Matcha Green Tea Exhibits Bactericidal Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Inhibits Functional Pneumolysin

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causative pathogen of several human infectious diseases including community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumolysin (PLY), a pore-forming toxin, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia. In recent years, the use of traditional natural substances for prevention has drawn attention because of the increasing antibacterial drug resistance of S. pneumoniae. According to some studies, green tea exhibits antibacterial and antitoxin activities. The polyphenols, namely the catechins epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC) are largely responsible for these activities. Although matcha green tea provides more polyphenols than green tea infusions, its relationship with pneumococcal pneumonia remains unclear. In this study, we found that treatment with 20 mg/mL matcha supernatant exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae regardless of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the matcha supernatant suppressed PLY-mediated hemolysis and cytolysis by inhibiting PLY oligomerization. Moreover, the matcha supernatant and catechins inhibited PLY-mediated neutrophil death and the release of neutrophil elastase. These findings suggest that matcha green tea reduces the virulence of S. pneumoniae in vitro and may be a promising agent for the treatment of pneumococcal infections.

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Green tea phytocompounds targets Lansterol 14-α demethylase against ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida glabrata

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1793-1797

Author(s):

Priyanka Sirari ◽

Jigisha Anand ◽

Devvret ◽

Ashish Thapliyal ◽

Nishant Rai

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

P450 Monooxygenase ◽

Antifungal Potential ◽

Inhibitory Potential

Green tea is credited as one of the world’s healthiest drinks with enriched antioxidants. It is known for its multi-beneficial health benefits against diabetes, blood pressure, hypertension, gastro-intestinal upset and is bestowed with significant antimicrobial potential. There are previous scientific evidence highlighting the antifungal potential of green tea and has identified it as a potential inhibitor of non-albicans Candida species. Lansterol 14-α demethylase (Erg 11) or CYP51 protein belongs to the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) superfamily. Erg 11 is involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and has a significant role in azole drug resistance in Candida glabrata. The present study attempted to identify the inhibitory potential of green tea phytocompounds against inhibition of Erg 11 in Candida glabrata using bioinformatics tool viz., autodock vina software. Out of 15 green tea phytocompounds investigated, the study identified, Rutin (-10.5 kcal) Kaempferitrin (-9.4kcal), Epigallocatechin gallate (-10kcal), Epicatechin gallate (-8.7kcal), and Coumaroylquinic acid (-8.6kcal) acid as the potent phytocompounds which showed significant molecular interaction with Erg 11 in Candida glabrata. In attribution to the constant emergence of azole-resistant isolates, this preliminary analysis therefore, indicated the potential of green tea phytocompounds against inhibition of non-albicans Candida specific candidiasis. However, further, in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of these phytocompounds, the dose regime, drug likeliness, and cytotoxic analysis are required to be investigated and validated.

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Molecular Rescue of Dyrk1A Overexpression Alterations in Mice with Fontup® Dietary Supplement: Role of Green Tea Catechins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21041404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuchen Gu ◽

Gautier Moroy ◽

Jean-Louis Paul ◽

Anne-Sophie Rebillat ◽

Mara Dierssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Tea Catechins ◽

Green Tea Catechins ◽

Tea Extract ◽

Vitro Effect

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, a serine/threonine kinase considered to be a major contributor of cognitive dysfunctions in Down syndrome (DS). Two clinical trials in adult patients with DS have shown the safety and efficacy to improve cognitive phenotypes using commercial green tea extract containing EGCG (45% content). In the present study, we performed a preclinical study using FontUp®, a new nutritional supplement with a chocolate taste specifically formulated for the nutritional needs of patients with DS and enriched with a standardized amount of EGCG in young mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgBACDyrk1A). This preparation is differential with previous one used, because its green tea extract has been purified to up 94% EGCG of total catechins. We analyzed the in vitro effect of green tea catechins not only for EGCG, but for others residually contained in FontUp®, on DYRK1A kinase activity. Like EGCG, epicatechin gallate was a noncompetitive inhibitor against ATP, molecular docking computations confirming these results. Oral FontUp® normalized brain and plasma biomarkers deregulated in TgBACDyrk1A, without negative effect on liver and cardiac functions. We compared the bioavailability of EGCG in plasma and brain of mice and have demonstrated that EGCG had well crossed the blood-brain barrier.

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Versatile Health Benefits of Catechin from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401313666171003150503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Satheesh Babu Natarajan ◽

Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽

Sahar Husain Khan ◽

Packiyaraj Natarajan ◽

Karthiyaraj Rengarajan

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Wide Range ◽

Green Tea Catechin ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) is the second most consumed beverage in the world. Green tea is the least processed and thus contain rich antioxidant level, and believed to have most of the health benefits. Methods: We commenced to search bibliographic collection of peer reviewed research articles and review articles to meet the objective of this study. Results: From this study, we found that the tea beverage contains catechins are believed to have a wide range of health benefits which includes neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic effects. The four major catechin compounds of green tea are epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG), of which EGCG is the major constituent and representing 50-80% of the total catechin content. And also contain xanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, and the glutamide derivative theanine. It also contains many nutritional components, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, fluoride, and potassium. We sum up the various green tea phytoconstituents, extraction methods, and its medicinal applications. Conclusion: In this review article, we have summarized the pharmacological importance of green tea catechin which includes antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and cosmetic application.

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Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits hepatitis B virus in vitro

Antiviral Research ◽

10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.11.011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Jun Xu ◽

Jue Wang ◽

Fei Deng ◽

Zhihong Hu ◽

Hualin Wang

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Green Tea ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

B Virus ◽

Tea Extract

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Separation of epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate from tea polyphenols by macroporous resin and crystallization

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/d0ay02118k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Xin Huang ◽

Huijuan Jing ◽

Xin Ye ◽

Chao Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Tea Polyphenols ◽

Green Tea Polyphenols ◽

Macroporous Resin ◽

Epicatechin Gallate

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) are the most abundant ester catechins of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) with numerous potential bioactivities, which have a wide application prospect in the...

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Prolonged Pneumococcal Meningitis Due to an Organism With Increased Resistance to Penicillin

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.58.3.378 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 378-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abel Paredes ◽

Larry H. Taber ◽

Martha D. Yow ◽

Dorothy Clark ◽

William Nathan

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Focus Of Infection ◽

Resistance To Penicillin ◽

Penicillin Treatment ◽

Susceptibility Tests

For more than 30 years, penicillin has been the agent of choice for pneumococcal infections. During this time the majority of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been highly susceptible to penicillin. However, during the last ten years there have been sporadic reports of pneumococci with increased resistance to penicillin. The case report of an 18-month-old white boy with meningitis due to a strain of S. pneumoniae with increased resistance to penicillin is presented. The MIC of the organism to penicillin was 0.2µg/ml and the MBC 0.39µg/ml. The patient had normal immunity and no demonstrable sequestered focus of infection but failed to respond to appropriate doses of intravenous penicillin. Treatment with chloramphenicol caused a dramatic bacteriologic and clinical response. This experience reemphasizes the existence of pneumococcal strains of intermediate penicillin sensitivity and the importance of in vitro susceptibility tests.

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In Vitro Infection Model Characterizing the Effect of Efflux Pump Inhibition on Prevention of Resistance to Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00391-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 3988-4000 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Arnold Louie ◽

David L. Brown ◽

Weiguo Liu ◽

Robert W. Kulawy ◽

Mark R. Deziel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Infection Model ◽

Wild Type ◽

Efflux Pump Inhibition ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACT The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is slowly rising as a consequence of the increased use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to treat community-acquired pneumonia. We tested the hypothesis that increased efflux pump (EP) expression by S. pneumoniae may facilitate the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance. By using an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection system, a wild-type S. pneumoniae strain (Spn-058) and an isogenic strain with EP overexpression (Spn-RC2) were treated for 10 days with ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin in the presence or absence of the EP inhibitor reserpine to evaluate the effect of EP inhibition on the emergence of resistance. Cultures of Spn-058 and Spn-RC2 were exposed to concentration-time profiles simulating those in humans treated with a regimen of ciprofloxacin at 750 mg orally once every 12 h and with regimens of levofloxacin at 500 and 750 mg orally once daily (QD; with or without continuous infusions of 20 μg of reserpine/ml). The MICs of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for Spn-058 were both 1 μg/ml when susceptibility testing was conducted with each antibiotic alone and with each antibiotic in the presence of reserpine. For Spn-RC2, the MIC of levofloxacin alone and with reserpine was also 1 μg/ml; the MICs of ciprofloxacin were 2 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, when determined with ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with reserpine. Reserpine, alone, had no effect on the growth of Spn-058 and Spn-RC2. For Spn-058, simulated regimens of ciprofloxacin at 750 mg every 12 h or levofloxacin at 500 mg QD were associated with the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance. However, the use of ciprofloxacin at 750 mg every 12 h and levofloxacin at 500 mg QD in combination with reserpine rapidly killed Spn-058 and prevented the emergence of resistance. For Spn-RC2, levofloxacin at 500 mg QD was associated with the emergence of resistance, but again, the resistance was prevented when this levofloxacin regimen was combined with reserpine. Ciprofloxacin at 750 mg every 12 h also rapidly selected for ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of Spn-RC2. However, the addition of reserpine to ciprofloxacin therapy only delayed the emergence of resistance. Levofloxacin at 750 mg QD, with and without reserpine, effectively eradicated Spn-058 and Spn-RC2 without selecting for fluoroquinolone resistance. Ethidium bromide uptake and efflux studies demonstrated that, at the baseline, Spn-RC2 had greater EP expression than Spn-058. These studies also showed that ciprofloxacin was a better inducer of EP expression than levofloxacin in both Spn-058 and Spn-RC2. However, in these isolates, the increase in EP expression by short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was transient. Mutants of Spn-058 and Spn-RC2 that emerged under suboptimal antibiotic regimens had a stable increase in EP expression. Levofloxacin at 500 mg QD in combination with reserpine, an EP inhibitor, or at 750 mg QD alone killed wild-type S. pneumoniae and strains that overexpressed reserpine-inhibitable EPs and was highly effective in preventing the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae during therapy. Ciprofloxacin at 750 mg every 12 h, as monotherapy, was ineffective for the treatment of Spn-058 and Spn-RC2. Ciprofloxacin in combination with reserpine prevented the emergence of resistance in Spn-058 but not in Spn-RC2, the EP-overexpressing strain.

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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mango Peel Liqueurs (Mangifera indica L.) Produced by Different Methods of Maceration

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8040102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 102 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Emanuela Monteiro Coelho ◽

Marcelo Eduardo Alves Olinda de Souza ◽

Luiz Claudio Corrêa ◽

Arão Cardoso Viana ◽

Luciana Cavalcanti de Azevêdo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

High Performance ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Bioactive Content ◽

Mango Peels

The present work had the objective of producing liqueurs from mango peels (varieties “Haden” and “Tommy Atkins”) by processes of alcoholic maceration and maceration with pectinase, as well as to evaluate bioactive compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and fluorescence-detection (RP-HPLC/DAD/FD) and in vitro antioxidant activity (AOX), for by-product potential reuse. Alcoholic maceration in wine ethanol (65% v/v) produced liqueurs with higher phytochemical and AOX content. Maceration with pectinase resulted in liqueurs with higher quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside content. In relation to mango varieties, Haden liqueurs presented higher bioactive content than Tommy Atkins liqueurs. The liqueurs presented high antioxidant activity. The main bioactive compounds found were flavanols (epicatechin-gallate, epigallocatechin-gallate), flavonols (quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside and rutin), and phenolic acids (gallic acid, o-coumaric acid, and syringic acid). The present study showed that the production of liqueur enabled the recovering of an important part of the bioactive content of mango peels, suggesting an alternative for the recovery of antioxidant substances from this by-product.

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In Vitro Growth- and Encystation-Inhibitory Efficacies of Matcha Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate Against Acanthameoba Castellanii

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9090763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 763

Author(s):

Ameliya Dickson ◽

Elise Cooper ◽

Lenu B. Fakae ◽

Bo Wang ◽

Ka Lung Andrew Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Ftir Microscopy ◽

Sulforhodamine B ◽

Chemical Fingerprinting

We examined the inhibitory effect of matcha green tea (Camellia sinensis) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg; the most abundant catechin in tea) on the vegetative growth and encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii T4 genotype. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) stain-based colorimetric assay and hemocytometer counting were used to determine the reduction in A. castellanii trophozoite proliferation and encystation, in response to treatment with C. sinensis or EGCg. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy was used to analyze chemical changes in the trophozoites and cysts due to C. sinensis treatment. Hot brewed and cold brewed matcha inhibited the growth of trophozoites by >40% at a 100 % concentration. EGCg at concentrations of 50 to 500 µM significantly inhibited the trophozoite growth compared to control. Hot brewed matcha (100% concentration) also showed an 87% reduction in the rate of encystation compared to untreated control. Although 500 µM of EGCg increased the rate of encystation by 36.3%, 1000 µM reduced it by 27.7%. Both percentages were not significant compared to control. C. sinensis induced more cytotoxicity to Madin Darby canine kidney cells compared to EGCg. FTIR chemical fingerprinting analysis showed that treatment with brewed matcha significantly increased the levels of glycogen and carbohydrate in trophozoites and cysts.

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Aβ42 fibril formation from predominantly oligomeric samples suggests a link between oligomer heterogeneity and fibril polymorphism

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.190179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 190179 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christine Xue ◽

Joyce Tran ◽

Hongsu Wang ◽

Giovanna Park ◽

Frederick Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Green Tea ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Lag Time ◽

Aβ Oligomers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Aβ Aggregation

Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Oligomers of different sizes, morphology and structures have been reported in both in vivo and in vitro studies, but there is a general lack of understanding about where to place these oligomers in the overall process of Aβ aggregation and fibrillization. Here, we show that Aβ42 spontaneously forms oligomers with a wide range of sizes in the same sample. These Aβ42 samples contain predominantly oligomers, and they quickly form fibrils upon incubation at 37°C. When fractionated using ultrafiltration filters, the samples enriched with smaller oligomers form fibrils at a faster rate than the samples enriched with larger oligomers, with both a shorter lag time and faster fibril growth rate. This observation is independent of Aβ42 batches and hexafluoroisopropanol treatment. Furthermore, the fibrils formed by the samples enriched with larger oligomers are more readily solubilized by epigallocatechin gallate, a main catechin component of green tea. These results suggest that the fibrils formed by larger oligomers may adopt a different structure from fibrils formed by smaller oligomers, pointing to a link between oligomer heterogeneity and fibril polymorphism.

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