scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance to Macrolide Antibiotics among Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Maria Miklasińska-Majdanik
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Rapid Transmission

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains pose a serious treatment problem because of their multi-drug resistance (MDR). In staphylococcal strains, resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSB) correlates with resistance to methicillin. The rapid transmission of erm genes responsible for MLSB resistance has strongly limited the clinical application of traditional macrolides such as erythromycin. On the other hand, in the age of increasing insensitivity to antibiotics the idea of implementing a therapy based on older generation drugs brings hope that the spread of antibiotic resistance will be limited. A thorough understanding of the resistance mechanisms contributes to design of antibiotics that avoid bacterial insensitivity. This review highlights the mechanisms of action of macrolides and mechanism of resistance to these antibiotics among Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Multi-drug resistance traits of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcal species from clinical and environmental sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegboyega O. Oladipo ◽  
Oluwatosin G. Oladipo ◽  
Cornelius C. Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Effluent ◽  
Resistance Traits

Abstract Multi-drug resistance traits of Staphylococcus species especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the clinical settings are well established. Of environmental concern is hospital effluents discharging into wastewaters. This article investigated the prevalence and detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus species from clinical and environmental sources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Standard culture-based and molecular protocols were used. Seventy-six (27 clinical, 14 hospital effluent and 35 environmental) Staphylococcus isolates were recovered: 56.58% were coagulase-negative and 43.42% coagulase-positive (S. aureus). For the clinical isolates, 10, 6, 4, 4 and 1 were isolated from urine, skin, wounds, blood and pus, respectively. Isolates were resistant to methicillin and amoxycillin (91.7%), cloxacillin (88.0%), ciprofloxacin (84.0%), ofloxacin (83.3%), azithromycin (78.0%), ceftazidime (76.0%), gentamycin (75.0%), cefuroxime (75.0%) and erythromycin (72.0%). Nearly, all isolates (90.8%) had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index >0.2. Overall MAR indices for Staphylococcus species isolated from the clinical, hospital effluent and environmental wastewaters were relatively similar (0.482; 0.500; 0.435). mecA, nuc and luk-pvl genes were detected in S. aureus, while mecA was detected in S. arlettae, S. sciuri, S. cohnii, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. This study informs on the potential contamination of environmental waters downstream from hospitals and possible impacts that this could have on human and animal health.

scholarly journals Allyl isothiocyanate from crucifers potentiates β-lactam activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Sultan Beevi S ◽  
Vikram B ◽  
Lakshmi Narasu M
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Introduction: Increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) worldwide with limited therapeutic options is a growing public health concern. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from crucifers have been shown to possess antibacterial actions against MRSA by antagonizing its resistance mechanisms. Allyl isothiocyanates (AITC) is the predominant isothiocyanates (ITC) of commonly consumed cruciferous vegetables such as brussels, mustard, cabbage, cauliflower and kale. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the potentiation effect of AITC on ampicillin and cefixime against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using broth microdilution method and checkerboard methods. Results: AITC showed a promising antibacterial activity against a panel of clinical isolates of MRSA when used in alone. However, β-lactam antibiotics like ampicillin and cefixime had little or no activity against MRSA confirming their multi-drug resistance. When AITC combined with ampicillin and cefixime, MIC was reduced by ≥ 4 fold as compared to their monotherapy, evidencing a synergistic effect of AITC, as defined by a FICI of ≤0.5. Conclusions: AITC showed promising synergistic and potentiation effect on ampicillin and cefixime at sub-MIC level against multi-drug resistant MRSA. This modulatory effect of AITC on β-lactam antibiotics could be useful as a synergistic therapeutic pair in combating MRSA infection in a hospital or community settings.

scholarly journals Resistance mechanisms to drug therapy in breast cancer and other solid tumors: An opinion

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor V. Moiseenko ◽  
Nikita Volkov ◽  
Alexey Bogdanov ◽  
Michael Dubina ◽  
Vladimir Moiseyenko
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Opinion Article

Cancer is an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common solid tumor in women. Despite numerous drug combinations and regimens, all patients with advanced breast cancer, similarly to other solid tumors, inevitably develop resistance to treatment. Identified mechanisms of resistance could be classified into intra- and extracellular mechanisms. Intracellular mechanisms include drug metabolism and efflux, target modulations and damage restoration. Extracellular mechanisms might be attributed to the crosstalk between tumor cells and environmental factors. However, current knowledge concerning resistance mechanisms cannot completely explain the phenomenon of multi-drug resistance, which occurs in the vast majority of patients treated with chemotherapy. In this opinion article, we investigate the role of these factors in the development of drug-resistance.

Reversal of Multi-Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Natural Product-Way Forward

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 668-675
Author(s):  
Saba Farooq ◽  
. Atia-tul-Wahab ◽  
Ali Azarpira ◽  
. Atta-ur-Rahman ◽  
M. Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance
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