scholarly journals Effects of Wheat Bran and Clostridium butyricum Supplementation on Cecal Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentration, pH and Histomorphometry in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
Andor Molnár ◽  
Nikoletta Such ◽  
Valéria Farkas ◽  
László Pál ◽  
László Menyhárt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

Feed additives that can improve intestinal health and maintain a diverse and resilient intestinal microbiota of poultry are of great importance. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of a single strain butyric acid-producing Clostridium (C. butyricum) with (symbiotic) or without wheat bran supplementation on cecal microbiota composition and gut health characteristics of broiler chickens. In total, 384 male Ross 308 day-old chickens were divided into four dietary treatment groups and fed ad libitum until day 37 of life. Cecal samples were taken for Illumina sequencing and pH and short-chain fatty acid analyses, as well as for histological analysis at the end of the experimental period. Neither of the supplemented diets improved chicken growth performance. Caecum was dominated by the members of Bacteroidetes phyla followed by Firmicutes in each dietary group. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Oscillospira, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Streptococcus genera exceeded 1% relative abundance. Dietary treatment influenced the relative abundance of the Akkermansia genus, which had a lower relative abundance in the C. butyricum group than in the other groups and in the symbiotic group compared to the wheat bran supplemented group. Dietary treatment also altered cecal crypt depth and had a trend to modify the cecal fermentation profile. Additive effects of wheat bran and C. butyricum supplementation were not detected. Our results suggest that Akkermansia muciniphila colonization in chicken can be influenced by diet composition.

scholarly journals The use of disinfectant in barn cleaning alters microbial composition and increases carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fan ◽  
Andrew Forgie ◽  
Tingting Ju ◽  
Camila Marcolla ◽  
Tom Inglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

To maintain food safety and flock health in broiler chicken production, biosecurity approaches to keep chicken barns free of pathogens are important. Canadian broiler chicken producers must deep clean their barns with chemical disinfectants at least once annually (full disinfection; FD) and may wash with water (water-wash; WW) throughout the year. However, many producers use FD after each flock, assuming a greater efficacy of more stringent cleaning protocols, although little information is known regarding how these two cleaning practices affect pathogen population and gut microbiota. In the current study, a cross-over experiment over four production cycles was conducted in seven commercial chicken barns to compare WW and FD. We evaluated the effects of barn cleaning method on the commercial broiler performance, cecal microbiota composition, pathogen occurrence and abundance, as well as short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the month-old broiler gut. The 30-day body weight and mortality rate were not affected by the barn cleaning methods. The WW resulted in a modest but significant effect on the structure of broiler cecal microbiota (weighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.05, and unweighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.01), with notable reductions in Campylobacter jejuni occurrence and abundance. In addition, the WW group had increased cecal acetate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which were negatively correlated with C. jejuni abundance. Our results support the use of WW over FD to enhance the activity of the gut microbiota and potentially reduce zoonotic transmission of C. jejuni in broiler production without previous disease challenges.

scholarly journals Wheat Bran Cereal, Human Gut Bacteria and Subjective Wellbeing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Smith ◽  
Eddie Deaville ◽  
Glenn Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
High Fiber

Research has shown that consumption of high fiber breakfast cereal is associated with improved subjective well-being, especially increased energy. One possible explanation of these results is through metabolism by gut bacteria and concomitant production of metabolites that influence psychological and gastrointestinal (GI) welfare. This was examined in the present study to determine whether consumption of wheat bran could modulate the composition of the GI microbiota. This human volunteer study (20 volunteers) involved the comparison of three breakfast cereals, All-Bran, Bran Flakes and Cornflakes (60 g/d). The study involved a 14-day baseline phase (no breakfast cereals) and an eight-week experimental phase. Each cereal was consumed for 14 days. A seven-day washout period (no cereals) was carried out between each successive cereal condition. Faecal samples were collected every seven days. Enumeration of predominant faecal bacterial populations (bacteroides, bifidobacteria, clostridia, lactobacilli and eubacteria) was carried out using the culture independent fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique. Faecal short chain fatty acid content was also determined. The volunteers completed a battery of questionnaires to assess fatigue/energy, subjective mood, physical and mental health, bowel function and fiber intake. The results showed that in general there was no overall significant effect of breakfast cereal type on the faecal bacterial populations studied. There was also no major effect of breakfast type on short chain fatty acid content. The high-fiber conditions (All-Bran and Bran Flakes) were associated with less fatigue, a significant reduction in cognitive difficulties, looser stools, more motions and feeling more energised.

scholarly journals Physiological Properties of Dietary Ellagitannin-Rich Preparations Obtained from Strawberry Pomace Using Different Extraction Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Bogusław Król ◽  
Monika Kosmala ◽  
Joanna Milala ◽  
Zenon Zduńczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetone Extraction ◽  
Caecal Fermentation

Abstract The objective of this study was to establish the composition of strawberry preparations rich in ellagitannins obtained using water or acetone extraction (EF and EP preparation, respectively). Then, biological effect of these extracts was assessed in 4-wk nutritional experiment on Wistar rats. The preparations were applied in cholesterol-containing diets that had equal content of ellagitannins (0.03%). To measure animals response, parameters describing the caecal fermentation (ammonia and short-chain fatty acid concentrations, bacterial enzymes activity), blood serum lipoprotein profile, and TBARS content in selected tissues (heart, liver, kidney) were assessed. Apart from polyphenols, including ellagitannins (7.8 and 7.1%, respectively), the EF preparation contained high quantities of soluble dietary fibre and other carbohydrates (33.3 and 38.9%, respectively), whereas the EP preparation was characterised by 58.9% content of ellagitannins, no dietary fibre and a high content of proanthocyanidins (16.9%). In comparison to EF group, the dietary treatment with EP had a stronger effect on caecal environment as manifested by decreased digesta bulk, β-glucuronidase activity and total short-chain fatty acid concentration (P<0.05 vs. group C without supplementation). Both preparations lowered lipaemia and glycaemia. It could be concluded that more efficient acetone extraction of strawberry pomace increased the content of both ellagitannins and proanthocyanidins in the polyphenolic preparation, which caused a stronger inhibiting effect on caecal fermentation processes and at the same time lowered blood triacylglycerols and glucose level. Considering the equal content of ellagitannins in both supplemented diets, it may be speculated that the above effects were due to the presence of proanthocyanidin fraction.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrolyzate of Wheat Bran Hemicellulose on the Cecal Microflora and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations in Rats and Mice

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki MORISHITA ◽  
Hideaki YAMADA ◽  
Kiwamu SHIIBA ◽  
Nobutake KIMURA ◽  
Hajime TANIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Cecal Microflora ◽  
Rats And Mice
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