scholarly journals Supplemental Oxygen in the Newborn: Historical Perspective and Current Trends

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Maxwell Mathias ◽  
Jill Chang ◽  
Marta Perez ◽  
Ola Saugstad
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Oxygen Gradients ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Delivery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Final Electron ◽  
Cellular Oxygen ◽  
Dying Cells

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, and a lack of oxygen can result in bioenergetic failure and cell death. Thus, administration of supplemental concentrations of oxygen to overcome barriers to tissue oxygen delivery (e.g., heart failure, lung disease, ischemia), can rescue dying cells where cellular oxygen content is low. However, the balance of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption relies on tightly controlled oxygen gradients and compartmentalized redox potential. While therapeutic oxygen delivery can be life-saving, it can disrupt growth and development, impair bioenergetic function, and induce inflammation. Newborns, and premature newborns especially, have features that confer particular susceptibility to hyperoxic injury due to oxidative stress. In this review, we will describe the unique features of newborn redox physiology and antioxidant defenses, the history of therapeutic oxygen use in this population and its role in disease, and clinical trends in the use of therapeutic oxygen and mitigation of neonatal oxidative injury.

scholarly journals Automatic Oxygen Delivery System for Premature Babies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao P. Do ◽  
Lindsey J. Eubank ◽  
Devin S. Coulter ◽  
John M. Freihaut ◽  
Carlos E. Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Saturation Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level

When an infant is born prematurely, there are a number of health risks. Among these are underdeveloped lungs, which can lead to abnormal gas exchange of oxygen or hypoxemia. Hypoxemia is treated through oxygen therapy, which involves the delivery of supplemental oxygen to the patient but there are risks associated with this method. Risks include retinopathy, which can cause eye damage when oxygen concentration is too high, and brain damage, when the concentration is too low [1]. Supplemental oxygen concentration must be controlled rigorously. Currently healthcare staff monitors infants’ blood oxygen saturation level using a pulse oximeter. They manually adjust the oxygen concentration using an air-oxygen blender. Inconsistent manual adjustments can produce excessive fluctuations and cause the actual oxygen saturation level to deviate from the target value. Precision and accuracy are compromised. This project develops an automatic oxygen delivery system that regulates the supplemental oxygen concentration to obtain a target blood oxygen saturation level. A microprocessor uses a LABVIEW® program to analyze pulse oximeter and analyzer readings and control electronic valves in a redesigned air-oxygen blender. A user panel receives a target saturation level, displays patient data, and signals alarms when necessary. The prototype construction and testing began February 2010.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR TREATMENT AND LIFE-SAVING FOR PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7(76)) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Alexander Alexeyevich Medenkov ◽  
Vitaly Nikolayevich Frantsuzov ◽  
Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Dvornikov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Analysis Of Means ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The article is devoted to the analysis of means of symptomatic treatment of coronavirus infection. Pathogenesis and symptoms of damage to organs and systems are considered. The main mechanisms of disruption of blood supply to organs and tissues are noted. The history of the development and use of perfluorane in disorders of gas exchange in the lungs and the function of red blood cells to transport oxygen is presented. Data on the effectiveness of the use of blood substitute in medical practice is considered. The properties and qualities of perfluorane and the mechanisms of its action to improve the oxygen supply of organs and tissues are considered. Evidence of the use of perfluorane in various diseases is given. The prospect of using perfluorane for the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection has been shown.

scholarly journals Supplemental Oxygen Use in Ischemic Stroke Patients, Does Utilization Correspond to Need for Oxygen Therapy?

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 382-382
Author(s):  
Arthur M Pancioli ◽  
Mark J Bullard ◽  
Mary E Grulee ◽  
Edward C Jauch ◽  
David F Perkis
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Explicit Criteria

P236 Background: In 1994, the American Heart Association Stroke Council stated that there is no data to support routine use of supplemental oxygen in stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of supplemental oxygen use in ischemic stroke and whether patients receiving oxygen met criteria for therapy. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed to generate a comprehensive list of explicit criteria for supplemental oxygen use. When the literature disagreed, criteria were included in the list to overestimate rather than underestimate the justification for oxygen use. A retrospective chart review of 169 consecutive, non-intubated, ischemic stroke patients admitted to a university hospital during calendar year 1998 was performed. Two patients were excluded due to missing data yielding a sample of 167 patients. Data included demographic and co-morbidity information as well as a check of each inpatient day for documentation of any of the explicit criteria for supplemental oxygen use. Results: A total of 167 patient charts were reviewed yielding a total of 600 inpatient days abstracted. Of the 167 patients, 102 (61.1%) received oxygen accounting for 322 patient days. Of the 322 inpatient days that patients received oxygen, 147 (45.6%) met at least one criteria for oxygen utilization. Of the 278 inpatient days that patients did not receive oxygen 69 (24.8%) would have met at least one of the criteria for oxygen use. For the entire population, statistically significant factors associated with patients receiving oxygen included: presence of at least one justifying criteria, increasing age, white race, male gender, history of atrial fibrillation, and a history of hypertension. Conclusion: We developed a comprehensive, literature-based list of criteria for supplemental oxygen therapy that was designed to overestimate rather than underestimate the justification of oxygen utilization. Using this explicit list, only 45.6% of days of oxygen therapy were justified in our ischemic stroke population. This study demonstrates that oxygen therapy is commonly given to ischemic stroke victims without clear indication.

Ethics of Liver Transplantation: The Role of the Anesthesiologist

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. West
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Donation After Circulatory Death ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Circulatory Death

Anesthesiologists have clearly established their place in the history of medical ethics. Our involvement goes back to 1966 when Henri Beecher published his landmark paper on research and informed consent. Participation in the ethics of transplantation is no less important than our previous work. Organ transplant has been life saving for many but also has given rise to many misunderstandings not just from the public but also among our own colleagues. These include methods of allocation and donation, the role that affluence may play in receiving an organ, the definition of death and donation after circulatory death. As perioperative physicians and important members of the transplant team, anesthesiologists are expected to participate in all aspects of care including ethical judgments. This article discusses some of the issues that seem to cause the most confusion and angst for those of us involved in both liver transplantation and in the procurement of organs. It will discuss the definition of death, donation after circulatory death, the anesthesiologists’ role on the selection committee, living donor liver transplantation, and transplantation of patients with alcohol-related liver disease.

Abstract 15398: Standing Breathless: A Case of Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S Vohra ◽  
Pritha Subramanyam ◽  
Harsimran S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Atrial Septal Aneurysm ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
History Of

A 67-year old women with a history of metastatic endometrial cancer, prior pulmonary embolism (PE) (on Xarelto) and mitral valve prolapse presented for 2-3 weeks of exertional dyspnea. Patient presented to oncology clinic with oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the mid-70% on room air requiring supplemental oxygen, and eventually high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). She was transferred to our cardiac intensive care unit for further management of her hypoxia. Physical exam was notable for decreasing SpO2 from supine (99%) to sitting (88%) to standing (79%). In this patient with metastatic cancer, differential diagnosis for hypoxia was broad including pneumonia, metastatic pulmonary disease, doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, and PE. CT chest showed no signs of pulmonary edema, pneumonia, lung metastases, or PE. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed normal left and right ventricular function with moderate aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation. However, agitated saline injection showed right to left flow consistent with intraatrial shunt. Transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed large patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm. Given physical examination findings, presence of PFO, and structural abnormalities of intraatrial septum, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) was considered. Right heart catheterization was completed to evaluate shunt physiology and showed unremarkable pressures (RA 1, RV 22/1, PCWP 3, PA 20/3, and LA 2). Venous oxygen saturations did not show any step-up suggesting left to right shunt. Exercise challenge did not result in any significant change in PA or PCWP pressures. Given persistent concern for POS without other clear diagnosis, patient underwent percutaneous closure of PFO with a 30mm Gore Cardioform septal occluder. Patient had resolution of her exertional hypoxia following procedure and was discharged home the next day. The case discusses 1) the importance of history of and physical exam in narrowing diagnosis, 2) utilization of multimodality imaging to evaluate intraatrial shunts, and 3) use of percutaneous methods for PFO closure.

Traditional Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Pavitra Solanki ◽  
Yasmin Sultana ◽  
Satyavir Singh
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Everybody is at risk of being infected by drug-resistant microscopic organisms. Managing with sickness has never been less demanding within the history of our species. At the current rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microbes, specialists foresee that battling infections tuberculosis, HIV, and intestinal sickness will become more complicated. Antimicrobial resistance is rendering numerous life-saving drugs useless. Antibiotic-resistant microbes, known as “superbugs,” are getting to be more various and more harmful, thanks to the proceeding abuse of anti-microbials. Natural medication offers an alternative to these progressively ineffectual drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traditional medicine is a holistic term enclosing diverse health practices. Concurring to a report by the College of Maryland Therapeutic Center, turmeric's volatile oil serves as a common anti-microbial.

Intramuscular Progesterone for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Emily A. Oliver ◽  
Amanda Roman-Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate ◽  
History Of

Women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth have an increased risk of recurrent preterm birth. In this randomized placebo-controlled trial funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, patients between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation with a history of spontaneous preterm birth were administered intramuscular 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) or placebo, weekly until 36 weeks of gestation. Treatment with 17P significantly reduced the rate of preterm birth (36.3% vs. 54.9%, p <0.001). Rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and need for supplemental oxygen were all significantly decreased in the 17P group. In women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth, weekly 17P decreases the rate of recurrent preterm birth.

Pulse oximetry

2007 ◽  
pp. 327-330
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Light Absorbance

Pulse oximetry 328 When employed correctly, pulse oximetry is a rapid non-invasive method of assessing one of the key components of tissue oxygen delivery: the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SaO2). • Based on the laws of light absorbance and optical density (Lambert's law and Beer's law), i.e. the principle that deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin absorb light at different wavelengths....

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