scholarly journals A Survey of Farm Management Practices Relating to the Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Causes of Lamb Mortality in Ireland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Dwayne Shiels ◽  
Jason Loughrey ◽  
Cathy M. Dwyer ◽  
Kevin Hanrahan ◽  
John F. Mee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
On Farm

Lamb mortality is a key factor influencing ewe productivity and profitability. The current study investigated risk factors associated with and management practices implemented on sheep farms to reduce lamb mortality. A survey consisting of 13 multiple-part questions (57 separate questions) was administered to all sheep farmers participating in the Teagasc National Farm Survey, representative of the Irish national population of sheep farms. A total of 60% of respondents identify mating or lambing date, and this practice tended to be associated with reduced lamb mortality (1.2%, p = 0.08). Individual lambing pens were used by 88% of farmers, but 26% did not clean or disinfect them. A total of 79% and 9.5% of farmers applied iodine to all lambs’ navels and administered antibiotics to all lambs to treat and/or prevent diseases, respectively. Most farmers vaccinated their ewes (86%) and lambs (79%) against clostridial diseases and/or pasteurellosis; 13% vaccinated against abortion agents. Lamb mortality tended to be lower (Kruskal–Wallis (KW) = 2.749; p = 0.09) on farms that used stomach tubing, heat box, iodine, hospital, and individual pens compared with farms that do not implement all those practices. Predators, lamb birth weight, and diseases were perceived by respondents to be the three main causes of live-born lamb mortality. The gross margin is significantly higher on lowland farms by €37 per ewe compared with hill farms (Kruskal–Wallis (KW) = 4.056; p < 0.001). The combination of full-time farming and the use of hospital and individual pens improved gross margin (€18/ewe, p = 0.028). It is concluded that on-farm management practices affect both lamb mortality and flock gross margin.

scholarly journals P2-445 Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight in Wardha, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A344-A344
Author(s):  
C. Maliye ◽  
M. Taywade ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
P. Deshmukh ◽  
B. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Assessment of Farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in Pastoralist and Sedentary cattle in Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danbirni ◽  
B. B. Dauda ◽  
S. N. A. Saidu ◽  
L. B. Tekdek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Preliminary Study

The major cattle management system observed in Soba Local Government Area was pastoral husbandry system. Under this system, cattle were extensively grazed on established forages of Kaduna State forests and were exposed to various arthropod vectors of haemoparasites. These haemoparasites are a serious threat to food security in Soba LGA due to their influence on cattle productivity. Questionnaires were used in assessing some farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in Soba LGA. A total of 24 herdsmen made up of 20 pastoralists and 4 sedentary herdsmen were interviewed. The study revealed, that some herd management practices were observed to have constituted risks to acquiring haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentar y herds in the study area. For instance, vectors of haemoparasites such as ticks and biting flies aside Glossina were present in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in the study area. Some farm management practices such as screening of herds for haemoparasites, treatment of it once in 12 months and quarantining of new stock before adding to the existing herds were found not to be carried. Thus, constituted risk factors in the herds. This preliminary study, provided evidence of the possible arthropod vectors (ticks and biting flies) that may be involved in the transmission of haemoparasites to cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State. It is envisaged that this survey will stimulate more studies to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites in cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State.

Lack of Identifiable Risk Factors for Kernicterus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Beckwitt Turkel ◽  
Marta E. Guttenberg ◽  
Diane Radovich Moynes ◽  
Joan E. Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

In recent years kernicterus at autopsy has been observed in sick premature infants in the absence of markedly elevated levels of serum bilirubin. Potentiating factors have been suggested to explain kernicterus in such a setting. In order to establish which factors are associated with increased risk for kernicterus in these small babies, this retrospective matched control study was undertaken. Thirty-two infants with kernicterus at autopsy were matched for gestational age, birth weight, length of survival, and year of birth to 32 control infants without kernicterus. Multiple historical, clinical, and laboratory factors were compared, including therapy, sepsis, hypothermia, asphyxia as reflected by Apgar score, hematocrit, acidosis, hypercarbia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. No statistically significant differences between the kernicteric and nonkernicteric infants were demonstrated for any of these factors, including peak total serum bilirubin levels. Multivariant analysis also failed to determine a group of factors associated with increased risk for kernicterus. It was not possible to separate those infants with and without kernicterus at autopsy on the basis of the clinical factors evaluated.

scholarly journals Prevalence, mortality and risk factors associated with very low birth weight preterm infants: an analysis of 33 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Julia Damiani Victora ◽  
Mariangela Freitas Silveira ◽  
Cristian Tedesco Tonial ◽  
Cesar Gomes Victora ◽  
Fernando Celso Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella enterica in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. A. Pires ◽  
L. Patterson ◽  
E. A. Kukielka ◽  
P. Aminabadi ◽  
N. Navarro-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Diversified farms are operations that raise a variety of crops and/or multiple species of livestock, with the goal of utilising the products of one for the growth of the other, thus fostering a sustainable cycle. This type of farming reflects consumers' increasing demand for sustainably produced, naturally raised or pasture-raised animal products that are commonly produced on diversified farms. The specific objectives of this study were to characterise diversified small-scale farms (DSSF) in California, estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in livestock and poultry, and evaluate the association between farm- and sample-level risk factors and the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on DSSF in California using a multilevel logistic model. Most participating farms were organic and raised more than one animal species. Overall Salmonella prevalence was 1.19% (95% confidence interval (CI95) 0.6–2), and overall Campylobacter spp. prevalence was 10.8% (CI95 = 9–12.9). Significant risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. were farm size (odds ratio (OR)10–50 acres: less than 10 acres = 6, CI95 = 2.11–29.8), ownership of swine (OR = 9.3, CI95 = 3.4–38.8) and season (ORSpring: Coastal summer = 3.5, CI95 = 1.1–10.9; ORWinter: Coastal summer = 3.23, CI95 = 1.4–7.4). As the number of DSSF continues to grow, evaluating risk factors and management practices that are unique to these operations will help identify risk mitigation strategies and develop outreach materials to improve the food safety of animal and vegetable products produced on DSSF.

On farm risk factors associated with goat milk quality in Northeast Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J.B. Oliveira ◽  
E.R. Hisrich ◽  
J.F.P. Moura ◽  
P.E.N. Givisiez ◽  
R.G.Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
On Farm
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