scholarly journals Fragments of a Wheat Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptide Augment the Inhibitory Effect of a Triazole Fungicide on Spore Germination of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Tatyana Odintsova ◽  
Tatyana Pasechnik ◽  
Lenara Arslanova ◽  
Tatyana Smetanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Triazole Fungicide ◽  
Alternaria Species

There are increasing environmental risks associated with extensive use of fungicides for crop protection. Hence, the use of new approaches using natural plant defense mechanisms, including application of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), is of great interest. Recently, we studied the structural–function relationships between antifungal activity and five hevein-like AMPs from the WAMP (wheat AMP) family of Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush. We first discovered that short peptides derived from the central, N-, and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs (WAMP-2) were able to augment the inhibitory effect of Folicur® EC 250, a triazole fungicide, on spore germination of the wheat pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata. In this research, we explored the ability of chemically synthesized WAMP-2-derived peptides for enhancing the sensitivity of two other Fusarium and Alternaria species, F. oxysporum and A. solani, causing wilt and early blight of tomato, respectively, to Folicur®. The synthesized WAMP-2-derived peptides synergistically interacted with the fungicide and significantly increased its efficacy, inhibiting conidial germination at much lower Folicur® concentrations than required for the same efficiency using the fungicide alone. The experiments on co-applications of some of WAMP-2-fragments and the fungicide on tomato leaves and seedlings, which confirmed the results obtained in vitro, are described.

scholarly journals Identification and Predictions Regarding the Biosynthesis Pathway of Polyene Macrolides Produced by Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Han ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Lianna Liu ◽  
Fengying Shen ◽  
Qingfang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polyene Macrolides ◽  
Alternative Agent

ABSTRACT A group of polyene macrolides mainly composed of two constituents was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63, which was isolated from soil where potato scabs were repressed naturally. One of these macrolides was roflamycoin, which was first reported in 1968, and the other was a novel compound named Men-myco-A, which had one methylene unit more than roflamycoin. Together, they were designated RM. This group of antibiotics exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities in vitro against 17 plant-pathogenic fungi, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.05 to 7.09 μg/ml and 90% effective concentrations (EC90) of 4.32 to 54.45 μg/ml, which indicates their potential use in plant disease control. Furthermore, their biosynthetic gene cluster was identified, and the associated biosynthetic assembly line was proposed based on a module and domain analysis of polyketide synthases (PKSs), supported by findings from gene inactivation experiments. IMPORTANCE Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63 is a biocontrol strain that has been studied in our laboratory for many years and exhibits a good inhibitory effect in many crop diseases. Therefore, the identification of antimicrobial metabolites is necessary and our main objective. In this work, chemical, bioinformatic, and molecular biological methods were combined to identify the structures and biosynthesis of the active metabolites. This work provides a new alternative agent for the biological control of plant diseases and is helpful for improving both the properties and yield of the antibiotics via genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure–Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Odintsova ◽  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Marina Slezina ◽  
Tatyana Pasechnik ◽  
Bakhyt Kartabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Function Relationship

Hevein-like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise a family of plant AMPs with antifungal activity, which harbor a chitin-binding site involved in interactions with chitin of fungal cell walls. However, the mode of action of hevein-like AMPs remains poorly understood. This work reports the structure–function relationship in WAMPs—hevein-like AMPs found in wheat (Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.) and later in other Poaceae species. The effect of WAMP homologues differing at position 34 and the antifungal activity of peptide fragments derived from the central, N- and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs, namely WAMP-2, on spore germination of different plant pathogenic fungi were studied. Additionally, the ability of WAMP-2-derived peptides to potentiate the fungicidal effect of tebuconazole, one of the triazole fungicides, towards five cereal-damaging fungi was explored in vitro by co-application of WAMP-2 fragments with Folicur® EC 250 (25% tebuconazole). The antifungal activity of WAMP homologues and WAMP-2-derived peptides varied depending on the fungus, suggesting multiple modes of action for WAMPs against diverse pathogens. Folicur® combined with the WAMP-2 fragments inhibited the spore germination at a much greater level than the fungicide alone, and the type of interactions was either synergistic or additive, depending on the target fungus and concentration combinations of the compounds. The combinations, which resulted in synergism and drastically enhanced the sensitivity to tebuconazole, were revealed for all five fungi by a checkerboard assay. The ability to synergistically interact with a fungicide and exacerbate the sensitivity of plant pathogenic fungi to a commercial antifungal agent is a novel and previously uninvestigated property of hevein-like AMPs.

scholarly journals Antifungal Effects of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil on the Inhibitory Growth of some Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh NASSERI ◽  
Hossein AROUIEE ◽  
Shiva GOLMOHAMMADZADEH ◽  
Mahmoud Reza JAAFARI ◽  
Hossein NEAMATI
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

The present study aimed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the essential oil of Zataria multiflora to control Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger. The essential oil of Zataria multiflora was tested in vitro on PDA (malt extract agar medium) with eight concentrations: 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 ppm. This investigation followed the completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. GC-MS evaluations of the essential oil revealed that thymol (35%), carvacrol (34%), cymene-p (9.89%), gamma-terpinene (5.88%) and alpha-pinene (4.22%) were the main compounds of Zataria multiflora oil. The results showed that the essential oil of Zataria multiflora has antifungal activity; the lowest inhibition (75%) was observed in the A. niger, while the highest inhibition (95.3%) was observed in A. solani. Minimum inhibitory concentration for A. solani, R. solani, R. stolonifer, A. flavus, A. ochraceus and A. niger was 200, 200, 200, 300, 300 and 200 ppm respectively. In addition, the present results showed that minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for A. solani, R. solani, R .stolonifer, A. niger and A.ochraceus was 600, 400, 300, 900 and 700 ppm respectively and none of the tested concentrations were fatal for A. flavus. A. solani and R. solani showed a strong sensitivity to Zataria multiflora essential oil at all concentrations. Findings of the current study suggest that essential oils of Zataria multiflora could be used for control of postharvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruits or vegetables.

scholarly journals A Novel Rhizospheric Bacterium, Bacillus Velezensis NKMV-3 as a Biocontrol Agent against Alternaria Leaf Blight in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Murthy ◽  
VedhaHari BodethalaNarayanan ◽  
MubarakAli Davoodbasha ◽  
MadhanShankar ShankarRamakrishanan
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract A novel strain of Bacillus isolated from rhizosphere has shown to be excellent biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens. In this study, a first report of a Bacillus strain NKMV-3 which effectively controlling Alternaria solani, which cause the Early Blight disease in tomato. Based on the cultural and molecular sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the identity of the strain was confirmed as Bacillus velezensis NKMV-3. The presence of the lipopeptide which are antibiotic synthesis genes namely Iturin C, Surfactin A, Fengycin B and D were confirmed through gene amplification. In addition, lipopetides was also confirmed through liquid chromatography. The extract showed inhibitory effect against A.solani in-vitro and detached tomato leaf assays. Bacillus velezensis strain NKMV-3 based formulations may provide an effective solution in controlling early blight disease in tomato and other crops.

scholarly journals BIOASSAY OF BOTANICAL OILS AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Tahira Parveen ◽  
Kanika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Whatman Paper

Objective: In vitro antifungal activity of six essential oils of 1. Ocimum tenuiflorum (Purple leaves/Krishna Tulsi) 2. Cymbopogon citrates (Nimbu ghas), 3. Origanum majorina (Sweet majoram), 4. Ocimum citriodorum (Nimbu tulsi), 5. Ocimum bascillicum (Gulal tulsi), and 6. Ocimum sanctum (Green leaves/Shree tulsi) were investigated against economically important phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, isolated from infected chilly. Methods: The experiment was carried out by Whatman paper disc method using Whatman paper No.3 on Potato Dextrose Agar with three replicates. Five concentrations of each essential oils i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were assayed against the test fungus. The experiment was carried out at 27ᵒC and mycelial growth was measured after every third day, upto 15 d using statistical method.Results: It is an evident from this study that all the oils used in this study are inhibiting test fungi, oil of O. bascillicum and O. sanctum are completely (100%) inhibiting test fungi.Conclusion: It may be concluded from the above study that all the taken oils have a good potential to control plant pathogenic fungi and these could be considered for developing a new fungicide.

Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing Carboxylate Unit as Potential Antifungal Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Longzhu Bao ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Di Song ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiali Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Control Failures

Background: Due to the extensive use of a single fungicide to control crop diseases, the increase of resistant individuals leads to control failures. The search for molecules with fungicidal activity is still ongoing. Strobilurin is one of the most popularly used fungicides in the agrochemical field. A large number of strobilurin derivatives with both high activity and low toxicity have been developed. Methods: In the present study, a series of novel ortho-substituted benzyl carboxylates were efficiently synthesized by the reaction of (E)-methyl 2-(2-(bromom-ethyl)phenyl)-2-methox-yiminoaceta with various carboxylic acids. Their structures were confirmed and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS analysis. Their fungicidal activities against common phytopathogenic fungi from six major cash crops were screened based on the pesticides guidelines for the laboratory bioactivity tests. Results: The primary fungicidal activity test results indicate that all compounds showed a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of 13 plants pathogenic fungi at a concentration of 100 ppm, and Compd. 3 has the most obvious inhibitory effect on all fungi. Further fungicidal activity studies indicate that some of these novel strobilurin derivatives containing carboxylate unit exhibited potential in vitro fungicidal activities at the dosage of 6.25 mg/L-1. Conclusion: A series of the ortho-substituted benzyl carboxylates derivatives containing β- methoxyacrylate moiety were designed and synthesized by modifying the side chain of traditional strobilurin fungicide. Compd. 3, Compd. 2 and Compd. 16 were identified as the most promising candidates for further study.

scholarly journals Downregulation of Polyamine and Diamine Oxidases in Silicon-Treated Cucumber

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Anita Szegő ◽  
Iman Mirmazloum ◽  
Zsolt Pónya ◽  
Oyuntogtokh Bat-Erdene ◽  
Mohammad Omran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amine Oxidases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
The Impact

Silicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element in soil with well-known beneficial effects under certain conditions, in several plant species, if supplied in available form for uptake. It may alleviate damage in various stress situations and may also promote growth when no obvious stressors are applied. Effects of Si are often linked to mitigation of oxidative stress, in particular to the induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. In the work presented, the impact of silicon provision on pro-oxidant systems was investigated in cucumber. Plants of the F1 cultivar hybrid ‘Joker’ were grown under in vitro conditions in the absence of any applied external stressor. Silicon provision decreased H2O2 content and lowered lipid peroxidation in the leaves of the treated plants. This was paralleled by declining polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities. Several PAO as well as lipoxygenase (LOX) genes were coordinately downregulated in Si-treated plants. Unlike in similar systems studied earlier, the Si effect was not associated with an increased transcript level of gene coding for antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest an inhibitory effect of Si provision on pro-oxidant amine oxidases, which may decrease the level of reactive oxygen species by retarding their production. This extends the molecular mechanisms linked to silicon effects onto redox balance in plants.

Inhibitory effect of essential oil from Nepeta rtanjensis on fungal spore germination

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Grbić ◽  
Miloš Stupar ◽  
Jelena Vukojević ◽  
Dragoljub Grubišić
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Alternaria Species

AbstractThe ability of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil to inhibit conidia germination of fungi was evaluated in vitro. Tested fungi included in research were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride and two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis. The conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides were most susceptible to the N. rtanjensis essential oil treatment, and the oil concentration of 0.1 µg ml−1 caused the maximum of conidia germination inhibition. The highest concentration used in experiment that caused the maximum of conidia germination inhibition was 0.6 µg ml−1 for Alternaria isolated from leaf surface of N. rtanjensis. The germ tube elongation of Alternaria isolates significantly decreased in response of different concentrations of oil used in experiment.

scholarly journals Different Antifungal Activity of Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. against Botrytis cinerea

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Righini ◽  
Elena Baraldi ◽  
Yolanda García Fernández ◽  
Antera Martel Quintana ◽  
Roberta Roberti
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Anabaena Sp

Water extracts and polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. were tested for their activity against the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Water extracts at 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/mL inhibited B. cinerea growth in vitro. Antifungal activity of polysaccharides obtained by N-cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation in water extracts was evaluated in vitro and in vitro at 0.5, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL. These concentrations were tested against fungal colony growth, spore germination, colony forming units (CFUs), CFU growth, and on strawberry fruits against B. cinerea infection with pre- and post-harvest application. In in vitro experiments, polysaccharides from Anabaena sp. and from Ecklonia sp. inhibited B. cinerea colony growth, CFUs, and CFU growth, while those extracted from Jania sp. reduced only the pathogen spore germination. In in vitro experiments, all concentrations of polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. reduced both the strawberry fruits infected area and the pathogen sporulation in the pre-harvest treatment, suggesting that they might be good candidates as preventive products in crop protection.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against Fusarium graminearum and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Qian Xiu ◽  
Lianyu Bi ◽  
Haorong Xu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zehua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Excellent Control

Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019±0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxinsome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxinsome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum.

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