Effect of Essential Oils on the Oxyntopeptic Cells and Somatostatin and Ghrelin Immunoreactive Cells in the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gastric Mucosa

The current work was designed to assess the effect of feed supplemented with essential oils (EOs) on the histological features in sea bass’s gastric mucosa. Fish were fed three diets: control diet (CTR), HERBAL MIX® made with natural EOs (N-EOs), or HERBAL MIX® made with artificial EOs obtained by synthesis (S-EOs) during a 117-day feeding trial. Thereafter, the oxyntopeptic cells (OPs) and the ghrelin (GHR) and somatostatin (SOM) enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the gastric mucosa were evaluated. The Na+K+-ATPase antibody was used to label OPs, while, for the EECs, anti-SOM and anti-GHR antibody were used. The highest density of OP immunoreactive (IR) area was in the CTR group (0.66 mm2 ± 0.1). The OP-IR area was reduced in the N-EO diet group (0.22 mm2 ± 1; CTR vs. N-EOs, p < 0.005), while in the S-EO diet group (0.39 mm2 ± 1) a trend was observed. We observed an increase of the number of SOM-IR cells in the N-EO diet (15.6 ± 4.2) compared to that in the CTR (11.8 ± 3.7) (N-EOs vs. CTR; p < 0.05), but not in the S-EOs diet. These observations will provide a basis to advance current knowledge on the anatomy and digestive physiology of this species in relation to pro-heath feeds.

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Interactive effects of dietary fishmeal level and plant essential oils supplementation on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax : Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and immunological response

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society ◽

10.1111/jwas.12616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1078-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rui A. Gonçalves ◽

Renata Serradeiro ◽

Marina Machado ◽

Benjamin Costas ◽

Christine Hunger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Plant Essential Oils

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Potential application and beneficial effects of a marine microalgal biomass produced in a high-rate algal pond (HRAP) in diets of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-14927-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Pascon ◽

Maria Messina ◽

Lisa Petit ◽

Luisa Maria Pinheiro Valente ◽

Beatriz Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Fish Growth ◽

High Rate ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Distal Intestine ◽

Plant Protein Sources

AbstractMicroalgae have been used as live food in aquatic species. In recent years, the interest in microalgae has considerably increased, thanks to the evolution of production techniques that have identified them as an ecologically attractive aquafeed ingredient. The present study provides the first data about the effects of dietary inclusion of a microalgae consortium grown in a high-rate algal pond system on zootechnical performance, morphometric indices, and dietary nutrient digestibility as well as morphology and functionality of the digestive system of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. A dietary treatment including a commercial mono-cultured microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp.) biomass was used for comparison. Six hundred and thirty-six European sea bass juveniles (18 ± 0.28 g) were randomly allotted into 12 experimental groups and fed 4 different diets for 10 weeks: a control diet based on fish meal, fish oil, and plant protein sources; a diet including 10% of Nannochloropsis spp. biomass (100 g/kg diet); and two diets including two levels (10% and 20%) of the microalgal consortium (100 and 200 g/kg diet). Even at the highest dietary inclusion level, the microalgal consortium (200 g/kg diet) did not affect feed palatability and fish growth performance. A significant decrease in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, and energy was observed in diets including 10 and 20% of the microalgal consortium, but all fish exhibited a well-preserved intestinal histomorphology. Moreover, dietary inclusion with the microalgal consortium significantly increased the enzymatic activity of maltase, sucrase-isomaltase, and ɤ-glutamil transpeptidase in the distal intestine of the treated European sea bass. Algal consortium grown using fish farm effluents represents an attempt to enhance the utilization of natural biomasses in aquafeeds when used at 10 % as substitute of vegetable ingredients in diet for European sea bass.

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Current Knowledge on the Development and Functionality of Immune Responses in the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Biology of European Sea Bass ◽

10.1201/b16043-14 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 342-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jorge Galindo-Villegas ◽

Victoriano Mulero

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

European Sea Bass

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Dietary Cinnamon Successfully Enhanced the Growth Performance, Growth Hormone, Antibacterial Capacity, and Immunity of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2128

Author(s):

Mahmoud M. Habiba ◽

Ebtehal E. Hussein ◽

Ahmed M. Ashry ◽

Ahmed M. El-Zayat ◽

Aziza M. Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

High Production ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Vibrio Spp

Dietary cinnamon has several bioactive compounds with growth-promoting and immunomodulation potential and is suggested for finfish species. This study evaluated the inclusion of cinnamon at 0, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets. After 90 days, the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and the lowest feed conversion ratio were seen in fish treated with 10 g/kg (p < 0.05). Further, the measured growth hormone in the blood indicated that fish treated with 10 g/kg had a higher level than fish 0 and 20 g/kg. After the feeding trial, fish treated with cinnamon at varying levels had higher lipid content than fish before the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Lower Vibrio spp. and Faecal Coliform counts were observed in fish treated with cinnamon than fish fed a cinnamon-free diet (p < 0.05). The hematocrit level was markedly (p < 0.05) increased in fish fed cinnamon at 10 g/kg compared to the control without significant differences with fish fed 15 and 20 g/kg. Hemoglobin was significantly increased in fish treated with cinnamon at 10, 15, and 20 g/kg compared to fish fed a cinnamon-free diet (p < 0.05). Red and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) were meaningfully (p < 0.05) increased in fish treated with cinnamon compared with the control. Markedly, fish treated with cinnamon had higher serum total lipids than the control with the highest value in fish treated with 15 g/kg (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity was markedly higher in fish treated with 15 g cinnamon/kg than fish fed 0, 10, and 20 g/kg (p < 0.05). Moreover, phagocytic activity was significantly higher in fish treated with cinnamon at 10, and 15 g/kg than fish fed 0 and 20 g/kg (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary cinnamon is suggested at 10–15 g/kg for achieving the high production and wellbeing of European sea bass.

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Intake of high levels of vitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids during different developmental periods modifies the expression of morphogenesis genes in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051668 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 677-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Laure A. N. Villeneuve ◽

Enric Gisbert ◽

Jacques Moriceau ◽

Chantal L. Cahu ◽

José L. Zambonino Infante

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Control Diet ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Hypervitaminosis A ◽

European Sea Bass

The effect of the feeding period on larval development was investigated in European sea bass larvae by considering the expression level of some genes involved in morphogenesis. Larvae were fed a control diet except during three different periods (period A: from 8 to 13d post-hatching (dph); period B: from 13 to 18dph; period C: from 18 to 23dph) with two compound diets containing high levels of vitamin A or PUFA. European sea bass morphogenesis was affected by these two dietary nutrients during the early stages of development. The genes involved in morphogenesis could be modulated between 8 and 13dph, and our results indicated that retinoids and fatty acids influenced two different molecular pathways that in turn implicated two different gene cascades, resulting in two different kinds of malformation. Hypervitaminosis A delayed development, reducing the number of vertebral segments and disturbing bone formation in the cephalic region. These malformations were correlated to an upregulation of retinoic acid receptor γ, retinoid X receptor (RXR) α and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4. An excess of PUFA accelerated the osteoblast differentiation process through the upregulation of RXRα and BMP4, leading to a supernumerary vertebra. These results suggest that the composition of diets devoted to marine fish larvae has a particularly determining effect before 13dph on the subsequent development of larvae and juvenile fish.

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Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. Inclusion in Plant-Based Diets Modulate the Intestine and Liver Antioxidant Mechanisms of European Sea Bass Juveniles

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.607575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Castro ◽

Filipe Coutinho ◽

Paula Iglesias ◽

Aires Oliva-Teles ◽

Ana Couto

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Source Control ◽

Stress Index ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Lipid Source ◽

Antioxidant Mechanisms

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including microalgae Chlorella sp. or Nannochloropsis sp. in plant-based diets on antioxidant mechanisms of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. For this purpose, three isoproteic (50%) and isolipidic (19%) diets were formulated: a practical diet, containing 15% fish meal (FM) and plant ingredients as the protein source and a mixture of fish oil and vegetable oils (40: 60) as lipid source (control diet); and two diets identical to the control but with the FM replaced by Nannochloropsis sp. or Chlorella sp. (diets Nanno and Chlo, respectively). The diets were offered to quadruplicate groups of 25 fish (initial body weight: 24 ± 1 g) for 11 weeks and then enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms and lipid oxidative biomarkers were assessed in the liver and intestine of these fish. Results showed that the antioxidant response was tissue-dependent, with the liver exhibiting lower glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (only in Chlo group) activities, and intestine lower superoxide dismutase activity with the diets including microalgae compared to control diet. An increase of oxidized glutathione content was also observed in the intestine of fish fed the microalgae diets. Catalase and glutathione reductase activities, oxidative stress index, and total and reduced glutathione, were unaffected by dietary treatments in both tissues. Overall, the lipid peroxidation status was not compromised by the replacement of FM by microalgae.

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