scholarly journals Effect of MSTN Mutation on Growth and Carcass Performance in Duroc × Meishan Hybrid Population

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Weijian Li ◽  
Rongyang Li ◽  
Yinghui Wei ◽  
Xueqing Meng ◽  
Binbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

The Meishan pig is a traditional Chinese native breed, known for its excellent reproduction performance that is widely used in commercial pig production through two-way or three-way crossbreeding systems. However, the lean meat yield of Meishan crossbred pigs is still very low and cannot meet the market demand. To evaluate the lean meat yield of Meishan crossbred pigs, six wild-type Meishan sows were artificially inseminated by using the MSTN+/− Duroc boar semen in this experiment. Some reproductive performance-related traits of Meishan sows were recorded to ensure that semen from MSTN knockout Duroc boar did not affect offspring production, including total births, live births, sex, and litter weight. In total, 73 piglets were obtained and 63 were alive. Male to female ratio was close to 1: 1. because of factors such as disease, only 43 pigs were utilized, including 28 MSTN mutant pigs (MSTN+/−) and 15 MSTN homozygous pigs (MSTN+/+). We compared the growth performance and carcass performance of these full or half-sib populations and found that there were no differences between MSTN+/− and MSTN+/+ genotypes for live animal measures including average daily gain (ADG), body dimensions, or ultrasonic measurement of fat thickness when pigs were harvested after 120 days of feeding. Conversely, the MSTN+/− pigs had higher dressing percentage and lean meat percentage, lower level of carcass fat, larger longissimus muscle area, less percentage of skin and skeleton, thinner average backfat thickness, and lower intramuscular fat (IMF) content than MSTN+/+ pigs. In conclusion, the production of MSTN+/− mutant progeny from Meishan females resulted in improved carcass composition, providing a feasible solution to improve the lean meat yield of Chinese local fat-type pig breeds.

Predicting lean meat yield in beef cattle using ultrasonic muscle depth and width measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., S. P. Miller ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

The value of live ultrasound longissimus dorsi depth and width measurements as predictors of estimated carcass lean meat yield of steers (CARLEAN-S) and bulls (CARLEAN-B) was studied. In trial 1, equations were developed to predict estimated lean meat yield of steers (n = 116) from carcass weight (Eq. 1) or liveweight (Eq. 2), fat depth and l. dorsi area or liveweight, fat depth and l. dorsi depth × width (Eq. 3). Equation 1 was most precise (RSD = 25.6 g kg-1), followed by Eq. 2 (RSD = 27.8g kg-1) and Eq. 3 (RSD = 30.2g kg-1). Equations 2 and 3 predicted CARLEAN-S with similar accuracy (SEP = 23.8 vs. 24.9 g kg-1, respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89) in an independent data set (n = 118). Repeatability and accuracy of pre-slaughter l. dorsi depth and width measurements were studied in yearling bulls (trial 2; n = 191). When ultrasound measurements were expressed as a percentage of the average ultrasound measurement, repeatabilities of l. dorsi depth (SER = 6.2 to 7.8%) and width (SER = 4.2 to 6.1%) measurements were similar to fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SER = 17.9 and 4.5%, respectively). When ultrasound measurements were compared to the corresponding carcass measurements, l. dorsi depth (SEP = 10.3 to 13.9%) and width (SEP = 6.7 to 8.5%) measurements were as accurate as fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SEP = 32.9 and 8.4%, respectively). Equations were developed to predict CARLEAN-B of yearling bulls (n = 82) from liveweight, 12th rib ultrasound fat depth and either l. dorsi depth × width measurements (Eqs. 4 and 5) or two l. dorsi depth measurements (Eq. 6). All equations had similar precision (RSD = 19.4 to 19.5 g kg-1) and predicted CARLEAN-B similarly (SEP = 25.0, 24.6 and 26.1g kg-1 for Eqs. 4, 5 and 6, respectively) in an independent data set (n = 109). All equations were highly correlated (r ≥0.97) with an equation using ultrasound fat depth and l. dorsi area in the independent data set. Longissimus muscle depth and width measurements were as valuable as l. dorsi area for predicting carcass composition of yearling beef bulls in the present study. Key words: Ultrasound, beef cattle, carcass traits

Meat yield and subjective muscle scores in medium weight steers

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Perry ◽  
AP Yeates ◽  
WA McKiernan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Medium Weight

The association between visually assessed muscle scores on live steers and their carcasses, eye muscle area, and the yield of saleable and lean meat was determined on 156 steers of mixed breeds (mean carcass weight 282 kg, mean P8 fat depth 13 mm). The contribution of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat to differences in saleable meat yield was also investigated. There was a negative correlation between P8 fat depth and both live ( r = -0.21) and carcass muscle score (r. = -0.31); therefore, the assessors were not scoring fatter steers as having better shape. The correlation between live and carcass muscle scores was 0.79. The correlation between carcass muscle score and eye muscle area was 0.58. When live muscle score, carcass muscle score, or eye muscle area was included in regression models already containing weight and fat depth, there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the amount of variation in saleable and lean meat yield explained by the models. At the same liveweight and fat depth, a change in live muscle score from C (moderately muscled) to B (well muscled) was accompanied by an increase of 1.7% in saleable meat and 2.2% in lean meat, when these were expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. The equivalent change in carcass muscle score in carcasses of the same weight and f a t depth was accompanied by an increase of 1.9% in saleable meat and 2.4% in lean meat. The increased weight of saleable meat was not due to an increase in the dissected fat content of the meat. Weight of subcutaneous fat decreased as muscle score increased (P<0.01). There was no significant association between the amount of intermuscular fat and either live or carcass muscle score (r. = -0.075 and -0.18, respectively).

Use of live ultrasound, weight and linear measurements to predict carcass composition of young beef bulls

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
I. B. Mandell ◽  
W. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Short Probe ◽  
Beef Bulls

Pre-slaughter ultrasound and whole side dissection data from 47 crossbred bulls were used to assess (1) the relative value of six previously published equations based on live animal measurements, (2) the value of alternative pre-slaughter measurements, and (3) the value of alternative ultrasound probes as predictors of whole side lean meat yield. Analysis of absolute bias-corrected residuals indicated that all six previously published equations predicted whole side lean meat yield with similar accuracy (P = 0.62), but analysis of absolute rank residuals indicated that an equation originally based on carcass measurements tended (P = 0.17) to rank bulls less precisely than five ultrasound-based equations. Breed composition, age, liveweight, hip width, heart girth, and round muscle depths did not contribute to new lean meat yield prediction equations (P > 0.10), but height, 12th/13th rib body wall, rump fat, and gluteus medius muscle depths and marbling score did (P < 0.10). However, examination of absolute residuals and absolute rank residuals indicated that accuracy (P = 0.55) and precision (P = 0.64) did not improve significantly compared to equations based only on height, rib fat and longissimus muscle size. Similarly, analysis of absolute residuals and absolute rank residuals indicated that fat and longissimus muscle depth measurements collected with a short probe predicted whole side lean meat yield as accurately and precisely as measurements collected with a long probe. Results indicated that (1) equations based on live measurements may provide more precise predictions of lean meat yield than equations derived from carcass measurements, (2) supplementing ultrasonic rib fat and longissimus muscle measurements with additional ultrasound measurements did not improve the accuracy or precision of lean meat yield prediction, and (3) lean meat yield of yearling bulls can be accurately predicted using fat and longissimus muscle depth measurements collected with a short probe. Key words: Ultrasound, beef bulls, carcass composition, prediction models

Understanding the impact of sire lean meat yield breeding value on carcass composition, meat quality, nutrient and mineral content of Australian lamb

Meat Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 108236
Author(s):  
Matthew I. Knight ◽  
Kym L. Butler ◽  
Nick P. Linden ◽  
Viv F. Burnett ◽  
Alex J. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of diet, breed and slaughter endpoint on growth performance, carcass composition and beef quality traits in Limousin and Charolais steers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Mandell ◽  
E. A. Gullett ◽  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
O. B. Allen ◽  
V. R. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety-six Charolais and Limousin steers were used to evaluate 75% grain (whole barley or corn) diets and two slaughter endpoints (7 mm backfat or 568 kg liveweight) in an experiment designed to constrain carcass weights to under approximately 341 kg yet produce optimal beef quality. Each breed was represented by eight progeny from each of six sires. The trial was terminated after 281 d feeding regardless of individual steers attaining designated slaughter endpoints. Limited availability of dietary energy in whole-barley diets resulted in decreased (P < 0.01) average daily gain and increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake, feed/gain and days on feed for barley- vs. corn-fed cattle. Charolais outgained (P < 0.05) Limousin but dry matter intake was similar on a g BW00.75 basis. Feeding to 568 kg liveweight was associated with high (P < 0.10) ADG and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/gain compared with feeding to 7 mm. Corn feeding increased (P < 0.001) carcass weights, fat deposition and longissimus muscle area. Lean deposition was greater (P < 0.01) in Limousin than Charolais. Taste panel assessment of tenderness, flavour and juiciness in longissimus muscle was generally not affected (P > 0.10) by diet, breed or slaughter endpoint. Twelve primal ribs from each of Agriculture Canada's marbling classifications (A, AA, AAA) were purchased and processed identically to ribs from the test cattle. Shear and tenderness scores were similar (P > 0.10) across test cattle and purchased ribs, despite intramuscular fat contents of 20.2, 27.1, 35.6 and 49.7 g kg−1 respectively, for test cattle and trace, slight and small marbled ribs. Slight and small marbled ribs did have higher (P < 0.05) taste panel scores for initial juiciness and flavour than ribs from the test cattle. While 26% of carcasses from test cattle graded Canada B1 due to either inadequate finish or marbling, similar tenderness and shear scores were probably due to age of test cattle at slaughter which averaged 481 ± 45 d plus the fact that all roasts were aged 7 d prior to freezing. Key words: Charolais, Limousin, marbling, fatness, palatability, carcass weight, beef cattle, tenderness

Elliotdale and crossbred lambs: growth rate, wool production, fat depth, saleable meat yield, carcass composition and muscle content of selected cuts

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
KD Gilbert ◽  
KL Pirlot ◽  
AHK Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carcass Parameters

Growth and carcass parameters were studied for 62 second-cross lambs (Poll Dorset rams over Border Leicester x Merino ewes) and 55 purebred Elliottdale lambs. Second cross lambs grew faster (P<0.001) from weaning to the first slaughter time than Elliottdale lambs and consequently weighed more and had heavier carcasses. Elliottdale lambs produced significantly (P<0.001) more wool between birth and weaning. The slope of the relationship between GR (tissue depth over the 12th rib 110 mm from the midline) and carcass weight was 1.24 � 0.23 mm/kg for second cross lambs and 0.82 � 0.17 mm/kg for Elliottdale lambs, indicating the latter lambs were leaner at heavier weights. Measures of subcutaneous fat depth at the 5th/6th and 12th/13th ribs were similar when carcass weight differences were considered for a subsample of 21 second cross and 26 purebred Elliottdale lambs. Subjective assessment of fat distribution and carcass conformation by 2 assessors revealed a significant (P<0.001) difference between breeds; second cross lambs having a better conformation. Saleable meat yield, carcass composition, and muscle content of several cuts were determined for a subsample of lambs. At a common side weight of 8 kg there was no significant difference in saleable meat yield. At this weight, crossbred lambs had a significantly (P<0.05) higher muscle content (505 g/kg) than Elliottdale lambs (480 g/kg). Fat content was similar at 300 g/kg with crossbred lambs having significantly (P<0.05) less bone (190 g/kg) than Elliottdale lambs (2 10 g/kg). The legs of carcasses from crossbred lambs were shown to contain significantly more muscle than those of Elliottdales (206 v. 195 g/kg). Carcass weight explained some of the variation in weight of leg and forequarter muscle (r2 = 0.63 and 0.61). This was improved by including an assessment for conformation from 1 assessor (r2 = 0.69 and 0.64). Eye muscle area at the 12th rib did not add significantly to the prediction; it was not different between breeds, nor was its depth to width ratio different between breeds. The pH measurements of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were similar between breeds.

Using Australian Sheep Breeding Values to increase lean meat yield percentage

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gardner ◽  
A. Williams ◽  
J. Siddell ◽  
A. J. Ball ◽  
S. Mortimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
The Impact

This study describes the impact of Australian Sheep Breeding Values (ASBV) for post-weaning weight (PWWT), C-site fatness (PFAT) and eye muscle depth (PEMD) on lamb carcasses within the Australian Sheep Industry CRC Information Nucleus Flock. These results are taken from the 2007 drop progeny, consisting of ~2000 lambs slaughtered at a target weight of 21.5 kg. These lambs were the progeny of sires selected to ensure genetic diversity across various production traits. As expected, the PWWT ASBV increased weight at slaughter, and hot standard carcass weight. Dressing percentage was markedly improved by increasing PEMD ASBV, thus prime lamb producers will be maintaining an animal of similar weight on farm, but delivering a markedly larger carcass at slaughter. Lean meat yield % (LMY%) was highest in the progeny of sires with low PFAT ASBV, which decreased whole carcass fatness and increased muscularity. PWWT ASBV affected carcass composition but had little impact on LMY%, as the decreased fatness was largely offset by increased bone, with relatively little change in muscle content. Lastly, PEMD ASBV had little impact on whole carcass LMY%, but did appear to cause some level of muscle redistribution to the higher value loin cuts, in turn increasing the value of the carcass lean.

scholarly journals Ractopamine hydrochloride in formulated rations for barrows or gilts from 94 to 130 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Experimental Block ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance, carcass composition, cutting yields and economic viability of 5 or 10 ppm of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) in diets for barrows and gilts from 94 to 130 kg. Sixty commercial hybrid pigs within a gender, were individually kept in pens and assigned a randomized experimental block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of RAC (0; 5 and 10 ppm) and two sexs (barrows and gilts). There were no RAC × sex interactions for all evaluated parameters. There were significant improvements for the groups of RAC-treated on final weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed:gain (F:G). The RAC, independent from the level (5 or 10 ppm), improved the F:G, but did not influence the average feed intake. The gilts had smaller final weight, smaller average feed intake and better F:G. The supplementation with 10 ppm of RAC provided better carcass yield, better longissimus muscle area and better meat percentage. The pigs supplemented with RAC showed better tenderloin yield, better ham weight and better meat percentage of ham. The gilts had better meat percentage, better back fat thickness, bigger belly flexibility and smaller fat thickness of the belly than barrows. On economic viability, the RAC-treated pigs increased the allowance index, gross earnings and net earnings. Compared to the barrows, gilts showed lower total cost, better allowance index and higher net earnings. The supplementation with 5 ppm of RAC was enough to improve performance, carcass composition and cutting yields in the heavy pigs. Furthermore, 5 or 10 ppm of RAC was economically viable and the heavy gilts were more profitable than heavy barrows.

Interrelationships between dietary ractopamine,energy intake, and sex in pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
P. J. Eason ◽  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

A major constraint to protein deposition in the pig is energy intake. Ractopamine (RAC) isa b-agonist which has been shown to increase protein deposition under both ad libitum and restrictive feeding regimes. To assess the interactions between energy intake, sex, and dietary RAC, 104 crossbred pigs (52 boars and 52 gilts) were used in a slaughter-balance experiment conducted over the growth phase of 60-90 kg liveweight. To obtain initial body composition, 4 pigs of each sex were slaughtered at 60 kg. The remaining 96 pigs were allocated to a 2 6 2 factorial experiment. The respective factors were sex (boar or gilt), dietary digestible energy (DE) intake (21·2, 24·7, 28·2, 32·7, 36·7MJ DE/day and ad libitum), and dietary RAC (0 and 20 mg/kg of ractopamine.HCl). Average daily gain increased with DE intake and was faster for boars than gilts. Dietary RAC increased averagedaily gain in both boars and gilts independent of DE intake. Neither dietary RAC nor sex had any effect on ad libitum feed intakes while effects on feed : gain ratio reciprocated growth rates. Protein deposition increased with DE intake and was higher in boars than in gilts. Although protein deposition was increased by dietary RAC in both boars and gilts across the range of DE intakes investigated,ad libitum feed intakes were necessary to maximise protein deposition. Fat deposition increased with DE intake and was greater in gilts than in boars. Whereas dietary RAC had no effect on the rateof fat deposition or backfat depths, the fat content of the empty body was lower due to increased protein deposition and lower fat : protein ratio. Dietary RAC improves growth performance and carcass composition in both boars and gilts independent of DE intake. However, ad libitum feed intakes maybe necessary if responses are to be maximised.

Use of ultrasound in prediction of carcass characteristics in lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
I. Clark ◽  
S. D. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements

Longissimus muscle area, maximum depth and maximum width and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured ultrasonically at the first lumbar vertebra on 1162 lambs. Lambs were rams, ewes and wethers, ranging in age from 3 to 15 mo, with liveweights ranging from 32.5 to 70.2 kg. Subjective conformation scores of the leg, loin and shoulder and body-wall thickness at the GR site (11 cm from the carcass midline between the 12th and 13th ribs) were measured on warm carcasses and were used to determine lean-meat yield. Saleable-meat yield and percentage of saleable-meat yield in each of the primal cuts were also determined by carcass dissection of 57 of the lambs. Stepwise regression equations predicting GR and lean-meat yield from ultrasound measurements, age, (age)2, liveweight and (liveweight)2 had an R2 of 0.49 and 0.47, respectively (P < 0.15). Stepwise regression predicting saleable-meat yield by carcass dissection from ultrasound measurements, age, (age)2, liveweight and (liveweight)2 had an R2 of 0.64, with subcutaneous fat as the only significant regressor (P < 0.001). Stepwise discriminant analysis used to predict leg, loin and shoulder conformation scores from ultrasound measures, liveweight, (liveweight)2, (age)2 and age had R2 values of 0.27, 0.18 and 0.24, respectively (P < 0.15). From these data, ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat and longissimus depth in combination with liveweight and age appear to be valuable predictors of saleable-meat yield as determined by carcass dissection, GR and lean-meat yield but appear to be less useful in prediction of subjective muscling scores, except in the case of small-frame lambs. Key words: Ultrasound, lamb, carcass, meat yield

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document