scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Synergistic Effects of Commercial Piperine and Piperlongumine in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Ego Mgbeahuruike ◽  
Milla Stålnacke ◽  
Heikki Vuorela ◽  
Yvonne Holm
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Microbial resistance to currently available antibiotics is a public health problem in the fight against infectious diseases. Most antibiotics are characterized by numerous side effects that may be harmful to normal body cells. To improve the efficacy of these antibiotics and to find an alternative way to minimize the adverse effects associated with most conventional antibiotics, piperine and piperlongumine were screened in combination with conventional rifampicin, tetracycline, and itraconazole to evaluate their synergistic, additive, or antagonistic interactions against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was used to estimate the synergistic effects of various combination ratios of the piperamides and antibiotics against the bacterial and fungal strains. Both piperine and piperlongumine showed synergistic effects against S. aureus when combined at various ratios with rifampicin. Synergistic interaction was also observed with piperine in combination with tetracycline against S. aureus, while antagonistic interaction was recorded for piperlongumine and tetracycline against S. aureus. All the piperamide/antibacterial combinations tested against P. aeruginosa showed antagonistic effects, with the exception of piperine and rifampicin, which recorded synergistic interaction at a ratio of 9:1 rifampicin/piperine. No synergistic interaction was observed when the commercial compounds were combined with itraconazole and tested against C. albicans. The results showed that piperine and piperlongumine are capable of improving the effectiveness of rifampicin and tetracycline. Dosage combinations of these bioactive compounds with the antibiotics used may be a better option for the treatment of bacterial infections that aims to minimize the adverse effects associated with the use of these conventional antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial activity of monoterpenes in combination with conventional antimicrobials against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Pereira de Lira ◽  
Gustavo Fernandes Queiroga Moraes ◽  
Girlene Macena Santos ◽  
Francisco Patrício de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Fillipe De Oliveira Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: bacterial infections are a public health problem. Besides, the emergence of strains resistant to antimicrobials has<br />contributed to the search for new alternatives, such for the terpenes with antimicrobial potential. <strong>Objectives</strong>: the objective of this<br />study was to determine the possible interaction of isolated monoterpenes (-)-Carveol, Geraniol, Citronellol, α-terpineol, R-(-) Carvone,<br />(-)-Menthol, Linalool, D-Dihydrocarvone, and (-)-Terpine-4-ol with conventional antimicrobials (Chloramphenicol, Minocycline,<br />Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin) when they are evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis,<br />Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. <strong>Methodology</strong>: the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these test drugs<br />were determined using the microdilution method. The Checkerboard method was used to assess the interactions, by determining<br />the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index). <strong>Results</strong>: aamong the monoterpenes, only Carveol, Citronellol, and Geraniol<br />presented antimicrobial activity (MIC &lt; 1024 μg/mL). They presented synergistic effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-9027<br />(FIC index ≤ 0.5) when in combination with Minocycline. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: this study contributes to the development of new approaches<br />to control bacterial resistance and to the possibility of discovering new drugs.</p>

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Ocotillol Derivatives and Their Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5969
Author(s):  
Doudou Zhang ◽  
Yucheng Cao ◽  
Kaiyi Wang ◽  
Zhuoyue Shi ◽  
Ruodong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Compound 21 ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

The improper use of antibiotics has led to the development of bacterial resistance, resulting in fewer antibiotics for many bacterial infections. Especially, the drug resistance of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) is distinctly serious. This research designed and synthesized two series of 3-substituted ocotillol derivatives in order to improve their anti-HA-MRSA potency and synergistic antibacterial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, 20–31 showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1–64 µg/mL in vitro against HA-MRSA 18–19, 18–20, and S. aureus ATCC29213. Compound 21 showed the best antibacterial activity, with an MIC of 1 μg/mL and had synergistic inhibitory effects. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value was 0.375, when combined with chloramphenicol (CHL) or kanamycin (KAN). The structure–activity relationships (SARs) of ocotillol-type derivatives were also summarized. Compound 21 has the potential to be developed as a novel antibacterial agent or potentiator against HA-MRSA.

Synergistic effects of ketamine and azole derivatives on Candida spp. resistance to fluconazole

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Batista de Andrade Neto ◽  
Cecília Rocha da Silva ◽  
Fátima Daiana Barroso ◽  
Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá ◽  
Rosana de Sousa Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Drug Synergy

The emergence of Candida spp. with resistance to antifungal molecules, mainly the azole class, is an increasing complication in hospitals around the globe. Aim: In the present research, we evaluated the synergistic effects of ketamine with two azole derivatives, itraconazole and fluconazole, on strains of Candida spp. to fluconazole. Materials & methods: The drug synergy was evaluated by quantifying the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Results: Our achievements showed a synergistic effect between ketamine in addition to the two antifungal agents (fluconazole and itraconazole) against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. Conclusion: This combination promoted alteration of membrane integrity, generation of reactive oxygen species, damage to and DNA and externalization of phosphatidylserine.

scholarly journals In vitro synergy of isavuconazole in combination with colistin against Candida auris

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schwarz ◽  
Anne-Laure Bidaud ◽  
Eric Dannaoui
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Agar Diffusion

AbstractThe in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with colistin were evaluated against 15 clinical Candida auris isolates by a microdilution checkerboard technique based on the EUCAST reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing and by agar diffusion using isavuconazole gradient concentration strips with or without colistin incorporated RPMI agar. Interpretation of the checkerboard results was done by the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by response surface analysis based on the Bliss model. By checkerboard, combination was synergistic for 93% of the isolates when interpretation of the data was done by fractional inhibitory concentration index, and for 80% of the isolates by response surface analysis interpretation. By agar diffusion test, although all MICs in combination decreased compared to isavuconazole alone, only 13% of the isolates met the definition of synergy. Essential agreement of EUCAST and gradient concentration strip MICs at +/− 2 log2 dilutions was 93.3%. Antagonistic interactions were never observed for any technique or interpretation model used.

scholarly journals Effect the combination of antibiotics on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-692
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Atotal of 75 different clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad Biochemical and morphological characterization tests showed that forty isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all isolates towards ten antibiotics were carried out and results showed that many isolates (97.5 %) were resistant to ?-lactam antibiotic , 70 % were resistant to Tetracyclinee , 62.5% were resistant to co-trimoxazole , 60 % were resistant to ciprofloxacin , 55% were resistant both of chloramphenicol and erythromycin , 52.5% were resistant to gentamicin , 35% were resistant to rifampicin , 10% were resistant to vancomycin . According to the above results the S.aureus I1 which is isolated from patients with osteomyelitis showed resistant to all ten antibiotics therefore was used in the followed experiments. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S.aureus I1 vancomycin, cefotaxim , penicillin G, amoxicillin , ciprofloxacin , co-trimoxazole ,gentamicin, rifampicin was checked.The results showed that isolates had MIC between (390-12500) ?g/ml. The combination of different antibiotics with vancomycin showed synergistic effect based on the Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC).

scholarly journals In Vitro Interaction of Posaconazole and Caspofungin against Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3544-3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Oliveira ◽  
A. W. Fothergill ◽  
W. R. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B. J. Coco ◽  
T. F. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

ABSTRACT Combinations of caspofungin and posaconazole were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration index against 119 Candida glabrata isolates. Synergy was seen in 18% of all isolates and in 4% of fluconazole-resistant isolates at 48 h without evidence of antagonism. This antifungal combination may have utility against this organism.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions of Echinocandins with Triazoles against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Anupam Prakash ◽  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Eric Dannaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

ABSTRACT We determined the in vitro interactions between echinocandins and azoles against 10 multidrug-resistant Candida auris strains by use of a microdilution checkerboard technique. Our results suggest synergistic interactions between micafungin and voriconazole with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.15 to 0.5, and we observed indifferent interactions when micafungin was combined with fluconazole (FICI, 0.62 to 1.5). Combinations of caspofungin with fluconazole or voriconazole exhibited indifferent interactions. No antagonism was observed for any combination.

scholarly journals Combinations of Lysostaphin with β-Lactams Are Synergistic against Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Kiri ◽  
Gordon Archer ◽  
Michael W. Climo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergy Testing ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is rapidly killed by the endopeptidase lysostaphin, and the addition of β-lactam antibiotics provides synergistic killing. We investigated the possibility that β-lactams given in combination with lysostaphin would improve the activity of lysostaphin against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE), which is normally less susceptible to lysostaphin. Checkerboard synergy testing was performed for lysostaphin given in combination with oxacillin against 10 ORSE isolates for which the lysostaphin MICs were ≥ 8 μg/ml. The fractional inhibitory concentration index ranged from 0.0234 to 0.2656, indicating synergy, which was confirmed in growth curve experiments. In the rabbit model of experimental aortic valve endocarditis using an ORSE strain, the combination of lysostaphin and nafcillin was as effective as vancomycin alone and significantly better than lysostaphin or nafcillin alone. We conclude that β-lactam antibiotics given in combination with lysostaphin are synergistic against many strains of ORSE.

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