scholarly journals Determining the Effects of Serial Injections of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin on Plasma Testosterone Concentrations, Testicular Dynamics, and Semen Production in Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2477
Author(s):  
Alexandra K. Mason ◽  
Jeongha Lee ◽  
Sean M. Perry ◽  
Kimberly L. Boykin ◽  
Fabio Del Piero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Eublepharis Macularius ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

Reptiles are highly susceptible to anthropogenic activities as a result of their narrow geographical ranges and habitat specialization, making them a conservation concern. Geckos represent one of the mega-diverse reptile lineages under pressure; however, limited assisted reproductive technologies currently exist for these animals. Exogenous pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) has been found to exhibit follicle stimulating hormone-like action and has been routinely used to alter reproductive hormones of vertebrates in assisted reproductive protocols. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of serial injections of 20 IU and 50 IU PMSG on circulating testosterone concentrations, testicular dynamics, and semen production in a model species of gecko. Twenty-four captive-bred, adult, male leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) were divided into three treatment groups and administered a once-weekly injection of either PMSG or saline for a total of nine weeks. Ultrasonographic testicular measurements, electrostimulation for semen collection, and venipuncture were performed on days 0, 21, 42, and 63. Right unilateral orchidectomies and epididymectomies were performed in all animals on day 63; tissues were submitted for histopathology. PMSG treated geckos had significantly higher testicular volumes and weights, spermatozoa motility, and spermatozoa concentrations compared with controls. However, there were no significant differences in testosterone concentrations by treatment or time. Under the conditions outlined, PMSG is effective at stimulating spermatogenesis and increasing testicular size, but not effective at increasing testosterone concentrations in the leopard gecko between October–December in the Northern hemisphere.

Genetic polymorphisms of reproductive hormones and their receptors in assisted reproduction technology for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Koloda ◽  
Yulia V. Denisova ◽  
Natalia M. Podzolkova
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Art Programs

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of childbearing, which is defined by the accumulation of multiple, small fluid-filled ovarian cysts without the selection of a single dominant follicle. Most PCOS phenotypes are characterized by the absence of spontaneous ovulation, resistance toward ovulation inductors, the production of a large immature oocytes number, and the high prevalence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, resulting in reduced assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs effectiveness. The review analyses current data about the relationship between polymorphism genotypes of KISS genes, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and their receptors genes, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), estrogen, and progesterone receptors genes, the PCOS risk and the features of ovarian response to stimulation during ART cycles. The use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as prognostic markers of ART programs outcomes would provide a personalized approach to the drugs and doses choice for ovarian stimulation and significantly increase the chance of pregnancy.

145 REESTABLISHMENT OF AN EXTINCT STRAIN OF SHEEP UTILIZING ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bormann ◽  
C. Long ◽  
S. Menges ◽  
C. Hanna ◽  
G. Foxworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Follicular Aspiration ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Oocyte Donors ◽  
Female Carriers

The objective of this study was to reestablish an extinct strain of sheep that exhibits spontaneous X-linked factor VIII deficiency closely mimicking human hemophilia A. Twenty female carriers of the trait, produced in a previous study (Bormann et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 201–202), were backcrossed using 3 straws of semen from their affected sire using either IVF or multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET). Eleven oocyte donors were synchronized with CIDRs (15 days) and superovulated with a declining dose of FSH (204 mg) twice daily for 3.5 days. Nine MOET donors were synchronized using CIDRs (14 days), superovulated with a declining dose of FSH (184 mg) BID for 3 days with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; 200 IU) given with the final dose of FSH, and given 1000 IU of hCG 12 h post-CIDR removal. Recipient ewes were synchronized using sponges (Ovakron, HeriotAgvet, Rowville, Victoria, Australia) containing 30 mg of flugestone acetate (14 days) and given PMSG (400 IU) at sponge removal, followed by 1000 IU of hCG 12 h post-sponge removal. Oocytes were collected via follicular aspiration during midventral laparotomy and matured as previously reported. Semen for IVF was prepared by centrifugation on a Percoll gradient. Oocytes and sperm were incubated in mTALP with 20% estrus sheep serum (modified from Bavister et al. 1977 Bio. Reprod. 16, 228–237) for 20 h, then vortexed to remove cumulus cells, and cultured in G1.3 medium (Vitrolife, Englewood, CO) with BSA until transfer. Embryos were surgically transferred into oviducts of recipients 24 to 48 h following IVF. The 9 MOET donors were surgically inseminated at the uterotubal junction with approximately 1–2.0 � 106 spermatazoa. Oviducts of eight of these ewes were flushed 48 h post-insemination with warm M199 containing Hanks salts, 25 mm HEPES, 10% FBS, and 0.5 µg mL–1 gentamicin. MOET embryos were surgically transferred to synchronized recipients within 5 h. One MOET donor was not flushed due to poor response and did not produce an offspring. Utilizing 140 ova, IVF produced 54 embryos for an embryo/oocyte rate of 38.6%. All IVF embryos were transferred into 15 recipients resulting in 3 lambs for a lamb/embryo rate of 5.5%. The MOET donors produced 38 embryos and 13 apparently unfertilized ova, generating an embryo/oocyte rate of 74.5%. MOET embryos were transferred into 21 synchronized recipients. MOET produced 16 lambs for a lamb/embryo rate of 42.1%. Co-transfer of 1 IVF and 1 MOET embryo into a single recipient produced one offspring. Utilizing multiple reproductive technologies over a two-year period, 8 hemophilic offspring (7 females and 1 male), 6 carrier females, and 6 unaffected males were produced. This strain of sheep will be used to produce affected offspring for stem cell-based therapies.

Ejaculate characteristics, short-term semen storage and successful artificial insemination following synchronisation of oestrus in the Indian blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanand D. Sontakke ◽  
Manoj S. Patil ◽  
Govindhaswamy Umapathy ◽  
K. Ramachandra Rao ◽  
Sisinthy Shivaji
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Antilope Cervicapra ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

The blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) is a small (20–30 kg) Indian antelope that is listed on Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Studies were undertaken to develop assisted reproductive technologies, such as synchronisation of oestrus and non-surgical AI, to support the conservation and genetic management of this Indian antelope. Semen characteristics, testosterone levels and the feasibility of short-term cold storage of semen were investigated. Furthermore, different oestrous synchronisation protocols (norgestomet implants and prostaglandin injections) were evaluated for successful AI, defined as the birth of live young. Norgestomet ear implants and i.m. administration of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) resulted in successful pregnancies in two of five inseminated females, but both had twin pregnancies that were delivered prematurely. In contrast, two injections of prostaglandin 11 days apart were effective in synchronising oestrus in the blackbuck. Transcervical AI in oestrous-synchronised animals 72 and 96 h after the second prostaglandin injection resulted in successful pregnancies in four of six inseminated females (67%) and resulted in the delivery of three live fawns. These studies demonstrate the potential application of AI technology for the conservation of endangered ungulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the synchronisation of oestrus and successful non-surgical AI in blackbuck.

Re-imagining Reproduction: Unsettling Metaphors in the History of Imperial Science and Commercial Surrogacy in India

Somatechnics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalindi Vora
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Industry

This paper provides an analysis of how cultural notions of the body and kinship conveyed through Western medical technologies and practices in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) bring together India's colonial history and its economic development through outsourcing, globalisation and instrumentalised notions of the reproductive body in transnational commercial surrogacy. Essential to this industry is the concept of the disembodied uterus that has arisen in scientific and medical practice, which allows for the logic of the ‘gestational carrier’ as a functional role in ART practices, and therefore in transnational medical fertility travel to India. Highlighting the instrumentalisation of the uterus as an alienable component of a body and subject – and therefore of women's bodies in surrogacy – helps elucidate some of the material and political stakes that accompany the growth of the fertility travel industry in India, where histories of privilege and difference converge. I conclude that the metaphors we use to structure our understanding of bodies and body parts impact how we imagine appropriate roles for people and their bodies in ways that are still deeply entangled with imperial histories of science, and these histories shape the contemporary disparities found in access to medical and legal protections among participants in transnational surrogacy arrangements.

The role of the growth hormone in assisted reproductive technologies cycles

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Andrey Y Romanov ◽  
Anastasiya G Syrkasheva ◽  
Nataliya V Dolgushina ◽  
Elena A Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Poor Ovarian Responders

The paper analyzes the literature data on the use of the growth hormone (GH) in ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Routine use of GH in ovarian stimulation in patients with a normal GH level does not increase pregnancy and childbirth rates in ART. Also, no benefits of using GH have been identified for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, despite the increase in insulin and IGF-1 blood levels. The main research focus is to study the use of GH in patients with poor ovarian response. According to the meta-analysis conducted by X.-L. Li et al. (2017), GH in ovarian stimulation of poor ovarian responders increases the number of received oocytes, mature oocytes number, reduces the embryo transfer cancellation rate and does not affect the fertilization rate. The pregnancy and live birth rates are significantly higher in the group of GH use - by 1.65 (95% CI 1.23-2.22) and 1.73 (95% CI 1.25-2.40) times, respectively. Thus, it is advisable to use GH in ovarian stimulation in poor ovarian responders, since it allows to increases live birth rate in ART. However, further studies should determine the optimal GH dose and assesse it`s safety in ART programs.

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