scholarly journals Salvigenin, a Trimethoxylated Flavone from Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch, Exerts Combined Lipid-Lowering and Mitochondrial Stimulatory Effects

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Elena Serino ◽  
Azam Chahardoli ◽  
Nadia Badolati ◽  
Carmina Sirignano ◽  
Fereshteh Jalilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Achillea Wilhelmsii ◽  
Lowering Activity

Phytochemical analysis of the Iranian plant Achillea wilhelmsii led to the isolation of 17 pure secondary metabolites belonging to the classes of sesquiterpenoids and phenolics. Two of these compounds, named wilhemsin (7) and wilhelmsolide (9), are new sesquiterpenoids, and the first shows undescribed structural features. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly based on 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical derivatization. Starting from plant traditional use and previous reports on the activity of the plant extracts, all the pure compounds were evaluated on endpoints related to the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The sesquiterpene hanphyllin (8) showed a selective cholesterol-lowering activity (−12.7% at 30 µM), santoflavone (13) stimulated glucose uptake via the GLUT transporter (+16.2% at 30 µM), while the trimethoxylated flavone salvigenin (14) showed a dual activity in decreasing lipid levels (−22.5% palmitic acid biosynthesis at 30 µM) and stimulating mitochondrial functionality (+15.4% at 30 µM). This study further confirms that, in addition to the antioxidants vitexin, isovitexin, and isoschaftoside, A. wilhelmsii extracts contain molecules that can act at different levels on the metabolic syndrome symptoms.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS. RELATIONSHIP WITH PROLIFERATIVE PROCESSES AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-497
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Kishkina ◽  
Larisa Kolomiets ◽  
Natalya Yunusova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This literature review is devoted to the relationship of the structural features of the metabolic syndrome in proliferative processes and endometrial cancer (EC), and the identification of the relationship between the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and the development of endometrial cancer. The metabolic syndrome is currently a global medical and social problem, which is due to the wide spread of this symptom complex in the population. Today, the main concept of this syndrome is the concept of a cluster of components associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is known that an increase in the mass of adipose tissue above the norm by 20% or more leads to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. At the same time, the risk of RE on the background of metabolic syndrome increases by 2-3 times. This probability also largely depends on the severity of proliferation in the endometrium, which is caused by the presence of dyshormonal and metabolic disorders. In addition, this is due to the aggravation of insulin resistance, an increase in the production of androgens by the ovaries, the formation of stable anovulation and, as a result, the progression of pathological changes in the endometrium. With the onset of peri - and postmenopausal endometrial hyperplasia in about 50% of cases progressing to malignant pathology. The role of the system of insulin-like growth factors, adipokines secreted from visceral adipocytes of free fatty acids, local estrogen formation and hyperandrogenization is also recognized in creating a predisposition to the EC formation. According to the results of the study of the functioning of the autocrine-paracrine system of adipose tissue, the risk of endometrial proliferative processes is higher at low levels of adiponectin and high levels of insulin. All this indicates the feasibility of monitoring the status of adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and the Metabolic Syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GOLDN Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond K Kabagambe ◽  
Michael Y Tsai ◽  
Paul N Hopkins ◽  
Jose M Ordovas ◽  
James M Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
National Heart ◽  
National Heart Lung

Abstract Background: Different fatty acids may vary in their effect on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We tested whether fatty acid classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with the MetS or its components. Methods: Included were men [n = 497; mean (SD) age, 49 (16) years] and women [n = 539; age, 48 (16) years] from 187 families in a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) family study of the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) conducted in Utah and Minnesota. We used gas chromatography to measure erythrocyte fatty acids and obtained data on potential confounding variables from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of the MetS as defined by the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was 36.8% in Utah and 39.6% in Minnesota (P >0.05). In a multivariate model that included 4 fatty acid classes, covariates, and pedigree as a random effect, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the MetS in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile of polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1.00, 0.72 (0.47–1.10), 0.67 (0.43–1.05), and 0.39 (0.24–0.64), respectively (P for trend = 0.0002). For the corresponding quartiles of saturated fatty acids, the odds ratios were 1.00, 1.19 (0.77–1.84), 1.48 (0.94–2.34), and 1.63 (1.01–2.63), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Unlike n6 fatty acids, which showed an inverse association (P <0.05) with MetS, n3, trans, and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the MetS (P >0.05). We observed significant correlations (P <0.05) between fatty acid classes, insulin, and components of the MetS. Conclusions: Polyunsaturated fats are inversely associated with the MetS, whereas saturated fatty acids are positively associated with the MetS, probably through their effect on lipids, adiposity, insulin, and blood pressure.

scholarly journals Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3909
Author(s):  
Aila J. Ahola ◽  
Carol M. Forsblom ◽  
Valma Harjutsalo ◽  
Per-Henrik Groop
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nut Intake

Although nut consumption has been associated with several health benefits, it has not been investigated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, our aim was to assess nut consumption and its association with metabolic syndrome in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. The nut intake of the 1058 participants was assessed from 3-day food records that were completed twice, and the number of weekly servings, assuming a serving size of 28.4 g, was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the cardiovascular risk factors: central obesity, high blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), high triglyceride concentration (≥1.70 mmol/L or use of lipid-lowering medication), low HDL-cholesterol concentration (<1.00 mmol/L in men and <1.30 mmol/L in women or use of lipid-lowering medication), and hyperglycaemia. Overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. HbA1c > 59 mmol/mol (>7.5%) was used as a criterion for suboptimal glycaemic control. Of the 1058 (mean age 46 years, 41.6% men) participants, 689 (54.1%) reported no nut intake. In the remaining sample, the median weekly nut intake was 40.8 g. In the adjusted models, higher nut intake, as the continuous number of weekly servings and the comparison of those with <2 and ≥2 weekly servings, was associated with lower metabolic syndrome score, waist circumference, HbA1c, and BMI. Nut consumption as a continuous variable was negatively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, its blood pressure, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol components, and suboptimal glycaemic control. Consumption of ≥2 weekly servings was associated with lower odds of suboptimal glycaemic control (by 51.5%), overweight/obesity (by 33.4%), and metabolic syndrome (by 51.8%) and meeting the waist (by 37.3%), blood pressure (by 44.5%), triglyceride (by 37.7%), and HDL-cholesterol (by 36.2%) components of the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, a weekly nut intake of ≥2 servings was beneficially associated with all the components of the metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes. The causality of this association will need to be investigated.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and antifungal property of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
Vincent Ngouana ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Elisabeth Zeuko’o Menkem ◽  
Valerie Flore Donfack Donkeng ◽  
Ghislain Wabo Fotso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Property ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Microsporum Audouinii ◽  
Pure Compounds

The emergence of resistant fungi to available drugs highlights the need for new antifungal drugs. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the isolated compounds, fractions and crude extract from the leaf of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll. Arg. Three pure compounds labelled 1-3 were isolated from the methylene chloride / methanol (1/1) extract of the leaf of this plant using chromatography techniques. These compounds were identified using analytical spectroscopic methods as betulinic acid (1), quercetine (2) and quercitin (3). The crude extract, fractions and compounds were tested against pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei) and dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton soudanense, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum langeronii) using agar well diffusion and dilution methods. The safety of the crude extract was studied on Wistar rats according to the WHO guidelines. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 48 to 781 μg/ml against yeasts for crude extract and fractions, and 1.86 to 25000 μg/ml against dermatophytes for pure compounds, fractions and crude extract. The antifungal activity of pure compounds was not determined against yeasts. The crude extract of leaf was found to be safe in rat at up to 12 g/kg. The results achieved supported the traditional use of Mallotus oppositifolius leaf for the treatment of fungal infections.Keywords: Mallotus oppositifolius, antifungal activity, safety, phytochemical screening.

scholarly journals In-vitro effects of PDE5 inhibitor and statin treatment on the contractile responses of experimental MetS rabbit's cavernous smooth muscle

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Erden ◽  
Esat Korgalı ◽  
Gokce Dundar ◽  
Semih Ayan ◽  
Gökhan Gokce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Relaxation Responses ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Objective: Hypercholesterolaemia promotes erectile dysfunction through increased superoxide formation and decreased nitric oxide bioactivity in cavernosal tissue. The role of nitric oxide on erectile function is well known. Statins have lipid lowering properties and can modulate endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability. Sildenafil, enhances smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum. We invastigated in-vitro effects of sildenafil and rosuvastatin on nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic and nitric oxide mediated cavernosal smooth musle relaxation in metabolic syndrome rabbits, since alterations in this pathway are recognised in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic erectile dysfunction. Methods: Ten male rabbits were fed a standart diet as control group, fourty male rabbits were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 12 weeks. Hypercholesterolemic group were divided for without treatment, rosuvastatin treatment, sildenafil teratment, and rosuvastatin + sildenafil treatment (N = 10 per groups). Results: Serum levels of cholesterol and glucose were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). After theraphy no differences were found among the groups in relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside. The relaxation responses to carbachol and EFS were significantly reduced in metabolic syndrome group to control group (p &lt; 0.05), but there were no differences between the other groups and control group. There was a significantly lower in-vitro relaxation response in the metabolic syndrome rabbits than in controls and the others (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Both agents improve in-vitro relaxation responses of erectile tissue from metabolic syndrome rabbits to endothelial non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic and nitric oxide. This finding supports to the results of other clinical studies with these drugs.

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