A Review of the Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options for European Viticulture

Viticulture and winemaking are important socioeconomic sectors in many European regions. Climate plays a vital role in the terroir of a given wine region, as it strongly controls canopy microclimate, vine growth, vine physiology, yield, and berry composition, which together determine wine attributes and typicity. New challenges are, however, predicted to arise from climate change, as grapevine cultivation is deeply dependent on weather and climate conditions. Changes in viticultural suitability over the last decades, for viticulture in general or the use of specific varieties, have already been reported for many wine regions. Despite spatially heterogeneous impacts, climate change is anticipated to exacerbate these recent trends on suitability for wine production. These shifts may reshape the geographical distribution of wine regions, while wine typicity may also be threatened in most cases. Changing climates will thereby urge for the implementation of timely, suitable, and cost-effective adaptation strategies, which should also be thoroughly planned and tuned to local conditions for an effective risk reduction. Although the potential of the different adaptation options is not yet fully investigated, deserving further research activities, their adoption will be of utmost relevance to maintain the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of the highly valued viticulture and winemaking sector in Europe.

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The Awareness of and Input into Cultural Heritage Preservation by Urban Planners and Other Municipal Actors in Light of Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12060726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 726

Author(s):

Paul Carroll ◽

Eeva Aarrevaara

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Town Planning ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Heritage Preservation ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

The Future ◽

Cultural Heritage Preservation

Future climate conditions need to be considered in planning for urban areas. As well as considering how new structures would best endure in the future, it is important to take into account factors that contribute to the degradation of cultural heritage buildings in the urban setting. Climate change can cause an increase in structural degradation. In this paper, a review of both what these factors are and how they are addressed by urban planners is presented. A series of inquiries into the topic was carried out on town planning personnel and those involved in cultural heritage preservation in several towns and cities in Finland and in a small number of other European countries. The target group members were asked about observed climate change impacts on cultural heritage, about present steps being taken to protect urban cultural heritage, and also their views were obtained on how climate change impacts will be emphasised in the future in this regard. The results of the inquiry demonstrate that climate change is still considered only in a limited way in urban planning, and more interaction between different bodies, both planning and heritage authorities, as well as current research on climate change impacts, is needed in the field.

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Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)

(Teaching) Regional Geography. Proceedings of 27th Central European Conference. 17th October 2019, Brno ◽

10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-11 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ivo Machar ◽

Marián Halás ◽

Zdeněk Opršal

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Climate Data ◽

Ecological Data ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Vegetation Zones ◽

Landscape Research

Regional climate changes impacts induce vegetation zones shift to higher altitudes in temperate landscape. This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.

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African Agriculture in 2050: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options

Handbook of Climate Change and Agroecosystems - Series on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation ◽

10.1142/9781848166561_0014 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 255-266

Author(s):

David B. Lobell

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

African Agriculture ◽

Adaptation Options

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Environmental Degradation, Tropical Diseases, and Economic Development

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.514 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John Luke Gallup

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Development ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Global Climate ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

It’s complicated. Tropical diseases have unusually intricate life cycles because most of them involve not only a human host and a pathogen, but also a vector host. The diseases are predominantly tropical due to their sensitivity to local ecology, usually due to the vector organism. The differences between the tropical diseases mean that they respond to environmental degradation in various ways that depend on local conditions. Urbanization and water pollution tend to limit malaria, but deforestation and dams can exacerbate malaria and schistosomiasis. Global climate change, the largest environmental change, will likely extend the range of tropical climate conditions to higher elevations and near the limits of the tropics, spreading some diseases, but will make other areas too dry or hot for the vectors. Nonetheless, the geographical range of tropical diseases will be primarily determined by public health efforts more than climate. Early predictions that malaria will spread widely because of climate change were flawed, and control efforts will probably cause it to diminish further. The impact of human disease on economic development is hard to pin down with confidence. It may be substantial, or it may be misattributed to other influences. A mechanism by which tropical disease may have large development consequences is its deleterious effects on the cognitive development of infants, which makes them less productive throughout their lives.

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Cost-effective design to address climate change impacts

Eco-Efficient Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Infrastructures ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-102181-1.00022-8 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 613-636

Author(s):

Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga ◽

Mark G. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Address Climate Change ◽

Effective Design

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Climate change impact evaluation in various regions in Europe on the base of ensemble modelling

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18052 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jaromir Krzyszczak ◽

Piotr Baranowski ◽

Monika Zubik

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Response Surfaces ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Crop Models ◽

Climate Change Uncertainty ◽

Arable Fields ◽

Four Levels ◽

The Impact ◽

Adaptation Options

Climate change uncertainty largely complicates adaptation and risk management evaluation at the regional level, therefore new approaches for managing this uncertainty are still being developed. In this study three crop models (DNDC, WOFOST and DSSAT) were used to explore the utility of impact response surfaces (IRS) and adaptation response surfaces (ARS) methodologies (Pirttioja et al., 2015; Ruiz-Ramos et al., 2018).To build IRS, the sensitivity of modelled yield to systematic increments of changes in temperature (-1 to +6&#176;C) and precipitation (-30 to +50%) was tested by modifying values of baseline (1981 to 2010) daily weather. Four levels of CO2 (360, 447, 522 and 601 ppm) representing future conditions until 2070 were considered. In turn, to build ARS, adaptation options were: shortening or extending the crop cycle of the standard cultivar, sowing earlier or later than the standard date and additional irrigation. Preliminary data indicate that yields are declining with higher temperatures and decreased precipitation. Yield is more sensitive to changes in baseline temperature values and much less sensitive to changes in baseline precipitation values for arable fields in Finland, while for arable fields in Germany, ARS indicates yield sensitivity at a similar level for both variables. Also, our data suggests that some adaptation options provides increase of the yield up to 1500 kg/ha, which suggest that ARSs may be valuable tool for planning an effective adaptation treatments. This research shows how to analyze and assess the impact of adaptation strategies in the context of the high level of regional uncertainty in relation to future climate conditions. Developed methodology can be applied to other climatic zones to help in planning adaptation and mitigation strategies.This study has been partly financed from the funds of the Polish National Centre for Research and Development in frame of the project: MSINiN, contract number: BIOSTRATEG3/343547/8/NCBR/2017

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ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON AMAN AND BORO RICE YIELDS IN BANGLADESH

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007816500081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 1650008 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. MEHEDI HASAN ◽

Md. ABDUR RASHID SARKER ◽

JEFF GOW

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Series Data ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Boro Rice

Despite substantial volumes of research on the impacts of climate change on rice productivity little attention has been paid in evaluating how these impacts differ between traditional varieties (TVs) and high yielding varieties (HYVs). In this study, Aman and Boro rice yields are examined, as respective examples. Cross-sectional time series data over 41 years for four climatic regions of Bangladesh has been used to explore this issue. Each region was examined individually and then across region comparisons were made to try to understand the impacts of major climate variables: average temperature, temperature range, and seasonal rainfall. Using both linear regression and panel data regression models, the major findings are that HYVs for both Aman and Boro rice varieties have less capacity to cope with changing climate conditions in contrast to TVs. Therefore, government should help to promote research and development aimed at developing more climate tolerant varieties, particularly temperature tolerant HYVs which have the potential to solidify the country’s food security situation at least in terms of food availability.

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Wind and rain are the primary climate factors driving changing phenology of an aerial insectivore

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.0412 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 284 (1853) ◽

pp. 20170412 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rachel D. Irons ◽

April Harding Scurr ◽

Alexandra P. Rose ◽

Julie C. Hagelin ◽

Tricia Blake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Tree Swallow ◽

Breeding Phenology ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Aerial Insectivore ◽

Windy Weather ◽

Two Measures

While the ecological effects of climate change have been widely observed, most efforts to document these impacts in terrestrial systems have concentrated on the impacts of temperature. We used tree swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor ) nest observations from two widely separated sites in central Alaska to examine the aspects of climate affecting breeding phenology at the northern extent of this species' range. We found that two measures of breeding phenology, annual lay and hatch dates, are more strongly predicted by windiness and precipitation than by temperature. At our longest-monitored site, breeding phenology has advanced at nearly twice the rate seen in more southern populations, and these changes correspond to long-term declines in windiness. Overall, adverse spring climate conditions known to negatively impact foraging success of swallows (wet, windy weather) appear to influence breeding phenology more than variation in temperature. Separate analyses show that short windy periods significantly delay initiation of individual clutches within years. While past reviews have emphasized that increasing variability in climate conditions may create physiological and ecological challenges for natural populations, we find that long-term reductions in inclement weather corresponded to earlier reproduction in one of our study populations. To better predict climate change impacts, ecologists need to more carefully test effects of multiple climate variables, including some, like windiness, that may be of paramount importance to some species, but have rarely been considered as strong drivers of ecological responses to climate alteration.

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