Growth and Slaughter Characteristics of Weaning Male Kids of Turkish Native Goat Breeds

There is little knowledge about the carcass potential of Turkish native goat breeds raised under different rearing conditions. It is necessary to compare the carcass characteristics of these breeds to minimize the effect of the rearing conditions. Therefore, this study aims to compare the growth, slaughter, and carcass characteristics of male kids at weaning age to eliminate the impact of rearing conditions. Kids born to Angora (n = 6), Hair (n = 6), Honamlı (n = 6), and Kilis (n = 6) Turkish native goat breeds, ranging in age from 2–3 years, were slaughtered at 90 days of weaning age and carcass characteristics were determined immediately. There were differences (p < 0.05) among breeds in terms of birth weight (BW) and daily weight gain (DWG) from birth to weaning age. Honamlı kids had higher BW and DWG than those of other breeds (p < 0.05). Similarly, carcass weights (hot–cold) and yields (hot–cold) of Honamlı kids were higher compared to kids born to other breeds (p < 0.05). Additionally, Honamlı and Hair kids had higher longissimus-dorsi (LD), and semitendinosus (ST) muscle weights compared to Kilis and Angora kids. Interestingly, Kilis kids had lower BW and DWG than those of other breeds (p < 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) among breeds in terms of non-carcass parts and organ weights. Positive correlations were calculated between cross-sectional area and weight (r = 0.793; p < 0.01), length and weight (r = 0.723; p < 0.01), and depth and weight (r = 0.698; p < 0.01) in LD muscle of all kids. A similar correlation trend was calculated for the ST muscle (cross-sectional area and weight; r = 0.699; p < 0.01, length and weight; r = 0.751; p < 0.01, and depth and weight; r = 0.528; p < 0.05) in all kids. In conclusion, the present study results showed that Honamlı kids could be used for fattening material due to their good carcass quality compared to other native breeds.

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Effect of Intercritical Quenching on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Oil Casing Steel N80

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.279 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 395-396 ◽

pp. 279-283

Author(s):

Min Huang ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Ya Ni Zhang ◽

Yue Wei Xie ◽

Shuo Feng Li

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

High Strength ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact ◽

The Sacrifice

In order to improve the toughness of oil casing steel N80 without the sacrifice of its original high strength, an intercritical quenching treatment was conducted under the temperature determined by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Effects of intercritical quenching on the microstructure of oil casing steel N80 were characterized by means of optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Tensile strength, reduction of cross-sectional area and microhardness were measured to evaluate the mechanical property of oil casing steel N80 after intercritical quenching treatment. The study results show that the tensile strength and microhardness of intercritical quenched oil casing steel N80 consisting of ferrite (F) and martensite (M) is slightly lower than that of tempered oil casing steel N80 composing of sorbite (S), yet which is still higher than that of full annealled oil casing steel N80 composing of pearlite (P) and a little amount of ferrite (F). In particular, the reduction of cross-sectional area of oil casing steel N80 intercritical quenched at 740°C is higher than those of tempered and full annealled. Additionally, both dimple and cleavage can be found on the impact fracture surface of N80 steel after intercritical quenching at 740°C. The toughness of oil casing steel N80 can be obviously improved by the intercritical quenching treatment at 740°C due to the formation of ferrite (F).

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Analisa Pengaruh Luas Penampang Penghantar dan Cuaca Terhadap Rugi Daya Akibat Korona Pada SUTT 150 kV (Studi Kasus: Gardu Induk Bangkalan – Gardu Induk Sampang)

Energi & Kelistrikan ◽

10.33322/energi.v11i2.857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 149-159

Author(s):

Ibnu Hajar ◽

Tito Dias Fernando

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Electricity Sector ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Power Losses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Impact ◽

Corona Losses

PT. PLN (PERSERO) as a state-owned company responsible in the electricity sector is required to improve the quality of electricity transmission. In the transmission of electrical power to consumers will be got losses of power. Raising the voltage is an alternative to this problem but it creates new problems because the higher the voltage has increased the corona will occur. The impact of the corona in addition to damaging equipment, noise, and disturbing radio waves, the corona also causes power losses that are proportional to the length of the transmission line. This study uses a quantitative method, by calculating the corona power losses by comparing 4 different cross-sectional areas of the conductor and 4 different air temperatures. The results of this study found that the smaller the cross-sectional area of the conductor the power losses due to corona are smaller, conversely the greater the cross-sectional area the greater the power losses. At the smallest cross-sectional area of 282.6 mm2, the power losses that occurred were 2.013% and at the largest cross-sectional area of 378.7 mm2, the power losses were 5.251%. While the influence of air temperature, the lowest corona losses occur at 29 0C which are 1,223,886 kW and the biggest occur at 24 0C which are 1,373,419 kW, so the higher the air temperature the smaller the corona losses, conversely the lower the air temperature than the higher the corona losses that occur.

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Abstract 16295: Smaller Stent Area and Eccentric Expansion are Associated With Increased Adverse Events After Drug-eluting Stent Implantation in Hemodialysis Patients

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Aritomo Katsura ◽

Yoshiyasu Minami ◽

Kiyoshi Asakura ◽

Masahiro Katamine ◽

Ayami Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Drug Eluting Stent ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eccentricity Index ◽

Stent Expansion ◽

Drug Eluting ◽

Stent Diameter ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Factors for adverse cardiac events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation among patients with hemodialysis (HD) remain to be elucidated. Hypothesis: Suboptimal DES implantation is associated with the increased incidence of adverse events in patients with HD. Methods: A total of 109 consecutive patients with HD who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided DES implantation were included. The impact of post-stent OCT findings on the incidence of device-oriented clinical endpoints (DoCE) at 1 year was investigated. DoCE included cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline clinical characteristics and pre-stent lesion characteristics between patients with DoCE (n=15) and those without DoCE (n=94). Significant hazard ratio (HR) for the incidence of DoCE was not observed in the presence of edge dissection, irregular protrusion, or incomplete stent apposition (Panel A). In receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the best cutoff of minimum stent cross-sectional area (MSA), %stent expansion [MSA / mean reference lumen cross-sectional area х 100], and eccentricity index (minimum stent diameter / maximum stent diameter) at MSA site for detecting DoCE was 3.4 (mm 2 ), 72.0 (%), and 0.71, respectively. Significant HR for the incidence of DoCE was observed in the presence of MSA< 3.4 (HR 3.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 - 12.4, p=0.035) and eccentricity index< 0.71 (HR 6.68, 95% CI 1.94 - 23.0, p=0.001) (Panel B). Conclusions: Smaller stent area and eccentric expansion were associated with increased incidence of DoCE after DES implantation in patient with HD, although the presence of other post-stent suboptimal findings were not associated with the incidence of DoCE. The present results suggest the importance of larger stent area and concentric stent expansion in patients with HD.

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Endurance training-induced increase in muscle oxidative capacity without loss of muscle mass in younger and older resistance-trained men

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-021-04768-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paul William Hendrickse ◽

Tomas Venckunas ◽

Justinas Platkevicius ◽

Ramutis Kairaitis ◽

Sigitas Kamandulis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Type I ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhile concurrent training is regularly used in older populations, the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity suggests that endurance training in resistance-trained individuals may result in some loss of resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass, which may be more pronounced in older people. We investigated the impact of superimposed endurance training in younger (28.5 ± 4.8 years; n = 8) and older (67.5 ± 5.5 years; n = 7) highly resistance-trained men. Participants underwent a 10-week endurance cycling training programme consisting of five 6-min intervals at 75% max heart rate (HRmax) separated by 4-min intervals at 90% HRmax. The anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the thigh muscles, as determined with MRI, was 24% smaller in older compared to younger participants (p < 0.001). Although maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was also lower in the older group (p < 0.001), VO2max per kg body mass did not differ significantly between younger and older participants. Histological analyses of biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis showed that endurance training induced an increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity in both younger and older participants (p ≤ 0.043), and an increase in the number of capillaries around type I fibres (p = 0.017). The superimposed endurance training did not induce a significant decrease in thigh ACSA, fibre cross-sectional area, or knee extensor maximum voluntary isometric force. These observations indicate that adding endurance training to resistance training can lead to positive endurance-related adaptations without negative consequences for muscle size and strength in older and younger resistance-trained people.

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The Impact of Trendelenburg Position and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on the Internal Jugular Cross-Sectional Area

Survey of Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/01.sa.0000391587.36873.9f ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 48-49

Author(s):

Hanke E. Marcus ◽

Egfried Bonkat ◽

Oguzhan Dagtekin ◽

Robert Schier ◽

Frank Petzke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽

Trendelenburg Position ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

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Sapwood Cuts and Their Impact on Tree Stability

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2012.038 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 287-292

Author(s):

E. Thomas Smiley ◽

Brian Kane ◽

Wesley Autio ◽

Liza Holmes

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Damage ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Percent Reduction ◽

Quercus Acutissima ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Tree Stability ◽

The Impact

Sapwood may be lost due to wood decay fungi or mechanical damage. Assessing the impact of sapwood loss on the likelihood of tree failure has not been empirically tested. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the loss of sapwood on the flexural stiffness of tree trunks for different species and trunk sizes. Three tree species (Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Quercus acutissima) were tested at two sites using pull testing techniques. A portion of the stem was mechanically removed and the trees were again pull tested. As the percent reduction in cross-sectional area increased, the percent reduction in stress to deflect trunks decreased linearly, regardless of species. Stress from sapwood loss was compared to an equivalent calculated loss in heartwood with the same cross-sectional area. The calculated loss of heartwood to cause an equivalent magnitude of stress was almost twice as large as cut area of sapwood. Trees were also tested by pulling in opposite directions with respect to sapwood loss. The percentage reduction in stress was greater for trees tested in compression.

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Impact of sarcopenia on long-term prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer after surgery.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.118 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 118-118

Author(s):

Tsutomu Hayashi ◽

Soji Ozawa ◽

Kenichi Kamachi ◽

Akihito Kazuno ◽

Eisuke Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Curative Surgery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

Overall Mortality

118 Background: Emerging evidence suggests that sarcopenia might have an adverse impact on the survival of patients with cancer. We herein investigated the impact of sarcopenia on the long-term outcome of patients with esophageal cancer after curative surgery by analyzing the muscle cross-sectional area using computed tomography (CT). Methods: Sarcopenia was assessed in 204 patients undergoing a macroscopic curative esophagectomy for the resection of esophageal cancer between January 2005, and December 2008 at Tokai University Hospital by measuring the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on CT images obtained before surgery. The measured total psoas area (TPA) was normalized according to the patient’s height. Sarcopenia was defined as a TPA of ≤525 mm/m2 for men, and ≤375 mm/m2 for women. The impact of sarcopenia was assessed after controlling for clinical factors using multivariate modeling. Results: The median follow-up period was 60 months. The median patient age was 64 years; 184 (90%) patients were male and 20 (10%) were female. The median TPA was 580 mm/m2 for the men and 386 mm/m2 for the women. Sixty-nine (34%) patients had sarcopenia (TPA ≤525 mm/m2 for men, 375 mm/m2 for women ). The overall five-year survival rates were 33% for the patients with sarcopenia, and 66% for those without sarcopenia. In a multivariate analysis, a low body mass index (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2; hazard ratio [HR], 1.87 [P = 0.028]), pathological stage of disease (HR for stage I, 1.587 in stage II [P = 0.219], 4.146 in stage III [P < 0.001], and 6.712 in stage IV [P < 0.001]), tumor location (HR of upper thoracic for middle and lower thoracic, 2.350 [P = 0.002]), and sarcopenia (HR, 1.858 [P= 0.006]) were independently associated with the overall mortality. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of overall mortality in esophageal cancer after curative surgery independent of tumor-specific factors and the BMI. The development of effective interventions for sarcopenia warrants further study to improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

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The Impact of Trendelenburg Position and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on the Internal Jugular Cross-Sectional Area

Anesthesia & Analgesia ◽

10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e2fe41 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 432-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Hanke E. Marcus ◽

Egfried Bonkat ◽

Oguzhan Dagtekin ◽

Robert Schier ◽

Frank Petzke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽

Trendelenburg Position ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

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The Equivalence Method of Protective Structures

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1704 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 197-198 ◽

pp. 1704-1707

Author(s):

Zhong Guo Zhang ◽

Bin Gao ◽

Zhao Hui Liu

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Protective Structure ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Usual Model ◽

Reinforcing Ribs ◽

The Cross ◽

Protective Structures ◽

The Impact

In this paper, according to the structure of warships, the equivalence method of the protective structure with reinforcing ribs is presented abided by the principal of equivalence in rigidity. The minimized model and the equivalence model of the protective structure with reinforcing ribs penetrated by projectiles are investigated in experiment and numerical simulations, and the results show that the equivalence method of the protective structure is reasonable. The reinforcing ribs are extensively used in protective structures, especially in ship structures. The reinforcing ribs are characterized in extensive distribution range and little weight of unit length, and have the main effect that the rigidity requirement of the structure is satisfied so that the structure has enough rigidity stability. However, the big and the small reinforcing ribs in actual structures originally have small size of the cross sectional area (CSA). According to a usual model research method, after an original structure is proportionally reduced according to the minimized proportion of one to four [1], the size of the CSA of the big and the small reinforcing ribs becomes smaller, and the shape of the cross sectional area is shown in Figure1. Under such circumstances, an experimental research on the dynamic response of the reinforcing ribs under the impact load has the characteristics of great difficulty and bad feasibility, and in addition, the reliability of reflecting target characteristic by a proportionally reduced model is very low[2]. In order to study the action of the reinforcing ribs more objectively, the T-shaped cross section of the reinforcing ribs is converted to a rectangular cross section according to the principle of rigidity equivalence, and then, the action can be researched actually. The study method is given as follows.

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