scholarly journals Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽  
Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo ◽  
Marín Pompa-García ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz ◽  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Significant Difference

The need for biomass as an alternative source for energy purposes points toward oil palm fruit residues (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as an attractive solution. Oil palm industry residue, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites and mesocarp fiber (PMF), have a high gross calorific value and could help countries meet their energy demands. However, information concerning physical, mechanical, and energy characteristics of agro-pellets made from mixtures of oil palm residue with pine sawdust, is not available. In this research, oil palm residues were mixed at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 with pine sawdust, and were chemically analyzed. Agro-pellets from mixtures were tested on their physical and mechanical properties, and the relationship of these properties with the chemical composition of oil palm residue mixtures was determined. Normality distribution tests of the variables were performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normal variables were analyzed through one-way ANOVA tests. When differences were found, they were validated using the Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test and were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Data not normally distributed were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Bulk density, particle density, and gross calorific value of agro-pellets (from mixing 80:20 oil palm residues with pine sawdust) were statistically higher (p < 0.05) to agro-pellets of 100% oil palm residues. Adding pine sawdust to oil palm residues increases some mechanical agro-pellet properties. Addition of pine sawdust to oil palm residues acts to increase some mechanical properties of agro-pellets.

Mechanical Properties of Mortar Modified with Cement Treated Tyre Crumb and Oil Palm Fruit Fibre

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Farah Noor Abdul Aziz ◽  
Sani Mohammed Bida ◽  
Noor Azline Mohd Nasir ◽  
Nor Azizi Safiee ◽  
Mohd Saleh Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Waste Tyre ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Addition or replacement of waste tyre in mortars and concretes in lightweight aggregate concrete composites are popular in concrete material research although the mechanical properties of the composite are reduced. Various research studies have been conducted in an effort to improve the mechanical properties of concretes and mortars containing waste tyre particles using chemicals and additives which lead to increase cost. This approach presents an economical and sustainable method, through adding oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) at 0.5, 1%, and 1.5% by mass of cement content into the matrix and pre-treating the tyre crumb aggregate (0-40%) by volume with cement, in order to improve the properties of the composite. Mechanical properties including compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were measured on the mortar specimens. Results showed the addition of 0.5% OPFF in 10% treated tyre crumb mortar gives the best improvement in the mechanical strengths of mortar modified with treated tyre crumb.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Severity of Physiological Disorders of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L.) in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Fred Bwayo Masika ◽  
Isaac Danso ◽  
Rossette Nangonzi ◽  
Otuba Moses Amugoli ◽  
Alex Asiimwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Physiological Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Trials ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Corporate Investors

In Africa, oil palm is grown in 25 countries supported by corporate investors. In Uganda, commercial oil palm cultivation began in 2005 in Bugala Islands. Seedlings were imported from countries with established breeding programs. These seedlings were grown in areas with different environmental conditions which have resulted in a number of physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the major physiological disorders in oil palm fruit bunches in Uganda. The study was carried out in the adaptive trials in Kagadi, Bugiri, Buvuma and Masaka Districts and in the different smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala District. Data was collected on bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening. Sampling was carried out in oil palm plantations above five years of age. Three fields were selected from each unit and three units from each block by the help of the Agricultural Extension Officers (AEOs). Palms were randomly sampled and assessed for presence of bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening symptoms. The incidence was expressed as a percentage of the total number of palms sampled while the severity of bunch rot disease was scored on a scale of 0-4. From the results, the differences in bunch rot and bunch failure in adaptive trials were statistically significant as well as across seasons (P &lt; 0.05). Uneven ripening was not statistically significant and severity of bunch rot in the different farmer blocks in Kalangala was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Uneven ripening was high across smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala and was statistically significant (P = 0.05) even across seasons (P &lt; 0.05). These results are important for sensitization of farmers on management of oil palm disorders and essential for guiding policy makers and investors as the oil palm industrial sector is being developed in Uganda. This study calls for determination of water deficit at the various ecological zones and its relationship to physiological disorders as a guide for further oil palm estate development.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of briquettes made from wood waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brožek ◽  
A. Nováková ◽  
M. Kolářová
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Total Moisture Content

At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste arises, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, products of which are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). In the paper the experimental results are published. The briquettes quality evaluation was their aim. For the briquetting tests bark (pine), shavings (about 90% spruce + 10% pine), sawdust (spruce), birch chips and poplar chips were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, density and mechanical durability.

Mechanical properties of lightweight mortar modified with oil palm fruit fibre and tire crumb

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Nora Aznieta Abd. Aziz ◽  
Sani Mohammed Bida ◽  
Noor Azline Mohd. Nasir ◽  
Mohd Saleh Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Lightweight Mortar

scholarly journals Growth assessment of juvenile oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) intercropped with fruit vegetables in a rainforest zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Ayodele Samuel OLUWATOBI ◽  
Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE ◽  
Olabisi Fatimo ADEKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Assessment

<p>Improper intercropping of <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> with other crops has impaired the growth and development of the oil palm due to competition for environmental resources. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of intercropping on the growth of juvenile oil palm for 2 years. The research commenced during the rainy season of 2016 at an established juvenile oil palm plantation in Ala, Akure-North Local Government of Ondo State. Four fruit vegetables were intercropped separately within the alley of the plantation at 1, 2 or 3 m away from the oil palms in a randomized complete block design. Growth parameters of the juvenile oils were assessed. Results revealed that at 16 weeks after intercropping (WAI), the intercropped oil palm recorded better growth performance with higher canopy spread, number of frond, number of leaflets and trunk height (218.20, 37.00, 87.48 and 38.17 cm) respectively, than the sole oil palms (214.67, 32.83, 72.89 and 31.67 cm) respectively. There were no significant difference in all the growth parameters examined except canopy height (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Juvenile oil palm cultivated in rainforest agroecological zone of Nigeria can be intercropped with fruit vegetables without any deleterious effect when intercropped at minimum of 1 m away from the oil palms.</p>

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of Oil Palm Fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Mesocarp and Endocarp Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermine Bille Ngalle ◽  
Joseph Martin Bell ◽  
Georges Franck Ngando Ebongue ◽  
Lambert Nyobe ◽  
Félix Chancelin Ngangnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

scholarly journals YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) FRUIT PROCESSING ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-399
Author(s):  
Julius Olatunde AYINDE ◽  
Michael FAMAKINWA ◽  
Babatunde Opeyemi AKEREDOLU
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Multistage Sampling

This study assessed the youths’ involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities in Ondo State, Nigeria. It described the socio-economic characteristics of youths involved in oil palm fruit processing activities, determined their level of involvement, examined their perception and identified constraints associated with their involvement. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents from the study area. Interview schedule was employed to collect relevant data, which was analysed with SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to draw inference on hypothesis. The results show that majority (63.3%) were male, 95.8% had formal education with a mean age of 27.2 ± 2.7 years. Picking of fresh fruit bunches ( = 2.71), packaging ( = 2.60) and gathering of bunches ( = 2.50) were the major activities youth involved in. Higher percentage (57.9%) of the youth had favourable perception towards involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities. Lack of modern processing facilities ( =3.65) and funds/inadequate credit facilities ( = 3.65) were the prime constraints to their involvement. Number of labour (r = 0.7460; p≤0.01) and income (r = 0.601; p≤0.01) of the respondents were significantly related to youth involvement. The study concluded that youth had moderate involvement in oil palm processing activities. However, agricultural development stakeholders like government should provide adequate and functional credits facilities to these youths to encourage their involvement.

scholarly journals A RIPENESS STUDY OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT AT THE BUNCH DIFFERENT POSITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Rismen Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit

The paper aims to study the position of the optimum oil palm ripeness at the bunch different positions. This information is essential to complete a measurement procedure to detect oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) maturity so that the detection devices can directly measure the optimal mature position as a representative of the entire FFB characteristics. In this study, the oil palm FFB (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) with the various ripeness stages (4 until 22 weeks after anthesis) were collected and divided from three positions, i.e., proximal, central and distal. Moreover, each fruit in each of these positions was subjected to sample preparation to identify water and oil content. The water and oil content were completed based on the oven test method and the Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively. The optimum ripeness position is determined based on the lowest water content and the highest oil content. Based on the analysis, during the process of oil palm maturation occurs a decrease in water content and an increase in oil content. In addition, the average water content of palm fruit varies greatly depending on its position based on the analysis, i.e., proximal (45.38±5.62%), central (35.30±3.34%) and distal (41.98±2.57%). The average oil content of oil palm fruit in the central position is higher oil content (25.10±1.72%) compared to the proximal (10.00±0.77%) and distal position (13.77±1.22%). We suspect that the chemical content differences of palm fruit in various positions are due to the inequality of the respiration rate and ethylene production throughout FFB. In addition, overall it can be concluded that the fruit in the central FFB position has an optimal ripeness level compared to the proximal and distal position. Thus, the measurement position recommended in evaluating palm maturity is at the central position of FFB.

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