scholarly journals The Influence of Noise Emitted by Vehicles on Pedestrian Crossing Decision-Making: A Study in a Virtual Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2913
Author(s):  
Francisco Soares ◽  
Emanuel Silva ◽  
Frederico Pereira ◽  
Carlos Silva ◽  
Emanuel Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Auditory Condition ◽  
Perceptual Modalities ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Influence Of Noise

When crossing a road, pedestrians must detect traffic, combine data coming from different perceptual modalities, evaluate the time envelope for safely cross the street, and monitor the position of oncoming vehicles to perform corrective actions if needed. This study analyzed the influence of noise emitted by vehicles, or its absence, on pedestrians’ crossing decision-making. Experiments were performed in a virtual environment using two road scenarios. Participants were presented with stimuli of approaching vehicles that varied regarding speed, movement patterns, and auditory condition: one concerning the approaching of an electric vehicle, another regarding the approaching of a gasoline combustion vehicle, and, finally, a condition regarding the absence of auditory cues. Participants were tasked with indicating the moment when they decided to cross the street. The results show that, despite the noise variations caused by the type of vehicle and its speed pattern, the participants’ decision to cross was mostly based on vehicle distance. When a vehicle approaches the crosswalk from a short distance and with no occlusion to the pedestrian’s visibility, the sound does not seem to influence the pedestrians’ crossing decision-making.

Implementing auralized CPB sounds on a pedestrian simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3085-3096
Author(s):  
Francisco Soares ◽  
Frederico Pereira ◽  
Emanuel Silva ◽  
Carlos Silva ◽  
Emanuel Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Determining Factor

Recently, several studies on pedestrian safety and particularly those addressing pedestrian crossing behaviour and decision-making, have been performed using virtual reality systems. The use of simulators to assess pedestrian behaviour is conditioned by the feeling of presence and immersion, for which the sound is a determining factor. This paper presents an implementation procedure in which tyre-road noise samples are auralized and presented as auditory stimuli in a virtual environment, for assessing pedestrian crossing decision-making. The auditory samples obtained through the Close Proximity (CPX) method and subsequently auralized to represent Controlled Pass-By (CPB) sounds reproduce the sounds of a vehicle approaching a crosswalk. The auralized sounds together with the presentation of visual stimuli composed an experiment which was carried out with 30 participants. Safety indicators, as the time-to-passage at the moment that participants decided to cross a virtual crosswalk and the minimum time-to-collision were registered and compared with data obtained in real-world road crossings. A comparison with real world data points to a close alignment between results obtained in virtual and real environments, indicating a good suitability of the approach for studying pedestrian crossing behaviour.

Would you Make the Right Decision? – Decision Making Biases in Economy - Related Dilemmas

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion

The use of force feedback and auditory cues for performance of an assembly task in an immersive virtual environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Edwards ◽  
Woodrow Barfield ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Assembly Task ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment

scholarly journals Investigate Naturalistic Decision Making of Football Players to Design Virtual Environment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Bossard ◽  
Gilles Kermarrec ◽  
Romain Benard ◽  
Pierre De Loor ◽  
Jacques Tisseau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making

Gender Mainstreaming in Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 870-886
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Policies And Practices

Gender mainstreaming means the consistent use of a gender perspective at all stages of the development and implementation of policies, plans, programmes, and projects. Mainstreaming gender differs from previous efforts to integrate women's concerns into government activities in that, rather than ‘adding on' a women's component to existing policies, plans, programmes, and projects, a gender perspective informs these at all stages and in every aspect of the decision-making process. Gender mainstreaming starts by analyzing the everyday life situation of women and men. It makes their differing needs and problems visible and examines what this means for specific policy areas. In this way, it ensures policies and practices are not based on incorrect assumptions and stereotypes. It recognizes that gender is one of the most fundamental organizing features in society and affects our lives from the moment we are born.

scholarly journals Return to play after hamstring injuries in football (soccer): a worldwide Delphi procedure regarding definition, medical criteria and decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (22) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick van der Horst ◽  
FJG Backx ◽  
Edwin A Goedhart ◽  
Bionka MA Huisstede
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Feedback Report ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Delphi Procedure ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
The Moment

There are three major questions about return to play (RTP) after hamstring injuries: How should RTP be defined? Which medical criteria should support the RTP decision? And who should make the RTP decision? The study aimed to provide a clear RTP definition and medical criteria for RTP and to clarify RTP consultation and responsibilities after hamstring injury. The study used the Delphi procedure. The results of a systematic review were used as a starting point for the Delphi procedure. Fifty-eight experts in the field of hamstring injury management selected by 28 FIFA Medical Centres of Excellence worldwide participated. Each Delphi round consisted of a questionnaire, an analysis and an anonymised feedback report. After four Delphi rounds, with more than 83% response for each round, consensus was achieved that RTP should be defined as ‘the moment a player has received criteria-based medical clearance and is mentally ready for full availability for match selection and/or full training’. The experts reached consensus on the following criteria to support the RTP decision: medical staff clearance, absence of pain on palpation, absence of pain during strength and flexibility testing, absence of pain during/after functional testing, similar hamstring flexibility, performance on field testing, and psychological readiness. It was also agreed that RTP decisions should be based on shared decision-making, primarily via consultation with the athlete, sports physician, physiotherapist, fitness trainer and team coach. The consensus regarding aspects of RTP should provide clarity and facilitate the assessment of when RTP is appropriate after hamstring injury, so as to avoid or reduce the risk of injury recurrence because of a premature RTP.

scholarly journals Changes in Lubricant Properties of Used Synthetic Oils Based on the Total Acid Number

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Wolak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Total Acid Number

This article describes the processes of degradation of five engine oils belonging to the same SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) viscosity class but launched by different manufacturers. The direction and intensity of changes in the total acid number have been analyzed. As part of the experiment, the changes in engine oils occurring during operation have been examined. The operating conditions throughout the test can be described as “severe,” that is, frequent starting of the engine, short distance driving, and extended engine idling. All engine oils were operated in passenger cars of a uniform fleet of 25 vehicles. The total acid number was determined in accordance with the ASTM D664. The obtained results have led to the development of a statistical model enabling to calculate average predictive values of the total acid number for a given mileage. The results may facilitate decision-making regarding the service life of engine oils.

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