scholarly journals Barley Varieties Stoneham and Sydney Exhibit Mild Antibiosis and Antixenosis Resistance to the Wheat Curl Mite, Aceria tosichella (Keifer)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Aguirre-Rojas ◽  
Luaay Kahtan Khalaf ◽  
Charles Michael Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella (Keifer), devastates cereal crops worldwide by direct feeding damage and transmission of several deadly viruses. Deployment of cereal crop varieties resistant to A. tosichella is key for reduction of crop yield losses, and management of this mite and associated viruses that it transmits. Barley varieties resistant to A. tosichella are not known to exist. The objectives of this study were to determine if A. tosichella resistance exists in the barley varieties Sydney and Stoneham, which are resistant to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurjumov), and, further, to determine which categories mediate the resistance. Categories of resistance to both A. tosichella biotypes were evaluated independently in non-choice and choice experiments using wheat varieties Ike and OK05312 as susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. Sydney barley displays mild antixenosis and antibiosis resistance to A. tosichella biotype 1 and 2, respectively. Stoneham barley exhibits only mild antibiosis to biotype 2. No evidence for plant tolerance was found in either barley variety to either mite biotype.

Molecular markers indicate that the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, may represent a species complex in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carew ◽  
M. Schiffer ◽  
P. Umina ◽  
A. Weeks ◽  
A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Mitochondrial 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractThe wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, is an eriophyoid pest of cereals, and the vector responsible for transmitting wheat streak mosaic virus. Several authors have suggested cryptic species of this mite identified through morphological variation, but this has never been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we use the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and two nuclear markers (internal transcribed spacer 1 and adenine nucleotide translocase) to show that WCM from Australia consists of at least two separate lineages that may represent putative species. In our study, both WCM variants were widespread and the only eriophyoids found on wheat varieties. The WCM variants were also found on alternate host plants, including some plants not known to host WCM. These results have implications for the control of this pest within Australian cereal crops.

scholarly journals Differences in Aceria tosichella population responses to wheat resistance genes and wheat virus transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luaay Khalaf ◽  
Wen-Po Chuang ◽  
L. M. Aguirre-Rojas ◽  
Peter Klein ◽  
C. Michael Smith
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella

Abstract Severe winter wheat yield losses due to infestations of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, and mite-transmitted viruses occur in wheat production areas of the United States and Canada. Mite infestation alone causes stunted, chlorotic plants in susceptible wheat varieties, and mites transmit Wheat Streak Mosaic (WSMV), High Plains Wheat Mosaic (HPWMoV), and Triticum Mosaic Virus (TriMV). Wheat curl mites were collected from 25 sites in Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Texas, North Dakota, and South Dakota in 2014 and 2015. At each site, mite virulence was determined to wheat plants harboring the Cmc2-, Cmc3-, or Cmc4 mite resistance gene; or Cmc4 plus the Wsm2 WSMV resistance gene. Mites collected from 92%, 36%, and 24% of sites were virulent to susceptible Jagger wheat plants (no Cmc), Cmc2, and Cmc3, respectively. The mega-population consisting of all 25 mite sub-populations was avirulent to 80% of plants containing Cmc4 + Wsm2 or Cmc4. WSMV, HPWMoV, or TriMV was present in mites at 76%, 16%, and 8% of the 25 sites, respectively. Our results will enable breeders to increase the efficiency of wheat production by releasing wheat varieties containing wheat curl mite resistance genes that reduce wheat yield losses.

Seed damage and sources of yield loss by Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in resistant wheat varietal blends relative to susceptible wheat cultivars in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.H. Smith ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
S.L. Fox ◽  
C.L. Vera ◽  
R.M. DePauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Wheat Midge

AbstractSpring wheat varieties with the Sm1 gene for resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were compared with susceptible wheat (Triticum Linnaeus; Poaceae) with respect to sources of yield loss and reduction in market value from wheat midge feeding damage. Four resistant varietal blends (90% Sm1 wheat plus 10% susceptible refuge) and four susceptible cultivars were grown in replicated experiments at eight locations in western Canada. Frequencies and 1000-kernel weights of undamaged and midge-damaged seeds were assessed before harvest by dissecting samples of ripe spikes, and after harvest in samples of cleaned grain. Spike data were used to estimate yield losses from reduced weight of damaged seeds and loss of severely damaged seeds (⩽8 mg) at harvest. Among midge-damaged seeds in spikes, few were severely damaged in resistant varietal blends, whereas most were severely damaged in susceptible cultivars. Cleaned, harvested grain of resistant varietal blends and susceptible cultivars had similar frequencies of midge damage and were assessed similar market grades. The primary benefit of midge-resistant wheat was reduced yield loss due to seed damage by wheat midge larvae. Resistant wheat did not protect against loss of market grade, but market value could increase due to larger yields.

scholarly journals Wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella, and transmitted viruses: an expanding pest complex affecting cereal crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Navia ◽  
Renata Santos de Mendonça ◽  
Anna Skoracka ◽  
Wiktoria Szydło ◽  
Danuta Knihinicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella

scholarly journals Plant Morphological, Physiological and Anatomical Adaption to Flooding Stress and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Weitao Jia ◽  
Maohua Ma ◽  
Jilong Chen ◽  
Shengjun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
The Future ◽  
Plant Acclimation

Globally, flooding is a major threat causing substantial yield decline of cereal crops, and is expected to be even more serious in many parts of the world due to climatic anomaly in the future. Understanding the mechanisms of plants coping with unanticipated flooding will be crucial for developing new flooding-tolerance crop varieties. Here we describe survival strategies of plants adaptation to flooding stress at the morphological, physiological and anatomical scale systemically, such as the formation of adventitious roots (ARs), aerenchyma and radial O2 loss (ROL) barriers. Then molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive strategies are summarized, and more than thirty identified functional genes or proteins associated with flooding-tolerance are searched out and expounded. Moreover, we elaborated the regulatory roles of phytohormones in plant against flooding stress, especially ethylene and its relevant transcription factors from the group VII Ethylene Response Factor (ERF-VII) family. ERF-VIIs of main crops and several reported ERF-VIIs involving plant tolerance to flooding stress were collected and analyzed according to sequence similarity, which can provide references for screening flooding-tolerant genes more precisely. Finally, the potential research directions in the future were summarized and discussed. Through this review, we aim to provide references for the studies of plant acclimation to flooding stress and breeding new flooding-resistant crops in the future.

scholarly journals Weed harrowing in organically grown cereal crops avoids yield losses without reducing weed diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Armengot ◽  
Laura José-María ◽  
Lourdes Chamorro ◽  
Francesc Xavier Sans
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Organically Grown

scholarly journals Inheritance of Antibiosis Resistance to the Dectes Stem Borer, Dectes texanus, in Soybean PI165673

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Lina M. Aguirre-Rojas ◽  
Lawrent L. Buschman ◽  
Brian McCornack ◽  
William T. Schapaugh ◽  
Erin D. Scully ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

Dectes texanus larvae girdles the stems of soybean and cultivated sunflowers causing significant yield losses in North America. The soybean Plant Introduction (PI) 165673 exhibits antibiosis resistance to the larval stage. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the inheritance of D. texanus resistance in PI165673; (2) evaluate PI165673 antibiosis resistance before 21 d post infestation; (3) evaluate girdling damage in PI16563 at the end of the season. K07-1544/PI165673 F2 and F2:3 populations were tested for resistance to D. texanus in 2011 and 2012, and PI165673 antibiosis resistance and girdling damage were evaluated in 2014. Segregation for resistance to D. texanus and heritability estimates in the F2 and F2:3 populations indicated that resistance was controlled by two genes with dominant and recessive epistasis. Antibiosis evaluations indicated: (1) PI165673 contained lower number of larvae and eggs relative to the number of oviposition punctures at 15 d post infestation; (2) the proportion of first-instar larvae was higher in PI165673 at 15 d post infestation; (3) larvae reach the sixth-instar stage in PI165673. None of the PI165673 plants were girdled at the end of the season. Identification of additional sources of D. texanus resistance is required to impair larval development in the stem.

scholarly journals The Behavior of Wheat Varieties to Attack By Fusarium Spp. in Different Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maria ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Alexandra SUCIU ◽  
Elena NAGY
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Qualitative Nature

Fusarium  is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases of cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye), mainly due to the attack on the ears. In favorable areas for Fusarium , attack causes significant damage in terms of quantity, as a result of reducing the number of berries and THGW's decline, and loss of a qualitative nature, due to lower grain protein content and mycotoxins occurrence. The yield losses caused by Fusarium in wheat, varies from year to year, mainly driven by climatic conditions and technological, source of inoculum and cultivated variety. The objective of this paper was to determine the reaction of wheat varieties to the attack by Fusarium spp. in different test conditions. The researches took place in ARDS Turda, in the Laboratory of Phytopathology. The experiments were located by randomized block method in three replications. Biological material was represented by three varieties of wheat, developed by the Laboratory of Wheat Improvement. Test methods were: uninoculated-untreated, inoculated-untreated, inoculated-treated and uninoculatedtreated. The inoculation was done with the suspension of Fusarium spp. and treatments were applied with products: Falcon 250 EC and Prosaro 460 EC. The manifestation degree of Fusarium was expressed as the percentage of ears and grains infected, and production was expressed by t / ha. After observations and statistical processing of data we can say that the percentage of infected grain varies between 0-16 %, for varieties studied. Yield obtained have been affected by the test version in the two experimental years, the lowest yields were obtained in natural and artificial infection, but without treatment, ranging between 4.7 to 4.9 t / ha in 2010 and 2.8 to 3.9 in 2011.

scholarly journals Genome Editing in Cereals: Approaches, Applications and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waquar A. Ansari ◽  
Sonali U. Chandanshive ◽  
Vacha Bhatt ◽  
Altafhusain B. Nadaf ◽  
Sanskriti Vats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Current Scenario

Over the past decades, numerous efforts were made towards the improvement of cereal crops mostly employing traditional or molecular breeding approaches. The current scenario made it possible to efficiently explore molecular understanding by targeting different genes to achieve desirable plants. To provide guaranteed food security for the rising world population particularly under vulnerable climatic condition, development of high yielding stress tolerant crops is needed. In this regard, technologies upgradation in the field of genome editing looks promising. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is a rapidly growing genome editing technique being effectively applied in different organisms, that includes both model and crop plants. In recent times CRISPR/Cas9 is being considered as a technology which revolutionized fundamental as well as applied research in plant breeding. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully demonstrated in many cereal crops including rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Availability of whole genome sequence information for number of crops along with the advancement in genome-editing techniques provides several possibilities to achieve desirable traits. In this review, the options available for crop improvement by implementing CRISPR/Cas9 based genome-editing techniques with special emphasis on cereal crops have been summarized. Recent advances providing opportunities to simultaneously edit many target genes were also discussed. The review also addressed recent advancements enabling precise base editing and gene expression modifications. In addition, the article also highlighted limitations such as transformation efficiency, specific promoters and most importantly the ethical and regulatory issues related to commercial release of novel crop varieties developed through genome editing.

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