A Mixture of Pure, Isolated Polyphenols Worsens the Insulin Resistance and Induces Kidney and Liver Fibrosis Markers in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with severe metabolic consequences. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites in plants and the most abundant dietary antioxidants, which possess a wide range of health effects. The most relevant food sources are fruit and vegetables, red wine, black and green tea, coffee, virgin olive oil, and chocolate, as well as nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a pure, isolated polyphenol supplementation to counteract the pernicious metabolic effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). Our results indicated that the administration of pure, isolated polyphenols under HFD conditions for 26 weeks worsened the glucose metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. The data showed that the main target organ for these undesirable effects were the kidneys, where we observed fibrotic, oxidative, and kidney-disease markers. This work led us to conclude that the administration of pure polyphenols as a food supplement would not be advisable. Instead, the ingestion of complete “whole” foods would be the best way to get the health effects of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols.

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Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents the Augmented Hepatic Glucocorticoid Response Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21207582 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (20) ◽

pp. 7582

Author(s):

Jonatan Dassonvalle ◽

Francisco Díaz-Castro ◽

Camila Donoso-Barraza ◽

Carlos Sepúlveda ◽

Francisco Pino-de la Fuente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Epididymal Fat ◽

Glucocorticoid Response

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of energy balance. Their deregulation is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not understood if obesity alters the tissue glucocorticoid receptor (GR) response, and moreover whether a moderate aerobic exercise prevents the alteration in GR response induced by obesity. Methods: To evaluate the GR response in obese mice, we fed C57BL6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Before mice were sacrificed, we injected them with dexamethasone. To assess the exercise role in GR response, we fed mice an HFD and subjected them to moderate aerobic exercise three times a week. Results: We found that mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks developed hepatic GC hypersensitivity without changes in the gastrocnemius or epididymal fat GR response. Therefore, moderate aerobic exercise improved glucose tolerance, increased the corticosterone plasma levels, and prevented hepatic GR hypersensitivity with an increase in epididymal fat GR response. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that mice with HFD-induced obesity develop hepatic GR sensitivity, which could enhance the metabolic effects of HFD in the liver. Moreover, exercise was found to be a feasible non-pharmacological strategy to prevent the deregulation of GR response in obesity.

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The metabolic regulation of Fuzhuan brick tea in the high-fat diet-induced obese mice and the potential contribution of gut microbiota

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo02181h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dongming Liu ◽

Jianhui Wang ◽

Hongliang Zeng ◽

Fang Zhou ◽

Bei-Bei Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat

This study investigated the metabolic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and the potential contribution of gut microbiota. The results showed that FBT ameliorated...

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Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Mirabegron In Vitro and in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ◽

10.1124/jpet.118.255778 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 369 (3) ◽

pp. 419-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lei Hao ◽

Sheyenne Scott ◽

Mehrnaz Abbasi ◽

Yujiao Zu ◽

Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat

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Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Clinacanthus nutans on Fatty Acid Composition and Gene Expression in Male Obese Mice

10.20944/preprints201804.0232.v2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Samiaa Jamil Abdulwahid ◽

Meng Yong Goh ◽

Mahdi Ebrahimi ◽

Norhafizah Mohtarrudin ◽

Zailina Binti Hashim

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Health Concern ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Wide Range ◽

Clinacanthus Nutans

Obesity is a universal health concern that can lead to serious diseases. The side effects of synthetic anti-obesity drugs necessitate the finding of suitable natural/herbal alternatives. Mother nature offers a wide range of plants with medicinal properties that include crude extracts and isolated compounds which are effective for controlling and reducing weight gain. Obesity was induced in 60, 3-week-old male ICR mice, using high-fat diet (60% dietary energy from fat) for 16-week. The mice were divided at random into six groups with 10 mice: mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) only, mice fed normal diet only (NC), and orlistat at 15.9 mg/kg (HFD+Orlistat), and mice in three other high-fat diet groups treated with methanolic leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans (MECN) at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg. After 21-day of the treatment, MECN significantly reduced (P<0.05) the body weight, visceral fat and muscle saturated fatty acid compositions. There was also significant downregulation of HSL, PPAR α and PPAR γ and SCD genes expressions in the obese mice treated with 1500 mg/kg MECN compared to the HFD group. Therefore, MECN is a potentially useful natural supplement for alleviating obesity and obesity-mediated metabolic diseases.

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Dehydrozingerone exerts beneficial metabolic effects in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice via AMPK activation in skeletal muscle

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1111/jcmm.12455 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 620-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Su Jin Kim ◽

Hong Min Kim ◽

Eun Soo Lee ◽

Nami Kim ◽

Jung Ok Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Ampk Activation ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat

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Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22189885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (18) ◽

pp. 9885

Author(s):

Yun-Mi Kang ◽

Hyun-Ae Kang ◽

Divina C. Cominguez ◽

Su-Hyun Kim ◽

Hyo-Jin An

Keyword(s):

Lipid Accumulation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

The Body ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Oil Accumulation ◽

Wide Range

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme present in the leaves, fruits, roots, and latex of the Carica papaya (papaya) plant. Although it exhibits a wide range of activities, there are no reports on the anti-obesity effects of papain. This study examined the anti-obesity effect and obesity-involved anti-inflammatory mechanism of papain in in vivo and in vitro models using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of papain reduced HFD-induced weight of the body, liver, and adipose tissues of mice. Papain also reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte size. Moreover, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were markedly reduced in papain-treated mice. In addition, papain inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and oil accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and rat primary preadipocytes. Mechanistically, papain significantly downregulated the protein levels of key adipogenesis regulators and reversed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in HFD-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Papain also markedly enhanced activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in both models. Collectively, these results suggest that papain exerts anti-obesity effects in HFD-induced mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating levels of adipogenic factors involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation; thus, it could be useful in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

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Effect of a Fiber D-Limonene-Enriched Food Supplement on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Parameters of Mice on a High-Fat Diet

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13111753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1753

Author(s):

Maria Chiara Valerii ◽

Silvia Turroni ◽

Carla Ferreri ◽

Michela Zaro ◽

Anna Sansone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

High Fat ◽

Significant Difference

Several studies showed that D-Limonene can improve metabolic parameters of obese mice via various mechanisms, including intestinal microbiota modulation. Nevertheless, its effective doses often overcome the acceptable daily intake, rising concerns about toxicity. In this study we administered to C57BL/6 mice for 84 days a food supplement based on D-Limonene, adsorbed on dietary fibers (FLS), not able to reach the bloodstream, to counteract the metabolic effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). Results showed that daily administration of D-Limonene (30 and 60 mg/kg body weight) for 84 days decreased the weight gain of HFD mice. After 84 days we observed a statistically significant difference in weight gain in the group of mice receiving the higher dose of FLS compared to HFD mice (35.24 ± 4.56 g vs. 40.79 ± 3.28 g, p < 0.05). Moreover, FLS at both doses tested was capable of lowering triglyceridemia and also fasting glycemia at the higher dose. Some insights on the relevant fatty acid changes in hepatic tissues were obtained, highlighting the increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels even at the lowest dose. FLS was also able to positively modulate the gut microbiota and prevent HFD-associated liver steatosis in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that FLS at these doses can be considered non-toxic and could be an effective tool to counteract diet-induced obesity and ameliorate metabolic profile in mice.

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