scholarly journals A Review of Training and Guidance Systems in Medical Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5752
Author(s):  
David Escobar-Castillejos ◽  
Julieta Noguez ◽  
Fernando Bello ◽  
Luis Neri ◽  
Alejandra J. Magana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Medical Surgery ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Learning Evaluation ◽  
Feedback Learning ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Future Work ◽  
And Storage

In this paper, a map of the state of the art of recent medical simulators that provide evaluation and guidance for surgical procedures is performed. The systems are reviewed and compared from the viewpoint of the used technology, force feedback, learning evaluation, didactic and visual aid, guidance, data collection and storage, and type of solution (commercial or non-commercial). The works’ assessment was made to identify if—(1) current applications can provide assistance and track performance in training, and (2) virtual environments are more suitable for practicing than physical applications. Automatic analysis of the papers was performed to minimize subjective bias. It was found that some works limit themselves to recording the session data to evaluate them internally, while others assess it and provide immediate user feedback. However, it was found that few works are currently implementing guidance, aid during sessions, and assessment. Current trends suggest that the evaluation process’s automation could reduce the workload of experts and let them focus on improving the curriculum covered in medical education. Lastly, this paper also draws several conclusions, observations per area, and suggestions for future work.

State of the art in robots used in minimally invasive surgeries. Natural Orifice Transluminal Surgery (NOTES) as a particular case

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Díaz ◽  
Roemi Fernández ◽  
Manuel Armada ◽  
Felipe de Jesús García Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Natural Orifice ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Effective Transmission ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an insight into recent advancements and developments of robotics for Natural Orifice Transluminal Surgery (NOTES) procedures. Design/methodology/approach – Following an introduction that highlights the evolution from Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) to NOTES in the medical field, this paper reviews the main robotics systems that have been designed and implemented for MIS and NOTES, summarising their advantages and limitations and remarking the technological challenges and the requirements that still should be addressed and fulfilled. Findings – The state-of-the-art presented in this paper shows that the majority of the platforms created for NOTES are laboratory prototypes, and their performances are still far from being optimal. New solutions are required to solve the problems confronted by the proposed systems such as the limited number of DOFs, the limited resolution, the optimal fixation and stiffening of the instruments for enabling stable and precise operation, the effective transmission of forces to the tip tools, the improvement of the force feedback feeling and the proper visualization and spatial orientation of the surgical field. Advances in robotics can contribute significantly to the development and future implementation of the NOTES procedure. Originality/value – This paper highlights the current trends and challenges ahead in robotics applied to NOTES procedure.

Modern trends in the development of forklifts

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
D.A. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Model ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

This article helps to understand what a forklift is, what it was and what it is at the moment. In the text below, a brief history of the appearance of the loader is well traced, the constructive component and its features are described. The main aspects of the development of a loader in the system of lifting and transporting machines and storage facilities are highlighted. The current trends in the development of forklifts are summarized, an analysis of the market of European and domestic consumers is provided and a conclusion about popular manufacturers is formulated. The information about modern design solutions for machines of this type was also not spared, the principles of operation were described, and also its own design-parametric model of a forklift was proposed, which is able to make work in warehouses more economical and profitable. In the conclusion, the main theses about the modernized machine are formulated, which can subsequently give an impetus to the development of automated control on domestically produced loaders. Keywords: forklift, modernization, improvement, lifting and transport equipment

scholarly journals Nonlinear Force Feedback Enhancement for Cooperative Robotic Neurosurgery Enforces Virtual Boundaries on Cortex Surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Beretta ◽  
Giancarlo Ferrigno ◽  
Elena De Momi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Nonlinear Force ◽  
Feedback Enhancement ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Robotic Neurosurgery ◽  
Robotic Assistant ◽  
Future Work

Surgeons can benefit from the cooperation with a robotic assistant during the repetitive execution of precise targeting tasks on soft tissues, such as brain cortex stimulation procedures in open-skull neurosurgery. Position-based force-to-motion control schemes may not be satisfactory solution to provide the manipulator with the high compliance desirable during guidance along wide trajectories. A new torque controller with nonlinear force feedback enhancement (FFE) is presented to provide augmented haptic perception to the operator from instrument-tissue interaction. Simulation tests were performed to evaluate the system stability according to different nonlinear force modulation functions (power, sigmoidal and arc tangent). The FFE controller with power modulation was experimentally validated with a pool of nonexpert users using brain-mimicking gelatin phantoms (8–16% concentration). Besides providing hand tremor rejection for a stable holding of the tool, the FFE controller was proven to allow for a safer tissue contact with respect to both robotic assistance without force feedback and freehand executions (50% and 75% reduction of the indentation depth, respectively). Future work will address the evaluation of the safety features of the FFE controller with expert surgeons on a realistic brain phantom, also accounting for unpredictable tissue motions as during seizures due to cortex stimulation.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition: The Next Chapter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Cheng Yan ◽  
Axel Steinbrueck ◽  
Adam C. Sedgwick ◽  
Tony D. James
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensors ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Molecule Recognition

Over the past 30 years fluorescent chemosensors have evolved to incorporate many optical-based modalities and strategies. In this perspective we seek to highlight the current state of the art as well as provide our viewpoint on the most significant future challenges remaining in the area. To underscore current trends in the field and to facilitate understanding of the area, we provide the reader with appropriate contemporary examples. We then conclude with our thoughts on the most probable directions that chemosensor development will take in the not-too-distant future.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution by Chiral Molecular Functionalization of Hybrid 2D Electrodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchang Liang ◽  
Karla Banjac ◽  
Kévin Martin ◽  
Nicolas Zigon ◽  
Seunghwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Surface Binding Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Polarization Mechanism ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Unconventional Methods

A sustainable future requires highly efficient energy conversion and storage processes, where electrocatalysis plays a crucial role. The activity of an electrocatalyst is governed by the binding energy towards the reaction intermediates, while the scaling relationships prevent the improvement of a catalytic system over its volcano-plot limits. To overcome these limitations, unconventional methods that are not fully determined by the surface binding energy can be helpful. Here, we use organic chiral molecules, i.e., hetero-helicenes, to boost the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by ca. 131.5 % (at the potential of 1.65 V vs. RHE) at state-of-the-art 2D catalysts via a spin-polarization mechanism. Our results show that chiral molecule-functionalization is able to increase the OER activity of catalysts beyond the volcano limits. A guideline for optimizing the catalytic activity via chiral molecular functionalization of hybrid 2D electrodes is given.

scholarly journals Soft Threshold Ternary Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiang Xu ◽  
Xiangyu He ◽  
Tianli Zhao ◽  
Qinghao Hu ◽  
Peisong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Soft Threshold ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of

Large neural networks are difficult to deploy on mobile devices because of intensive computation and storage. To alleviate it, we study ternarization, a balance between efficiency and accuracy that quantizes both weights and activations into ternary values. In previous ternarized neural networks, a hard threshold Δ is introduced to determine quantization intervals. Although the selection of Δ greatly affects the training results, previous works estimate Δ via an approximation or treat it as a hyper-parameter, which is suboptimal. In this paper, we present the Soft Threshold Ternary Networks (STTN), which enables the model to automatically determine quantization intervals instead of depending on a hard threshold. Concretely, we replace the original ternary kernel with the addition of two binary kernels at training time, where ternary values are determined by the combination of two corresponding binary values. At inference time, we add up the two binary kernels to obtain a single ternary kernel. Our method dramatically outperforms current state-of-the-arts, lowering the performance gap between full-precision networks and extreme low bit networks. Experiments on ImageNet with AlexNet (Top-1 55.6%), ResNet-18 (Top-1 66.2%) achieves new state-of-the-art.

scholarly journals Analyzing Compositionality-Sensitivity of NLI Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6867-6874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Nie ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Mohit Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
High Probability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Bag Of Words ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Future Work

Success in natural language inference (NLI) should require a model to understand both lexical and compositional semantics. However, through adversarial evaluation, we find that several state-of-the-art models with diverse architectures are over-relying on the former and fail to use the latter. Further, this compositionality unawareness is not reflected via standard evaluation on current datasets. We show that removing RNNs in existing models or shuffling input words during training does not induce large performance loss despite the explicit removal of compositional information. Therefore, we propose a compositionality-sensitivity testing setup that analyzes models on natural examples from existing datasets that cannot be solved via lexical features alone (i.e., on which a bag-of-words model gives a high probability to one wrong label), hence revealing the models’ actual compositionality awareness. We show that this setup not only highlights the limited compositional ability of current NLI models, but also differentiates model performance based on design, e.g., separating shallow bag-of-words models from deeper, linguistically-grounded tree-based models. Our evaluation setup is an important analysis tool: complementing currently existing adversarial and linguistically driven diagnostic evaluations, and exposing opportunities for future work on evaluating models’ compositional understanding.

scholarly journals Projetos globais: um estudo bibliométrico de jornais internacionais de administração

Internext ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Flávio Jorge Battistuzzo ◽  
Marcos Piscopo
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Global Projects

<p>Project management is an important process for the implementation of strategies. Different organizations use these concepts and tools to deploy strategies and acquire and sustain competitive advantages. Its importance to the proper execution of strategies has received the attention of different scholars. In line with project management, global projects have some specificities that make them more difficult to manage, as foreign liability and cultural issues. As the success of strategies and organizations themselves are linked to the success of projects, to understand global projects means to understand how management theory can be applied to project management in order to make organizations more successful. This bibliometric study aims to identify current trends in the global projects literature and evaluate its state of the art. Our conclusion indicates a concentration of papers on institutional theory, risk analysis/decision process and project marketing. We believe our study can support and encourage scholars to research the existing clusters identified by this study and evaluate how organization theory can be applied to the management of global projects.</p>

Virtual Environments for Motor Fine Skills Rehabilitation with Force Feedback

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor H. Andaluz ◽  
Cartagena Patricio ◽  
Naranjo José ◽  
Agreda José ◽  
López Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Force Feedback

scholarly journals PROJECT ANQA: DIGITIZING AND DOCUMENTING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Akhtar ◽  
G. Akoglu ◽  
S. Simon ◽  
H. Rushmeier
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Art History ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Web Platform

The practice of digitizing cultural heritage sites is gaining ground among conservation scientists and scholars in architecture, art history, computer science, and related fields. Recently, the location of such sites in areas of intense conflict has highlighted the urgent need for documenting cultural heritage for the purposes of preservation and posterity. The complex histories of such sites requires more than just their digitization, and should also include the meaningful interpretation of buildings and their surroundings with respect to context and intangible values. Project Anqa is an interdisciplinary and multi-partner effort that goes beyond simple digitization to record at-risk heritage sites throughout the Middle East and Saharan Africa, most notably in Syria and Iraq, before they are altered or destroyed. Through a collaborative process, Anqa assembles documentation, historically contextualizes it, and makes data accessible and useful for scholars, peers, and the wider public through state-of-the-art tools. The aim of the project is to engage in capacity-building on the ground in Syria and Iraq, as well as to create an educational web platform that informs viewers about cultural heritage in the region through research, digital storytelling, and the experience of virtual environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document