scholarly journals PET/CT Radiomics in Lung Cancer: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bianconi ◽  
Isabella Palumbo ◽  
Angela Spanu ◽  
Susanna Nuvoli ◽  
Mario Luca Fravolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Potential Applications

Quantitative extraction of imaging features from medical scans (‘radiomics’) has attracted a lot of research attention in the last few years. The literature has consistently emphasized the potential use of radiomics for computer-assisted diagnosis, as well as for predicting survival and response to treatment. Radiomics is appealing in that it enables full-field analysis of the lesion, provides nearly real-time results, and is non-invasive. Still, a lot of studies suffer from a series of drawbacks such as lack of standardization and repeatability. Such limitations, along with the unmet demand for large enough image datasets for training the algorithms, are major hurdles that still limit the application of radiomics on a large scale. In this paper, we review the current developments, potential applications, limitations, and perspectives of PET/CT radiomics with specific focus on the management of patients with lung cancer.

scholarly journals Recent and Current Advances in FDG-PET Imaging within the Field of Clinical Oncology in NSCLC: A Review of the Literature

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Kaseda
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths around the world, the most common type of which is non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Computed tomography (CT) is required for patients with NSCLC, but often involves diagnostic issues and large intra- and interobserver variability. The anatomic data obtained using CT can be supplemented by the metabolic data obtained using fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET); therefore, the use of FDG-PET/CT for staging NSCLC is recommended, as it provides more accuracy than either modality alone. Furthermore, FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful information on metabolic activity and tumor cellularity, and has become increasingly popular. A number of studies have described FDG-PET/MRI as having a high diagnostic performance in NSCLC staging. Therefore, multidimensional functional imaging using FDG-PET/MRI is promising for evaluating the activity of the intratumoral environment. Radiomics is the quantitative extraction of imaging features from medical scans. The chief advantages of FDG-PET/CT radiomics are the ability to capture information beyond the capabilities of the human eye, non-invasiveness, the (virtually) real-time response, and full-field analysis of the lesion. This review summarizes the recent advances in FDG-PET imaging within the field of clinical oncology in NSCLC, with a focus on surgery and prognostication, and investigates the site-specific strengths and limitations of FDG-PET/CT. Overall, the goal of treatment for NSCLC is to provide the best opportunity for long-term survival; therefore, FDG-PET/CT is expected to play an increasingly important role in deciding the appropriate treatment for such patients.

scholarly journals LKB1 and Tumor Metabolism: The Interplay of Immune and Angiogenic Microenvironment in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bonanno ◽  
Elisabetta Zulato ◽  
Alberto Pavan ◽  
Ilaria Attili ◽  
Giulia Pasello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Liver Kinase B1 ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Types

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation is frequent in different tumor types, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (about 30% of cases). LKB1 has an essential role in the control of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating ROS production and detoxification. Loss of LKB1 makes the tumor cell more sensitive to oxidative stress and consequently to stress-inducing treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. LKB1 loss triggers complex changes in tumor microenvironment, supporting a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and suggesting a potential role in the response to anti-angiogenic treatment. On the other hand, LKB1 deficiency can promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment and may be involved in primary resistance to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1, as it has been reported in lung cancer. The aim of this review is to discuss interactions of LKB1 with the tumor microenvironment and the potential applications of this knowledge in predicting response to treatment in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Imaging features and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT detection of soft-tissue metastasis from lung cancer: a retrospective study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Shumao Zhang ◽  
Chunfeng Liu ◽  
Wenhui Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Soft Tissue Metastasis ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Assessing EGFR gene mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer with imaging features from PET/CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Jiang ◽  
Yiqian Zhang ◽  
Junshen Xu ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Yinglong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Egfr Gene ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Egfr Gene Mutation

scholarly journals P183 Osteitis condensans ilii or axial spondyloarthritis: a diagnostic challenge!

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Safwan Jamal ◽  
Dave Ostry ◽  
Graham Robinson ◽  
Rajiv Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Initial Imaging ◽  
Osteitis Condensans Ilii

Abstract Background/Aims  Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) is a rare cause of chronic non-inflammatory axial lower back pain. It has become an important differential diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis. Bone marrow oedema can be present in 48% of patients. Although 'aunt minnie' appearance on MRI is pathognomonic, specialised imaging like SPECT/PET CT can be considered in difficult cases to confirm the diagnosis. We reviewed case notes of patients with incidental diagnosis of OCI on imaging and followed their clinical progression to see if the diagnosis was modified later. Methods  Retrospective radiological database analysis was performed to find imaging reported as OCI or osteitis from 2015-2020. Electronic patient records were analyzed and data was compiled through Microsoft Excel. Results  Data from 24 patients was reviewed. Most patients were females (91.7%), with a median age of 43 years (range 19-79 years). CT and MRI were the chief modalities of imaging (46% and 38% respectively) while 20% had plain x-rays of the pelvis. The main indications for imaging were pelvic or hip girdle pain (58.3%), cancer surveillance (25%), abdominal pain (6%), and infection (6%). 20% had an underlying rheumatological diagnosis of which 8% had spondyloarthritis. 12.5% of patients had seronegative features of spondyloarthritis and 8.3% were HLA B27 positive. Approximately 40% of patients were seen by the Rheumatology team for further assessment after imaging and 12.5% of patients were diagnosed with axial spondyloarthritis and remained under follow-up. Conclusion  OCI can mimic sacroiliitis on imaging. Although only a minority of patients with OCI reported on initial imaging were subsequently diagnosed with axial spondyloarthritis, thorough clinical assessment and multidisciplinary discussion can reduce the chance of a missed axial spondyloarthritis diagnosis. Further large-scale studies are required to find the exact incidence of spondyloarthritis in patients with imaging features of OCI. Disclosure  S. Saeed: None. M. Jamal: None. D. Ostry: None. G. Robinson: None. R. Sengupta: None.

Direct Synthesis of MoSe2 Thin Films on SiO2/Si Using Selenization Process of Sputtered Molybdenum

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-585
Author(s):  
Dae-Young Um ◽  
R. Nandi ◽  
Jeong-Hun Yang ◽  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Woong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Molybdenum Diselenide ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Direct Current Sputtering

Recently, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has attracted nascent research attention for potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to its unique properties including tunable bandgap, strong photoluminescence and large exciton binding energy. However, the synthesis of reproducible, controlled and large scale MoSe2 films is still a great challenge. Here, we have investigated the morphology, structure and crystalline quality of MoSe2 films synthesized by the selenization of Mo metal films. The Mo metal films of different thicknesses were deposited at room temperature by direct current sputtering. Subsequently, MoSe2 films were prepared by selenization of sputtered Mo films at 550 °C for 20 minutes. The obtained MoSe2 films are polycrystalline with hexagonal crystal structure. The crystalline quality of the MoSe2 films is improved with increase in the thickness of Mo metal films. The MoSe2 films are found to be n-type in nature and reasonably stoichiometric (Mo/Se ratio ∼1:1.9). This study provides an experimental demonstration of an alternative cost-effective direct synthesis of MoSe2 films on SiO2/Si for the applications of semiconductor devices.

Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Cracks on Bimaterial Interfaces: Part III—Large-Scale Yielding

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Shih ◽  
R. J. Asaro ◽  
N. P. O’Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Bimaterial Interfaces ◽  
Homogeneous Materials ◽  
Scale Yielding

In Parts I and II, the structure of small-scale yielding fields of interface cracks were described in the context of small strain plasticity and J2 deformation theory. These fields are members of a family parameterized by the plastic phase angle ξ which also determines the shape or phase of the plastic zone. Through full-field analysis, we showed the resemblance between the plane-strain interface crack-tip fields and mixed-mode HRR fields in homogeneous material. This connection was exploited, to the extent possible, inasmuch as the interface fields do not appear to have a separable form. The present investigation is focused on “opening” dominated load states (| ξ | ≤ π/6) and the scope is broadened to include finite ligament plasticity and finite deformation effects on near-tip fields. We adopt a geometrically rigorous formulation of J2 flow theory taking full account of crack-tip blunting. Our results reveal several surprising effects, that have important implications for fracture, associated with finite ligament plasticity and finite strains. For one thing the fields that develop near bimaterial interfaces are more intense than those in homogeneous material when compared at the same value of J or remote load. For example, the plastic zones, plastic strains, and the crack-tip openings, δt, that evolve near bimaterial interfaces are considerably larger than those that develop in homogeneous materials. The stresses within the finite strain zone are also higher. In addition, a localized zone of high hydrostatic stresses develops near the crack tip but then expands rapidly within the weaker material as the plasticity spreads across the ligament. These stresses can be as much as 30 percent higher than those in homogeneous materials. Thus, the weaker material is subjected to large stresses as well as strains—states which promote ductile fracture processes. At the same time, the accompanying high interfacial stresses can promote interfacial fracture.

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