scholarly journals Tree Growth and Production of Rainfed Valencia Sweet Orange Grafted onto Trifoliate Orange Hybrid Rootstocks under Aw Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Antonio Juliano Ayres ◽  
Luiz Fernando Girotto ◽  
Leandro Peña
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Brazil is the largest producer of sweet orange and its juice in the world. Extensive cultivated area is located under an Aw climate in the North–Northwest of the state of São Paulo and the Triângulo of Minas Gerais state, being subjected to severe drought events. Although 56% of the orchards are irrigated in these regions, there is a need for drought tolerant rootstocks as an alternative to traditional genotypes such as Rangpur lime and Volkamer lemon, which are susceptible to the endemic citrus sudden death disease (CSD). In this sense, the tree size and production of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 23 rootstock genotypes were evaluated over a ten-year period in rainfed cultivation at 7.0 m × 3.0 m spacing. Most evaluated types resulted from the cross of Poncirus trifoliata with Citrus, but two interspecific hybrids of Citrus (Sunki mandarin × Rangpur lime hybrids), the Barnes trifoliate orange and a tetraploid selection of Swingle citrumelo were also tested. Tropical Sunki mandarin was used as the reference control. Those hybrids coming from the cross of Sunki × Flying Dragon induced large tree sizes to Valencia sweet orange as well as the other citrandarins, Tropical Sunki mandarin and the Sunki mandarin × Rangpur lime hybrids, whereas only the tetraploid Swingle citrumelo behaved as a dwarfing rootstock, decreasing the canopy volume by 77% compared to that induced by the most vigorous citrandarin 535. The citrandarins 543 and 602 and the citrange C38 induced the highest mean fruit production, 67.2 kg·tree−1, but they also caused pronounced alternate bearing and only the hybrid 543 led to a high production efficiency consistently. Graft incompatibility symptoms were not observed over the evaluation period, and the canopy shape of Valencia sweet orange was also influenced by the rootstocks tested. Two citrandarins and one citrange were selected as the most promising alternative rootstocks for Valencia sweet orange grown under an Aw climate, even though productivity would likely benefit from supplementary irrigation.

scholarly journals Horticultural Evaluation of New Citrus latipes Hybrids as Rootstocks for Citrus

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero ◽  
Giuseppe Russo ◽  
Santo Recupero ◽  
Roberto Zurru ◽  
Bruno Deidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

In 1968, the CRA-Research Center for Citriculture and Mediterranean Crops (CRA-ACM) started a research program aimed at breeding citrus rootstocks. The monoembryonic species C. latipes (Swing.) Tan. was used as the female parent; trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], sour orange, and volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Pasq.) were used as male parents. The behavior of some of these hybrids tested with other standard rootstocks in Sicily and Sardinia was evaluated. The cultivars under comparison included ‘Washington’ navel orange and ‘SRA 92’ clementine in Sardinia and ‘Tarocco’ orange in Sicily. Our results showed the dramatic influence of rootstock on plant growth and yield; only minor effects on fruit quality were observed. Among the standard rootstocks tested, Swingle citrumelo provided the highest yield. Some of the tested hybrids (F5 P12, F6 P12, and F6 P13) may improve plant yield, thus maintaining good fruit quality. Encouraging data obtained with these hybrids may justify the use of monoembryonic species of the Papeda subgenus for breeding citrus rootstocks.

scholarly journals Production of interstocked 'Pera' sweet orange nursey trees on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Incompatibility among certain citrus scion and rootstock cultivars can be avoided through interstocking. 'Pera' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) nursery tree production was evaluated on 'Swingle' citrumelo (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf x Citrus paradisi Macf) and 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Pasquale) incompatible rootstocks, using 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), 'Sunki' mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka), and 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka) as interstocks. Citrus nursery trees interstocked with 'Pera' sweet orange on both rootstocks were used as control. 'Swingle' citrumelo led to the highest interstock bud take percentage, the greatest interstock height and rootstock diameter, as well as the highest scion and root system dry weight. Percentage of 'Pera' sweet orange dormant bud eye was greater for plants budded on 'Sunki' mandarin than those budded on 'Valencia' sweet orange. No symptoms of incompatibility were observed among any combinations of rootstocks, interstocks and scion. Production cycle can take up to 17 months with higher plant discard.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF ‘TUXPAN VALENCIA’ SWEET ORANGE GRAFTED ONTO 14 ROOTSTOCKS IN NORTHERN BAHIA, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NATIANA DE OLIVEIRA FRANÇA ◽  
MAURICIO DA SILVA AMORIM ◽  
EDUARDO AUGUSTO GIRARDI ◽  
ORLANDO SAMPAIO PASSOS ◽  
WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Canopy Volume

ABSTRACT In the State of Bahia, Brazil, the citrus industry is located on the north coast with the prevalence of the combination ‘Pera’ sweet orange on ‘Rangpur’ lime. Scion-rootstock diversification may contribute to the increase of yield and the extension of harvest season, as long as to decrease the risk associated to abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, the performance of ‘Tuxpan Valencia’ sweet orange grafted onto 14 rootstocks was evaluated in Rio Real – BA. Planting was performed in 2006 under rainfed cultivation on cohesive ultisol and tree spacing of 6.0 m x 4.0 m. Tree size, yield and fruit quality were evaluated in the period of 2010-2014, in addition to tree survival at nine years old and drought tolerance in the field based on leaf wilting. In the evaluated conditions, ‘Sunki Tropical’ and ‘Sunki Maravilha’ mandarins led to the highest scion canopy volume. The highest accumulated yield in five harvests was recorded on ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Volkamer’ lemon, ‘Riverside’ and ‘Indio’ citrandarins, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and the hybrid TSKC x (LCR x TR) – 001. ‘Riverside’ and TSKFL x CTSW – 049 induced higher yield efficiency on the canopy. The rootstocks did not influence the tree survival nine years after planting except for lower survival of TSKFL x CTSW – 049. Drought tolerance was not affected either. Regarding to the fruit quality of ‘Tuxpan Valencia’, the rootstocks influenced the juice content, soluble solids and technological index with the citrandarins, ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Volkamer’ lemon and ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin presenting higher performance in general.

scholarly journals Performance of 'Oneco' mandarin on six rootstocks in South Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Alisson Pacheco Kovaleski ◽  
Eduardo Cesar Brugnara ◽  
Roberto Luis Weiler ◽  
Ivar Antônio Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Troyer Citrange

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of six rootstocks on yield, fruit quality, and growth of 'Oneco' mandarin during the first seven harvesting seasons, in Butiá, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The rootstocks evaluated were: 'Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), 'Caipira' orange (C. sinensis), 'Troyer' citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), 'Rangpur' lime (C. limonia), 'Volkamer' lemon (C. volkameriana), and 'Flying Dragon' trifoliata orange (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa). Plants budded onto 'Flying Dragon' had the lowest vegetative development, which indicates the dwarfing characteristics of this rootstock, and had the highest mean production efficiency, despite low yield. Plants grafted on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Rangpur' lime had the highest alternate bearing. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, the most adequate rootstocks for mandarin 'Oneco' are 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'Troyer' citrange, regarding fruit yield and quality.

scholarly journals Monitoring the viability of citrus rootstocks seeds stored under refrigeration

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Luis Fernando Carvalho Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Expression Rate ◽  
Germination And Growth

The citrus nursery tree is produced through the bud grafting process, in which rootstock is usually grown from seed germination. The objective of this research was to evaluate, in two dissimilar environmental conditions, the viability and polyembryony expression of five citrus rootstocks seeds stored in different periods under refrigeration. The rootstock varieties evaluated were: Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osb. cv. Limeira), Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. cv. Limeira), Citrumelo (P. trifoliata x C. paradisi Macf. cv. Swingle), Sunki mandarin (C. sunki Hort. ex Tanaka) and Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq. cv. Catania 2). The experimental design was the randomized blocks in a 11 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme, evaluating from time zero to the tenth month of storage, the five varieties of rootstock in two environments: germination and growth B.O.D type chamber (Biological Oxygen Demand - Eletrolab Brand Model FC 122) at 25 °C; and greenhouse seedbed with partial temperature control (22 °C to 36 °C) and humidity control (75-85%). The plot had 24 seeds in four replicates, using trays with substrate in greenhouse and Petri dishes with filter paper in B.O.D. chamber. The seed germination rate and polyembryony expression were evaluated monthly. It was concluded that Trifoliate and Citrumelo Swingle seeds can be stored for up to seven months, while Volkamer lemon, Rangpur lime and Sunki seeds can be stored for up to ten months. The polyembryony expression rate was slightly higher when measured in greenhouse than in B.O.D. chamber and remained stable in both environments until the seventh month, from which dropped sharply. Citrumelo Swingle seeds expressed the highest polyembryony rate (18.8%), followed by Rangpur lime and Volkamer lemon (average value of 13.7%), Sunki (9.4%) and Trifoliate (3.2%). Despite some differences among varieties, the viability of rootstock stored seeds can be monitored either in the greenhouse or in B.O.D. germination chamber, the latter being the faster and more suitable method.

scholarly journals Production of 'Valência' sweet orange on 41 rootstocks in the north of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-778
Author(s):  
André Luiz Fadel ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
Yuri Caires Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
The North ◽  
Volkamer Lemon

Abstract: The objective of this work was to select alternative rootstocks to 'Rangpur' lime for 'Valência' sweet orange scions in the northern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on initial fruit yield. Forty-one rootstocks were evaluated in an experiment carried out in March 2007, in the municipality of Colômbia, in the state of São Paulo. The accumulated fruit yield of 'Valência' sweet orange was assessed in the 2009, 2010, and 2011 crop seasons. The rootstocks 'Sunki' mandarin x Poncirus. trifoliata 'English', 'Malvasio SRA 115' mandarin, 'C-13' “S” citrange, 'Sunki' mandarin x P. trifoliata 'Benecke', 'Valência Rhode Red' sweet orange + 'Volkamer' lemon, 'C-54-4-4 SRA 337' mandarin, 'Cleopatra' mandarin x P. trifoliata 'Rubidoux', and 'À Peau Lisse SRA 267' have potential to replace 'Rangpur' lime in the northern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

scholarly journals ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees on five rootstocks in Northern Parana state, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida da Cruz ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
Rui Pereira Leite Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Abstract Studies on rootstocks and scions are of major importance for citrus crop production. The goal of this study was to evaluate vegetative growth, yield performance, and fruit quality of ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees grafted on five different rootstocks in Northern Parana state, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with six replications, two plants per plot, and five treatments: ‘Rangpur’ lime; ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin, ‘Sunki’ mandarin; ‘Swingle’ citrumelo; and ‘Fepagro C-13’ citrange. Tree vegetative growth, yield performance, and fruit physical-chemical characteristics were analyzed. ‘Sunki’ mandarin provided the largest canopy volume for ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees, whereas ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Fepagro C-13’ citrange, and ‘Rangpur’ lime provided a smaller volume for tree canopy. Compared to Rangpur lime, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo provided higher accumulated yield and production efficiency for ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees. All rootstocks induced good physical and chemical quality to ‘Navelina’ sweet orange fruits.

scholarly journals Rootstocks for 'Tahiti' lime

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Maria Colauto Stenzel ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

The 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) is an important commercial citrus cultivar in Brazil. 'Rangpur' lime has being used as its main rootstock, but it is susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora, reducing tree longevity. An experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with three trees per plot of each rootstock and four replicates, and run for 12 years, aiming to compare the performance of 'IAC-5 Tahiti' lime, budded on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osb.); 'C-13' citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'African' rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.); 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.); trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'Sunki' mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.) and 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.). Eleven years after the establishment of the orchard, trees with the greatest canopy development were budded on 'C-13' citrange and 'African' rough lemon, and both differed significantly from trees budded on trifoliate orange, 'Sunki' and 'Cleopatra' mandarins, which presented the smallest canopy development. Trees budded on 'Rangpur' lime and 'C-13' citrange had the highest cumulative yields, and were different from trees budded on trifoliate orange, 'Cleopatra' and 'Sunki' mandarins. There was no rootstock effect on mean fruit weight and on the total soluble solid/acid ratio in the juice. The 'Rangpur' lime and the 'Cleopatra' mandarin rootstocks reduced longevity of plants.

scholarly journals Performance of ‘Cadenera’ orange trees grafted on five rootstocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Ricardo Domingues ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Inês Fumiko Ubukata Yada ◽  
Rui Pereira Leite Junior ◽  
Zuleide Hissano Tazima
Keyword(s):  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Canopy Size ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Abstract Citriculture is an important alternative for the agribusiness development in the state of Paraná, Brazil. However, the use of a few cultivars of scion and rootstock restricts the harvest period and increases the vulnerability to pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth, production and fruit quality of ‘Cadenera’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ) grafted on five rootstocks, during nine harvests, under a subtropical environmental condition. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications, two plants per plot, and five rootstocks: ‘Rangpur’ lime (C. limonia Osb.), ‘Cleopatra’ (C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka ) and ‘Sunki’ mandarins (C. sunki hort. ex Tanaka (L.) Raf.), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo [C. paradisi Macfad. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], and ‘C-13’ citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Pera x P.s trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. Biometric variables, and fruit yield and quality were analyzed. The smallest canopy size was induced by ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘C 13’ citrange rootstocks. ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and ‘C 13’ citrange provided the highest yields for the ‘Cadenera’ sweet orange trees and were superior to ‘Rangpur’ lime. Trees grafted on ‘C 13’ citrange presented the highest yield and productive efficiency.

scholarly journals Rootstocks and the Performance and Economic Returns of ‘Hamlin’ Sweet Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Castle ◽  
James C. Baldwin ◽  
Ronald P. Muraro
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
C 32 ◽  
Orange Trees

‘Hamlin’ is a principal sweet orange grown in Florida for processing. It is productive but produces juice with low soluble solids content and poor color. A long-term trial was conducted in central Florida to determine rootstock effects on yield and juice quality and the effect of economic analysis on the interpretation of the horticultural results. The trees were a commonly used commercial selection of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] propagated on 19 rootstocks planted in a randomized complete block design of three-tree plots with six replicates in a Spodosol soil at a density of 350 trees/ha. Routine horticultural data were collected from the original trial (H1) for 10 years. Trees on some rootstocks that grew and yielded poorly were removed within a few years and replaced with a second trial (H2) with 13 rootstocks from which data were collected for 5 years. The H1 data were financially analyzed to compare the relative usefulness of horticultural and economic data in interpreting results and making rootstock decisions. In H1 after 10 years, tree height ranged from greater than 5 m [Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.)] and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Hort. ex Tan.) to 2.4 m {Flying Dragon trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. ]}. In H2, the trees on somatic hybrid rootstocks were ≈2 m tall after 8 years and 4.4 m among those on mandarins and C-32 citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata). Tree losses from citrus blight were generally low except for the trees on Carrizo and Troyer citranges (greater than 50%). Horticulturally, the highest performing trees in H1, measured by cumulative yield and soluble solids production over 10 years, were those on Carrizo, Troyer, and Benton citranges; poor performers were those on Smooth Flat Seville and Kinkoji (putative sour orange hybrids). Fruit yield and soluble solids production were directly related to tree height regardless of the difference among rootstocks in juice quality. The same relationship existed among the trees in H2 in which the best rootstocks were C-32 and Morton citranges. Trees on Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata) ranked no. 12 of 19 rootstocks and 9 of 13 rootstocks in H1 and H2, respectively. Financial interpretation of the outcomes to include tree replacement resulting from blight losses did not substantially change the horticultural interpretations. Additional financial analyses demonstrated that the performance of trees on rootstocks with relatively low productivity/tree, like those on C-35 citrange and Kinkoji, would equal those on more vigorous rootstocks when tree vigor was properly matched with spacing. Yield determined the economic outcomes and financial analysis aided the interpretation of rootstock horticultural effects but did not greatly alter the relationship among rootstock results. Highly significant correlations between annual and cumulative data indicated that relative rootstock performance among ‘Hamlin’ orange trees in Florida could be reliably determined based on the first 4 cropping years.

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