scholarly journals Energy-Aware Scalable Reliable and Void-Hole Mitigation Routing for Sparsely Deployed Underwater Acoustic Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Khan ◽  
Khursheed Aurangzeb ◽  
Emad-ul-Haq Qazi ◽  
Atiq Ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
High Count ◽  
Acoustic Networks ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Noticeable Reduction

In wireless underwater sensor networks (WUSNs), network protocols for information routing are usually designed when a significant number of nodes are present in the network. Therefore, for sparse conditions, when a noticeable reduction in the number of nodes occurs, the performance of such protocols exhibits a degraded behavior pattern. To cope with routing issues when sparse conditions prevail, two routing algorithms for WUSNs are proposed in this paper. They are energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing (ESRVR) and cooperative energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing (Co-ESRVR). The ESRVR uses a number of strategies. Firstly, it uses two hop neighbors’ information to develop routing trajectories for information advancement, as one hop information cannot avoid a void-hole, a condition when a node is not able to find neighbors towards the sea surface, and more than two hop information is difficult to obtain when sparse conditions prevail. Secondly, when a void-hole still exists, the protocol uses a backward transmission mechanism to find other routing paths to deliver packets to the end target. Thirdly, the time by which a packet is held by a node prior to transmission is short for the nodes with low energy, depth and high count of neighbors. This reduces packets loss and avoids congestion of the channel. It also helps the nodes with no or few neighbors to hold the packet for a significant chunk of time until they find suitable neighbors, due to sea tides and currents, for further packets’ advancement. The Co-ESRVR further adds reliability to information advancement by adding routing in a cooperative fashion to ESRVR, which involves packets advancement to destination along two paths: directly from source and via a relayed path. This provides multiple paths for data advancement to the sea surface, so that if one path is badly affected by the harsh sea characteristics, others may not be. Unlike the counterpart protocol, the proposed algorithms are not dependent on a node’s geographical location or the distance from the sea surface, which increases their scalability and reduces the computational complexity. Performance analysis displays superior behavior patterns of the proposed algorithms over the counterpart in terms of the compared characteristics.

scholarly journals An Energy-Aware and Void-Avoidable Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 7792-7801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Guangjie Han ◽  
Hongde Qin ◽  
Suping Zhang ◽  
Yancheng Sui
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Aware

A Novel Energy Efficient Joint Dynamic Emissive Location-Based Routing Scheme for SOFAR Channel Underwater Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2001-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Sheng Tsai ◽  
Chich Fu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Better Than

The Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) could be recorded by hydrophones suspended in the channel as earthquake monitors by seismic events on or below the seafloor generated energy. In this paper, we present a novel position of sensor devices and routing protocol towards short for Sound Fixing and Ranging channel (SOFAR) for Sound Fixing and Ranging channel technologies, which could save transmission power. The sound speed also increases towards the warmer sea surface with temperature. Thus we use the oceanography to find more efficient ways of utilizing routing protocol and in to obtain more effective detection and identification capabilities for underwater sources. We present an adaptive location-based routing protocol which can overcome the location based UWSN without Global Positioning System (GPS) position. It reduced costs of deployment in long range propagation. The performances are measured according to the energy consumption per bit in which the result of simulator is better than other routing protocols such as FBR.

An energy-aware transmission mechanism for WiFi-based mobile devices handling upload TCP traffic

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyun Kim ◽  
Jongmin Lee ◽  
Hojung Cha ◽  
Rhan Ha
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Energy Aware

scholarly journals Load Balancing and Thermal-Aware in Geo-Distributed Cloud Data Centers Based on Vlans

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa I. Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Cloud Resource ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
Distributed Cloud ◽  
Cloud Resources

Power consumption in datacenters has become an emerging concern for the cloud providers. This poses enormous challenges for the programmers to motivate new paradigms to enhance the efficiency of cloud resources through designing innovative energy-aware algorithms. However, balancing the weights over geographically dispersed datacenters has been shown to be essential in decreasing the temperature consumption per datacenter. In this paper, we have formulated a load balancing paradigm to exploit the idea of scheduling scientific workflows over distributed cloud resources to make system outcome more efficient. The proposed heuristic works based on three constraints. First, initiating cloud resource locality for tenants and calculating the shortest distance in order to direct module applications to the closet resources and conserving more bandwidth cost. Second, selecting the most temperature aware datacenters based on geographical climate to maintain electricity cost for the providers. Third, running multiple datacenters within the same geographical location instead of housing the entire workloads in a single datacenter. This allows providers to take a tremendous advantage of sustaining the system from degradation or even unpredictable failure which in turn will frustrate the tenants. Furthermore, applications are formulated as Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-structured workflow. For the underlying cloud hardware, our model groups the cloud servers to communicate as if they were in the same physical location. Additionally, both modes, on-demand and reservation, are supported in our algorithm. Finally, the simulation showed that our method was able to enhance the utilization rates about 67% compared to the baseline model.

A Energy-Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Long Gao ◽  
La Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Qos Routing Algorithm

As the different QoS requirements of different businesses in wireless sensor networks, we proposed a QoS routing algorithm-EAQoS. The algorithm built multiple paths to sink node by recording the minimum hops of neighbors to sink. Then data was sent by the path that satisfied its QoS requirements and had enough residual energy. According to the comparisons with the SAR routing algorithm, this algorithm has obvious advantages in providing different services and prolonging the lifetime of network.

scholarly journals Impact of Sea Surface Temperature and Surface Air Temperature on Maximizing Typhoon Rainfall: Focusing on Typhoon Maemi in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyeon Choi ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Sangdan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Typhoon Rainfall

In this study, the effects of surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) changes on typhoon rainfall maximization are analysed. Based on the numerically reproduced Typhoon Maemi, this study tried to maximize the typhoon-induced rainfall by increasing the amount of saturated water vapour in the atmosphere and the amount of water vapour entering the typhoon. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which is one of the regional climate models (RCMs), the rainfall simulated by WRF while increasing the SAT and SST to various sizes at initial conditions and boundary conditions of the model was analysed. As a result of the simulated typhoon rainfall, the spatial distribution of total rainfall depth on the land due to the increase combination of SAT and SST showed a wide variety without showing a certain pattern. This is attributed to the geographical location of the Korean peninsula, which is a peninsula between the continent and the ocean. In other words, under certain conditions, typhoons may drop most of the rainfall on the southern sea of the peninsula before landing on the peninsula. For instance, the 6-hour duration maximum precipitation (MP) in Busan Metropolitan City was 472.1 mm when the SST increased by 2.0°C. However, when the SST increased by 4.0°C, the MP was found to be 395.3 mm, despite the further increase in SST. This indicates that the MP at a particular area and the increase in temperature do not have a linear relationship. Therefore, in order to maximize typhoon rainfall, it is necessary to repeat the numerical experiment on various conditions and search for the combination of SAT and SST increase which is most suitable for the target typhoon.

scholarly journals Temporary Redundant Transmission Mechanism for SCTP Multihomed Hosts

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. Mohana Geetha ◽  
S. K. Muthusundar ◽  
M. Subramaniam ◽  
Kathirvel Ayyaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Redundant Data ◽  
Concurrent Multipath Transfer ◽  
The Status ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Test Robustness

In SCTP’s Concurrent Multipath Transfer, if data is sent to the destined IP(s) without knowledge of the paths condition, packets may be lost or delayed. This is because of the bursty nature of IP traffic and physical damage to the network. To offset these problems, network path status is examined using our new mechanism Multipath State Aware Concurrent Multipath Transfer using redundant transmission (MSACMT-RTv2). Here the status of multiple paths is analyzed, initially and periodically thereafter transmitted. After examination, paths priority is assigned before transmission. One path is temporarily employed as redundant path for the failure-expected path (FEP); this redundant path is used for transmitting redundant data. At the end of predefined period, reliability of the FEP is confirmed. If FEP is ensured to be reliable, temporary path is transformed into normal CMT path. MSACMT-RTv2 algorithm is simulated using the Delaware University ns-2 SCTP/CMT module (ns-2; V2.29). We present and discuss MSACMT-RTv2 performance in asymmetric path delay and with finite receiver buffer (rbuf) size. We extended our experiment to test robustness of this algorithm and inferred exhaustive result. It is inferred that our algorithm outperforms better in terms of increasing the throughput and reducing the latency than existing system.

scholarly journals SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA LEVEL ANOMALY IN THE INDONESIAN WATER

GEOMATIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Dina Anggreni Sarsito ◽  
Dudy Darmawan Wijaya ◽  
Nur Fajar Trihantoro ◽  
Muhammad Syahrullah Fathulhuda ◽  
Dhota Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sea Surface Height ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Level Anomaly ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Mean Sea Surface ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
East Asia Region ◽  
The Impact

<p>Indonesia is an archipelago state lies between Indian and Pacific Oceans at the South East Asia region. Its unique geomorphological and geographical setting affect variabilities of instantaneous sea surface height (ISSH) concering to one of the sea reference surface i.e mean sea surface height (MSSH). The differences between both heights, known as sea level anomaly (SLA), can be recognized as one of the parameter that describes the dynamic phenomena of the ocean. We investigated the Spatiotemporal characteristics of long-term SLA in this research based on 30 years of sea-level data derived from the multi-mission of satellite Altimetry (Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3). The Spatiotemporal of SLA characteristics in Indonesian waters indicate substantial variations due to the influences of geographical location, bathymetric depth, and seasonal patterns. The SLA rate in the Indonesian region provides values that vary between 3.4 mm/yr to 5.3 mm/yr that higher than 3.2 mm/yr global SLA rate. The impact caused by the phenomenon needs to be taken into account given the vulnerability and disaster that could endanger the islands and coastal area in Indonesia. <strong></strong></p>

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