scholarly journals Improved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain in Pure and Sequential Fermentation with Torulaspora delbrueckii for the Production of Verdicchio Wine with Reduced Sulfites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6722
Author(s):  
Alice Agarbati ◽  
Laura Canonico ◽  
Francesca Comitini ◽  
Maurizio Ciani
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Torulaspora Delbrueckii ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate ◽  
Sequential Fermentation ◽  
Organic Wine ◽  
Grape Juices

The application of yeast strains that are low producers of sulfur compounds is actually required by winemakers for the production of organic wine. This purpose could be satisfied using a native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain improved for oenological aptitudes. Moreover, to improve the aromatic complexity of wines, sequential fermentations carried out with S. cerevisiae/non-Saccharomyces yeast is widely used. For these reasons, in the present work an improved native S. cerevisiae low producer of sulfite and sulfide compounds was evaluated in pure and in sequential fermentation with a selected Torulaspora delbrueckii. Additionally, the influence of grape juices coming from three different vintages under winery conditions was evaluated. In pure fermentation, improved native S. cerevisiae strain exhibited a behavior related to vintage, highlighting that the composition of grape juice affects the fermentation process. In particular, an increase in ethyl octanoate (vintage 2017) and phenyl ethyl acetate (vintage 2018) was detected. Moreover, isoamyl acetate was highly consistent and could be a distinctive aroma of the strain. The sequential fermentation T. delbrueckii/S. cerevisiae determined an increase in aroma compounds such as phenyl ethyl acetate and ethyl hexanoate. In this way, it was possible to produce Verdicchio wine with reduced sulfites and characterized by a peculiar aromatic taste.

scholarly journals Effect of Yeasts on the Aroma Profile of Sauvignon Blanc Varietal Wine

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Božena Průšová ◽  
Jiří Sochor ◽  
Mojmír Baroň ◽  
Michal Kumšta
Keyword(s):  
Grape Juice ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Isobutyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate ◽  
Commercial Yeast ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ethyl Decanoate

In this study effects of commercial yeast preparations on the aromatic profile of Sauvignon Blanc varietal wine were investigated. Grape juice was divided to 7 experimental variants and fermented spontaneously and using 6 commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In final wine samples, essential analytical parameters and selected aromatic compounds were analysed. The highest content of esters was found out in samples fermented by spontaneous micro‑flora; in this case, concentrations of ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate were 682 µg/L, 735 µg/L and 162 µg/L, respectively. The highest content of acetates was recorded in samples fermented by yeast Vulcaferm Sauvignon; concentrations of isoamyl acetate, 2‑phenylethyl acetate and isobutyl acetate were 7.8 mg/L, 244 µg/L and 137 µg/L, respectively. Yeast strain suitable for cold fermentation (Oenoferm Fredo) produced high amounts of ethyl esters and acetates. As far as the sensory evaluation was concerned, the best rating got the sample fermented by these yeasts; it showed a high degree of smell and flavour cleanness as well as a very good overall harmony.

scholarly journals The Influence of Selected Autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Narince Wines

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çelik ◽  
Erten ◽  
Cabaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Autochthonous Yeast

Vitis vinifera cv. Narince is a Turkish native white grape variety. In this study, volatile and sensory properties of Narince wines that are produced with autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) strains and commercial strain were compared. Autochthonous yeast strains 1044 (MG017575), 1088 (MG017577), and 1281 (MG017581) were previously isolated from spontaneous fermentations of Narince grapes. Volatile compounds formed in wines were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction method and determined by GC-MS-FID. All yeast strains fermented Narince grape juice to dryness. The differences between the volatile profiles of the yeast strains were determined. Wines fermented with autochthonous strains 1281 and 1044 produced a higher amount of acetates and ethyl esters. While the highest concentrations of ethyl hexanoate and hexyl acetate were found in wine fermented with 1044, the highest concentrations of ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, isoamyl acetate, and 2-phenylethyl acetate were found in wine fermented with strain 1281. Also, the highest contents of 2-phenyl ethanol and linalool were found in wine fermented with strain 1281. According to sensory analysis, the wine fermented with 1281 achieved the best scores in floral and fruity attributes, as well as balance and global impression. The data obtained in the present study showed that autochthonous yeast strains affect the final physicochemical composition and sensory profile of Narince wines.

scholarly journals Starmerella bombicola and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Wine Sequential Fermentation in Aeration Condition: Evaluation of Ethanol Reduction and Analytical Profile

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Laura Canonico ◽  
Edoardo Galli ◽  
Alice Agarbati ◽  
Francesca Comitini ◽  
Maurizio Ciani
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Aeration Condition ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
Starmerella Bombicola ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Condition Evaluation ◽  
Sequential Fermentation

In the last few decades, the increase of ethanol in wine, due to global climate change and consumers’ choice is one of the main concerns in winemaking. One of the most promising approaches in reducing the ethanol content in wine is the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in co-fermentation or sequential fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work, we evaluate the use of Starmerella bombicola and S. cerevisiae in sequential fermentation under aeration condition with the aim of reducing the ethanol content with valuable analytical profile. After a preliminary screening in synthetic grape juice, bench-top fermentation trials were conducted in natural grape juice by evaluating the aeration condition (20 mL/L/min during the first 72 h) on ethanol reduction and on the analytical profile of wines. The results showed that S. bombicola/S. cerevisiae sequential fermentation under aeration condition determined an ethanol reduction of 1.46% (v/v) compared with S. cerevisiae pure fermentation. Aeration condition did not negatively affect the analytical profile of sequential fermentation S. bombicola/S. cerevisiae particularly an overproduction of volatile acidity and ethyl acetate. On the other hand, these conditions strongly improved the production of glycerol and succinic acid that positively affect the structure and body of wine.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and sensory evaluation of wines produced with different Moscato varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 02033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Â.R. Marcon ◽  
L.V. Schwarz ◽  
S.V. Dutra ◽  
A.P.L. Delamare ◽  
F. Gottardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Ethyl Decanoate ◽  
South Brazil

Moscato grapes give very aromatic musts and wines, characterized by the presence of monoterpenoids. The Farroupilha region situated in the highlands of South Brazil, is responsible for 50% of Brazilian Moscato wines production, and obtained its Geographical Indication (GI) in 2015. Brazilian Moscato wines are produced with several varieties, mainly Moscato Branco, Moscato Bianco R2 and Moscato Giallo. The objective of this study was to characterize the aromatic profile of wines produced with the three varieties. Microvinifications were conducted with grapes collected in three vineyards located in Farroupilha. Volatile compounds were evaluated using gas chromatography, and sensory characteristics were determined by a panel of enologists using a specific descriptive chard. Moscato Giallo wines exhibited the highest concentrations of ethyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, isoamyl acetate, linalool, and α-terpineol; Moscato R2 wines showed the highest concentrations of ethyl decanoate and nerol, while Moscato Branco wines, the most representative variety of Brazilian sparkling Moscato wines, exhibited the highest concentrations of ethanal and ethyl hexanoate, and intermediary concentrations of the other compounds. In sensory analysis, the three varieties exhibited pear, pitanga, rosemary, and citric fruits aromas, but in general, Moscato Giallo and Moscato R2 were more intense, while Moscato Branco showed the highest acidity.

scholarly journals Evolution of Aromatic Profile of Torulaspora delbrueckii Mixed Fermentation at Microbrewery Plant

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Canonico ◽  
Enrico Ciani ◽  
Edoardo Galli ◽  
Francesca Comitini ◽  
Maurizio Ciani
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Torulaspora Delbrueckii ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Plant Monitoring

Nowadays, consumers require quality beer with peculiar organoleptic characteristics and fermentation management has a fundamental role in the production of aromatic compounds and in the overall beer quality. A strategy to achieve this goal is the use of non-conventional yeasts. In this context, the use of Torulaspora delbrueckii was proposed in the brewing process as a suitable strain to obtain a product with a distinctive aromatic taste. In the present work, Saccharomyces cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii mixed fermentation was investigated at a microbrewery plant monitoring the evolution of the main aromatic compounds. The results indicated a suitable behavior of this non-conventional yeast in a production plant. Indeed, the duration of the process was very closed to that exhibited by S. cerevisiae pure fermentation. Moreover, mixed fermentation showed an increase of some aromatic compounds as ethyl hexanoate, α-terpineol, and β-phenyl ethanol. The enhancement of aromatic compounds was confirmed by the sensory evaluation carried out by trained testers. Indeed, the beers produced by mixed fermentation showed an emphasized note of fruity/citric and fruity/esters notes and did not show aroma defects.

scholarly journals Aromatypicity of Austrian Pinot Blanc Wines

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5705
Author(s):  
Christian Philipp ◽  
Phillip Eder ◽  
Sezer Sari ◽  
Nizakat Hussain ◽  
Elsa Patzl-Fischerleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Ethyl Butanoate ◽  
Methyl Hexanoate ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ethyl Decanoate

Pinot blanc is a grape variety found in all wine-growing regions of Austria. However, there are only few scientific studies which deal with the aroma of wines of this variety. In the course of this project, the relationship between aroma profile and the typicity of Austrian Pinot blanc wines was studied. The aim was to describe the typicity and to find significant differences in aroma profiles and aroma descriptors of typical and atypical Pinot blanc wines. Since the typicity of a jointly anchored prototype is embedded in the memory, typical attributes for Austrian Pinot blanc wines were first identified by consumers and experts or producers. According to this, 131 flawless commercial Austrian wines of the variety Pinot blanc of the vintages 2015 to 2017 were analysed for more than 100 volatile substances. The wines of the vintages 2015 to 2017 were judged by a panel of producers and experts for their typicity; furthermore, the wines of the vintage 2017 were also evaluated by a consumer panel and a trained descriptive panel. Subsequently, typical and atypical wines were described by the trained descriptive panel. It was found that Pinot blanc wines typical of Austria showed significantly higher concentrations of the ester compounds ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, while atypical wines had higher concentrations of free monoterpenes such as linalool, trans-linalool oxide, nerol oxide, nerol and alpha-terpineol. The sensory description of typical Pinot blanc wines was significantly more pronounced for the attribute “yellow pome fruit”, and tended to be more pronounced for the attributes “green pome fruit”, “pear”, “walnut”, “pineapple”, “banana” and “vanilla”, while the atypical Pinot blanc wines were described more by the attribute “citrus”. These findings could help to ensure that, through targeted measures, Austrian Pinot blanc wines become even more typical and distinguish themselves from other origins such as Germany or South Tyrol through a clear concept of typicity.

scholarly journals Evaluación del perfil aromático de vino blanco producido con cepas resultantes de la fusión de protoplastos de levaduras

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Maria Berradre ◽  
Ana Cáceres ◽  
Zulay Mármol ◽  
Johanna Raga ◽  
Marisela Rincón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Headspace Volatile ◽  
Indigenous Yeast

  El estudio de diferentes estrategias para conseguir mayor complejidad aromática a los vinos, es una inquietud constante dentro del campo de la enología debido a que el aroma es uno de los atributos más importantes implicados en la calidad del vino. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el perfil aromático de vino blanco producido mediante fermentación alcohólica de la cepa híbrida SCHLUZ2014 resultante de la fusión intergénica de protoplastos de la levadura autóctona Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCVMLUZ 2008 y la levadura comercial Hanseniaspora guilliermondii CECT (Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo) 11102. Se realizaron vinificaciones en blanco con mosto de uva de la variedad Malvasía, además se realizaron fermentaciones con las levaduras parentales por separado y con un cultivo mixto de éstas. Se midieron los compuestos volátiles mayoritarios originados en la etapa de fermentación: acetato de isoamilo, acetato de etilo, hexanoato de etilo, n-propanol, isobutanol, alcohol isoamílico, acetaldehído y diacetilo. El perfil aromático fue determinado utilizando la técnica de espacio de cabeza acoplada a un cromatógrafo de gases con detector FID y ECD. La levadura híbrida produjo cantidades aceptables de alcoholes superiores y de acetaldehído. El vino generado con ésta cepa presentó mayor cantidad de hexanoato de etilo que la levadura autóctona S.cerevisiae, H.guilliermondii y la mezcla de ambas, por lo que ésta levadura representa una alternativa para la elaboración de vinos blancos con aroma a fruta agradable y matices propios de la región zuliana.   Palabras clave: vino blanco, levadura híbrida, aroma, compuestos volátiles.   Abstract The study of different strategies to achieve greater aromatic intensity to wines, is a constant concern in the field of winemaking because the aroma is one of the most important attributes involved in the quality of wine. The aim of the present work is to determine the aromatic profile of white wine produced by alcoholic fermentation of the hybrid strain resulting from the intergenic fusion of protoplasts of the indigenous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCVMLUZ 2008 and the commercial yeast Hanseniaspora guilliermondii CECT (Spanish Collection of Type Crops) 11102. Fermentations of white wine were made with grape must of the variety Malvasía, besides making fermentations with the parental yeasts separately and with a mixed culture of these. The majority volatile compounds produced in the fermentation stage were measured: isoamyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, n-propanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, acetaldehyde and diacetyl. The aromatic profile was used in the technique of coupled head space and gas chromatograph with FID and ECD detector. The hybrid yeast produces acceptable quantities of higher alcohols and acetaldehyde. The wine generated with this strain presented a greater amount of ethyl hexanoate than the indigenous yeast S.cerevisiae, H. guilliermondii and the mixture of both. The hybrid yeast represents an alternative for the production of white wines with pleasant fruit aroma and own nuances from the Zulia region.   Key words: white wine, hybrid yeast, aroma, GC headspace, volatile compounds.

scholarly journals Improvement of Nitrogen Assimilation and Fermentation Kinetics under Enological Conditions by Derepression of Alternative Nitrogen-Assimilatory Pathways in an Industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3831-3837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Salmon ◽  
Pierre Barre
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Proline Utilization ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
Utilization Pathway ◽  
Grape Musts

ABSTRACT Metabolism of nitrogen compounds by yeasts affects the efficiency of wine fermentation. Ammonium ions, normally present in grape musts, reduce catabolic enzyme levels and transport activities for nonpreferred nitrogen sources. This nitrogen catabolite repression severely impairs the utilization of proline and arginine, both common nitrogen sources in grape juice that require the proline utilization pathway for their assimilation. We attempted to improve fermentation performance by genetic alteration of the regulation of nitrogen-assimilatory pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One mutant carrying a recessive allele ofure2 was isolated from an industrial S. cerevisiae strain. This mutation strongly deregulated the proline utilization pathway. Fermentation kinetics of this mutant were studied under enological conditions on simulated standard grape juices with various nitrogen levels. Mutant strains produced more biomass and exhibited a higher maximum CO2 production rate than the wild type. These differences were primarily due to the derepression of amino acid utilization pathways. When low amounts of dissolved oxygen were added, the mutants could assimilate proline. Biomass yield and fermentation rate were consequently increased, and the duration of the fermentation was substantially shortened. S. cerevisiae strains lacking URE2 function could improve alcoholic fermentation of natural media where proline and other poorly assimilated amino acids are the major potential nitrogen source, as is the case for most fruit juices and grape musts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wine Yeast Competitive Fitness in Enologically Relevant Environments by Barcode Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Schmidt ◽  
Radka Kolouchova ◽  
Angus H. Forgan ◽  
Anthony R. Borneman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
The Many ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
Barcode Sequencing ◽  
Strain Dependent

When a wine yeast is inoculated into grape juice the potential variation in juice composition that confronts it is huge. Assessing the performance characteristics of the many commercially available wine yeasts in the many possible grape juice compositions is a daunting task. To this end we have developed a barcoded Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast collection to facilitate the task of performance assessment that will contribute to a broader understanding of genotype-phenotype relations. Barcode sequencing of mixed populations is used to monitor strain abundance in different grape juices and grape juice-like environments. Choice of DNA extraction method is shown to affect strain-specific barcode count in this highly related set of S. cerevisiae strains; however, the analytical approach is shown to be robust toward strain dependent variation in DNA extraction efficiency. Of the 38 unique compositional variables assessed, resistance to copper and SO2 are found to be dominant discriminatory factors in wine yeast performance. Finally, a comparison of competitive fitness profile with performance in single inoculum fermentations reveal strain dependent correspondence of yeast performance using these two different approaches.

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