scholarly journals Risk Factors of Forced Take-Off in Dairy Cows Milked Three Times per Day in A Rotary Milking Parlor: A Case Control Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Matthias Wieland ◽  
Paul Douglas Virkler ◽  
Anja Sipka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Daily Milk

The aims of the research were to: (1) describe a protocol for the identification of cows that are subjected repeatedly to a forced retraction event at the end of milking; (2) study risk factors of repeated forced take-off (RFTO); and (3) assess the average milk flow rate at which the forced retraction event occurred. In a retrospective study, we collected milk flow data over a 1-week period from a 4300-cow dairy with a rotary milking parlor and a thrice-daily milking schedule. We identified 109 cases of RFTO and 2467 controls. A multivariable logistic regression model revealed associations of parity, stage of lactation, average daily milk production, and milking speed with RFTO. Cows in parity 3 or greater, animals ≤100 days in milk, high-producing animals, and cows with low milking speed had higher odds of RFTO. The average (least squares means (95% CI)) milk flow rates at the time of removal of the milking unit were 2.1 (2.0–2.1) kg/min in milking observations that were terminated with the forced retract and 1.5 (1.4–1.5) kg/min when milking units were removed with the automatic cluster remover. Future research to better understand the effect of RFTO on milk production, udder health, and animal well-being is warranted.

Variability of reduced glutathione levels in Massese ewes and its effect on daily milk production

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Rizzi ◽  
Anna Caroli ◽  
Patrizia Bolla ◽  
Anna Acciaioli ◽  
Giulio Pagnacco
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryThe variability of the erythrocyte concentration of the tripeptide glutathione was studied in four flocks of Massese sheep. A relationship was found between glutathione level and stage of lactation in which the second month showed the lowest content. Genotype at transferrin and haemoglobin loci was associated with glutathione levels. Homozygotes at the transferrin locus yielded higher levels, while the D allele at the same locus was associated with lower concentrations. Animals with haemoglobin AA showed higher contents of glutathione. Also, a negative correlation was found between daily milk production and glutathione level.

scholarly journals Factors affecting goat milk yield and its composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciappesoni ◽  
JPřibyl ◽  
M. Milerski ◽  
V. Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the paper was to prove the accuracy of various statistical models of vari­ance analysis for estimation of systematic factors that influence milk yield and fat and protein content in dairy goats. Data on daily milk production recorded by methods AT, AC or A4 for the population of Czech White Shorthaired Goats over 1992–2002 was used for calculations. A total of 78 736 test day from 6 234 goats were analysed. Average daily milk production was 3.09 kg with 3.72% of fat and 2.84% of protein. Variability of examined traits was significantly influenced by effects of herd-year or herd-test day, litter size, parity, season of kidding, stage of lactation and the combined effect parity-year-season of kidding. The variants of model equations in which complex effects of herd-year were replaced by effects of herd-test day showed higher values of reliability for the three traits analysed.  

Influence of milk yield, stage of lactation, and body condition on dairy cattle lying behaviour measured using an automated activity monitoring sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M Bewley ◽  
Robert E Boyce ◽  
Jeremy Hockin ◽  
Lene Munksgaard ◽  
Susan D Eicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Time spent lying by lactating Holstein-Friesian cows of varying body condition scores (BCS) and milk yield was measured using an animal activity monitor. A 3-week average BCS was calculated for each cow; and in total, 84 cows were selected with 28 cows each among three BCS categories (Thin: BCS<2·75; Moderate: 2·75⩾BCS<3·25; Heavy: BCS⩾3·25) and two stage of lactation categories (<150 days in milk or >150 days in milk). Cows were kept in two management systems: parlour/freestall (n=60) or automated milking system/freestall (n=24). Behaviour was recorded for 5·3±0·1 d for each cow. Production levels were considered using a 28-d rolling average of daily milk production. Cows that exhibited clinical lameness before or during the observation period were excluded from analyses. For cows exhibiting oestrus, the day prior to, day of, and day following breeding were removed. The final analysis included 77 cows (408 d of observation). A mixed model was fitted to describe average daily hours spent lying. Results demonstrated that lying time increased as days in milk (DIM) increased (P=0·05). Variables that were tested but not significant (P>0·05) were BCS category, parity category (1 or ⩾2) and 28-d rolling average daily milk production. Although a numerical trend for increasing hours spent lying with increasing BCS was observed, after accounting for other factors in the mixed model, BCS did not significantly impact lying time. Continued investigation of these management factors that impact lying time and bouts, using new technologies, more cows, and more herds will help dairy owners better manage facilities and cow movements to optimize this essential behaviour.

Association of production factors with milk IgA and IgM concentrations in normal lactating cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengguo Zhao ◽  
Chungang Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Dengpan Bu ◽  
Guanglei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Concentrations of IgA and IgM in milk from normal lactating cows were measured to determine whether they were affected by lactation number, lactation stage, daily milk production, milk composition and somatic cell score (SCS). A total of 284 Chinese Holstein cows showing no signs of mastitis were selected from more than 1600 cows from one farm. Concentrations of IgA and IgM in normal milk were determined by ELISA. Results revealed that average milk IgA and IgM concentrations were 235±11 and 32±3 μg/ml, respectively. IgA and IgM concentrations in milk were found to have an association with lactation number, stage of lactation, daily milk production and SCS. Both SCS and daily milk production were found to be strong significant (P<0·01) direct factors correlating to IgA concentration. Stage of lactation and SCS were found to be strong significant (P<0·01) direct factors correlating to IgM concentration.

Utilization of nutrients by the dairy cow and optimal N:energy ratio in the diet

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
J. M. Godeau ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryThe dietary and individual animal factors influencing the utilization of digestible nitrogen and of metabolizable energy for milk production were studied and change in the optimal nitrogen:energy ratio during lactation was investigated using 35 different experimental diets and the individual results obtained from 119 Friesian cows whose daily milk production varied from 4 to 30kg.The amount of N secreted in the milk and the daily milk production depended above all on the metabolizable energy intake and on the stage of lactation. They were related to the dietary N: energy ratio.The percentages of digestible N and of metabolizable energy utilized for milk production were also related to the dietary digestible N: metabolizable energy ratio of the diet.The optimal digestible N:metabolizable energy ratio ranged from about 2·2g/MJ during the first 3 months of lactation to about 1·7g/MJ in the sixth and seventh months and 1·3g/MJ from the tenth month. When expressed in g N intake per MJ energy intake, this optimal ratio ranged from 1·6 after calving to 1·1 at the end of lactation.

A consideration of the techniques for estimation of milk yield by suckled sheep and a comparison of estimates obtained by two methods in relation to the effect of breed, level of production and stage of lactation

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. N. Peart ◽  
W. F. Smith ◽  
F. Louda
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryThree techniques, lamb-suckling and test-weighing, hand- or machine-milking following administration of oxytocin, and measurements of body-water turnover, used for the estimation of milk yield in suckled sheep are discussed in relation to sources of error and comparability of estimates.Results are presented from an experiment in which the lamb-suckling and the oxytocin techniques were compared. The mean daily milk production of Scottish Blackface and East Friesland × Scottish Blackface ewes suckling single and twin lambs was measured by both methods at weekly intervals for 6 weeks. All ewes were well nourished to ensure full expression of milking capacity. Additional information from a similar experiment on Merino ewes is also presented.The oxytocin method gave higher estimates of mean daily milk yield in the first week of lactation, especially in the groups of ewes rearing single lambs and in the Blackface breed. By the second week in most groups and the third week in all groups there were no significant differences between estimates made by the two methods and the relative values of the estimates were not affected by level of milk production, number of lambs suckled or genotype of ewe and lamb.

scholarly journals Contents of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in Milk in Relation to their Concentrations in Blood, Milk Yield and Stage of Lactation in Dairy Cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pechová ◽  
L. Pavlata ◽  
R. Dvořák ◽  
E. Lokajová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of actual daily milk production and lactation stage on concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu and Se in milk, and monitor correlations between milk and blood concentrations of these microelements. The study was performed in a herd of Holstein cattle with the average milk yield of 8,562 kg. Thirty-five dairy cows housed in one group were included in the study. Blood and milk samples were taken during two separate milk yield checks done 4 weeks apart. Actual milk production of monitored cows ranged from 19.6 to 62.6 l daily. For lactation stages we evaluated results of examinations performed from 7 to 188 days of lactation. Blood examinations showed that the cows included in our study had good supplementation with the microelements in question. Milk concentrations of individual microelements were as follows: 3855.2 ± 814.7 μg/l of Zn; 36.3 ± 14.4 μg/l of Cu; 20.1 ± 8.3 μg/l of Mn, and 28.6 ± 7.1 μg/l of Se. The effect of daily milk production on milk concentrations of the microelements was identified only for copper (r = -0.302, p ⪬ 0.05). The variable of days of lactation (not considering days of the colostrum period) showed a positive correlation in manganese (r = 0.419, p ⪬ 0.01); copper and selenium showed negative correlations (Cu: r = -0.258, p ⪬ 0.05; Se: r = -0.277, p ⪬ 0.05). The daily milk production influenced negatively only Cu concentration in milk, but Se, Zn and Mn was not influenced.With advancing lactation after colostrum period the concentration of Mn in milk raised, the concentration of Cu and Se declined and the concentration of Zn was unchanged.

scholarly journals Biochemical processes in cows and the biological value of milk under influence of cobalt citrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khomyn ◽  
I. Kovalchuk ◽  
S. Kropyvka ◽  
M. Tsap
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of research was to study the effect of different amounts of cobalt citrate produced by nanotechnology on biochemical processes in cows, their productivity and biological value of milk in the first two months of lactation. To achieve this goal the subsequent problems have been solved. We investigated the effect of different amounts of cobalt citrate on biochemical parameters of blood and milk of cows and controlled their average daily yield. The experiment has been conducted in 3 groups of cows (5 cows each) of Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle, analogue by body weight (590–620 kg), performance (6,5–6,8 thousand kg of milk per past lactation) and lactation (3–4 lactation). Unlike the control cows, animals experimental (ІІ) group for two months were fed by mineral supplements in the form of cobalt citrate in an amount of 19 mg Co/kg of dry matter of diet and research (ІІІ) – cobalt citrate in an amount of 34 mg Co/kg of dry matter of diet. Duration of cobalt citrate feeding of cows of research groups was 2 months. In all groups of cows the samples of venous blood were taken in preparation for feeding additives period and during 60 day of additives feeding period in order to determine the concentration of total protein, ceruloplasmin, sialic acids, hexoses bound to proteins and activity of amino transferases. The milk production has been controlled in days of sampling with the definition of daily milk yield per cow and taking an average sample for the determination of milk fat, protein, lactose, inorganic phosphorus and calcium. It has been established that the inclusion in the diet of cows of experimental (ІІ) group of mineral supplements contributed to an increase in animal blood total protein content by 11.9% (P < 0.05), inorganic phosphorus by 15.3% (P < 0.05) and hexoses bound protein by 8.8% (P < 0.05). Under these conditions milk content of inorganic phosphorus increased by 5.6% (P < 0.05) and average daily milk production increased by 4.5%. The use of mineral additives in third experimental group of animals within two months contributed to an increase in blood ceruloplasmin content by 5.1% (P < 0.05) and hexoses bound protein by 11.5% (P < 0.01). Mineral supplements promote 5.4% raise of average daily milk production and increase it to the lactose content by 0.10% (in absolute).

scholarly journals Yield and chemical composition of milk of grazing and supplemented Tropical Milking criollo cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Rosendo Ponce ◽  
Adrián Sánchez Gómez ◽  
Ángel Ríos Ortíz ◽  
Glafiro Torres Hernández ◽  
Carlos Miguel Becerril Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk production under grazing conditions is carried out in the intertropical region of hot climates due to its low production cost. The Tropical Milking criollo breed (LT) is characterized by its hardiness in this region, and its high milk quality and cheese yield. Grazing supplementation can increase milk production; however, it can also change its chemical composition. The effect of supplementation with commercial feed in LT cows was evaluated concerning the quantity and physicochemical traits of their milk by lactation. The treatments used were feeding based only on grazing para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and grazing plus 1 kg supplementation with 20 % protein commercial feed for every 5 kg of milk produced daily. The daily milk production per cow increased from 5.82 ± 0.18 to 7.10 ± 0.18 kg due to supplementation. Dry matter intake was similar in both treatments. The concentration of fat, protein, lactose, non-fat, and total solids did not suffer modifications (p > 0.05), but the daily production of each component per cow increased in animals supplemented due to the multiplicative effect of the amount of milk. The number of calvings affected milk production, fat, and ureic nitrogen in milk, and somatic cell count (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementation used in this study was enough to increase milk production by 22 %, without modifying its chemical composition.

scholarly journals Hycole Doe Milk Properties and Kit Growth

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽  
Beata Kuczyńska ◽  
Marek Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Rabbit Milk ◽  
Daily Milk

The level of production and the physiochemical traits of rabbit milk affect the growth and the mortality of bunnies during lactation. The goal of the study was to analyze the effect of litter size and day of lactation on the quality traits of rabbit milk, milk production, and associative traits. The study was conducted on 32 Hycole does and their litters. The rabbit milk pH ranged from 6.61 to 7.46. The colostrum was characterized by the highest content of total solids (31.54 and 31.80 g kg−1) and fat content (15.73 and 15.9 g kg−1). The milk from the beginning of the lactation was characterized by the highest level of somatic cell count (SCC) (523.67 and 536.57 103 mL−1), which gradually decreased to reach the lowest level on days 17 and 21 of lactation. The daily milk production was greater for does nursing 10 kits per litter compared to those nursing eight kits per litter (p < 0.001). The peak of milk production occurred on day 17 postpartum. To conclude, the litter size has a clear effect on milk production as well as litter weight and litter weight gains. It is also important to note that the day of lactation affected the physiochemical traits of rabbit milk.

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