20 ton/ha or 75% of NPK with DC 20 tons per hectare. For leaf area and plant fresh weight (yield), was achieved at 50 percent of NPK from recommended doses + DC 15 tons per hectare. The conclusion of this research is to increase chienese kale growth and yield in ex-coal mining soil can be done by fertilizing NPK 50 percent from recommended doses + decanter cake 15 tons per hectare.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK NPK MUTIARA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiatus L.)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v7i1.402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

Murdaningsih Murdaningsih

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Green Beans ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Npk Fertilizer

This study aims to determine the effect of NPK Mutiara fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of green beans and determine the optimum dosage of NPK Mutiara fertilizer that can deliver growth and yield optimal green beans. The design used in this study is a randomized block design with treatments used were N0 (without fertilizer NPK NPK 0 kg ha-1 or 0 g plot-1), N1 (NPK fertilizer 125 kg ha-1 or 25 g plot-1), N2 (NPK fertilizer 250 kg ha-1 or 50 g plot-1), N3 (NPK fertilizer 375 kg ha-1 or 75 g), N4 (NPK 500 kg ha-1 or 100 g plot-1). Variable observation in this study was plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of pods tan-1 fresh weight stover tan-1, the dry weight of stover tan-1, the dry weight of stover ha-1 dry weight of seed tan-1, heavy ha-1 dry beans, dry weight of 100 seeds. The results showed that treatment of NPK fertilizer dose of 500 kg ha-1 very significant effect on plant height of 27.75 cm, leaf number 8 strands, leaf area 357.78 cm2, Total pods 19.65, fresh weight stover tan-1 96, 25 g, dry weight of stover tan-1 76.00 g, stover dry weight ha-1 19.00 tons, dry weight of seed tan-1 5.36-gram dry weight seed ha-1 1.34 tonnes, the weight of 100 seeds 2.62 gr.

Download Full-text

DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG DAN UMUR PANEN PADA PRODUKSI BABY KANGKUNG (IPOMOEA REPTANS)

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v32i2.12210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Leviana Eka Vivia ◽

Trijono Djoko Sulistyo ◽

Mujiyo Mujiyo

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Free Field ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Internode Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Area Index ◽

Number Of Leaves

<p align="left"><em>The research aims to assess the yield of baby kale that can be consumed almost all of the parts and generate organic manure free. Field research was conducted in Sindon Village, Ngemplak, Boyolali in September to October 2016. The research method uses Randomized Complete Block Design factorial with two factors, these are the dosage of manure and the age of harvest. Manure consisted of 4 doses O1 (0 ton/ha), O2 (6 tons/ha) and O3 (8 tons/ha) and O4 (10 tons/ha), and age of harvest consisted of P1 (16 DAS), P2 (20 DAS), and P3 (24 DAS). Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, internode length, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area index, and harvest index. The result showed that age of harvest has significant influence plant height, internode length, the number of leaves, leaf area index, fresh weight, dry weight, and harvest index. Manure doses only influence dry weight. Manure dosage of 8 ton/ha and harvest age of 16 DAS is the best combination of baby kale. Manure dosage of 10 ton/ha and harvest age of 16 DAS produce baby kale that can be consumed almost in all parts of the plant with the highest harvest index that is equal to 0.83.</em></p>

Download Full-text

Interactions between Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth Performance of Gesnariad

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04117-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Le Luo ◽

Yichi Zhang ◽

Yingnan Wang ◽

Tangren Cheng ◽

Huitang Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Large Scale ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Crown Diameter ◽

Single Leaf ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Decision Making Model

Gesnariad (Primulina yungfuensis) is a popular houseplant species, native to southwest China. However, stunting frequently occurs as a result of limited knowledge about the growth requirements of this plant. Understanding water and fertilizer requirements of gesnariad are important for effective large-scale greenhouse cultivation. Using a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a rotatable central composite design (RCCD; half implementation), a pot experiment was performed in a natural-light greenhouse from June to Sept. 2014. The study assessed the interaction between irrigation volume (W) and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on plant height, crown diameter, number of leaves, single leaf area, and fresh weight. Results showed that W had a significant positive effect on plant height, crown diameter, single leaf area, and fresh weight. Furthermore, P fertilization resulted in increased leaf number. Combined P and K fertilization reduced individual leaf area, whereas combined N and P fertilization reduced fresh weight. By analyzing the multiobjective decision-making model, we found that a combination of 100.2 mL water, 3.6 mmol·L−1 N, 0.10 mmol·L−1 P, and 1.2 mmol·L−1 K could be used to achieve optimum growth of gesnariad.

Download Full-text