scholarly journals Responses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to Engineered Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Katarina Kralova ◽  
Josef Jampilek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used by mankind since ancient times. This is primarily due to their healing effects associated with their specific secondary metabolites (some of which are also used as drugs in modern medicine), or their structures, served as a basis for the development of new effective synthetic drugs. One way to increase the production of these secondary metabolites is to use nanoparticles that act as elicitors. However, depending on the specific particle size, composition, concentration, and route of application, nanoparticles may have several other benefits on medicinal and aromatic plants (e.g., increased plant growth, improved photosynthesis, and overall performance). On the other hand, particularly at applications of high concentrations, they are able to damage plants mechanically, adversely affect morphological and biochemical characteristics of plants, and show cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the beneficial and adverse effects of metal-, metalloid-, and carbon-based nanoparticles on the germination, growth, and biochemical characteristics of a wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants, including the corresponding mechanisms of action. The positive impact of nanopriming and application of nanosized fertilizers on medicinal and aromatic plants is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the effects of various nanoparticles on the production of valuable secondary metabolites in these plants cultivated in hydroponic systems, soil, hairy root, or in vitro cultures. The beneficial impact of nanoparticles on the alleviation of abiotic stresses in medicinal and aromatic plants is also discussed.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

Use of Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the Fragrance Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 669-690
Author(s):  
Hebert Jair Barrales-Cureño ◽  
Rafael Salgado-Garciglia ◽  
Luis Germán López-Valdez ◽  
Rodolfo Reynoso-López ◽  
Braulio Edgar Herrera-Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants

scholarly journals Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V®): three decades of research

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
E. Arvidsson Nordström ◽  
C. Teixeira ◽  
C. Montelius ◽  
B. Jeppsson ◽  
N. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wide Range

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more than 60 are human clinical studies. The genome sequence of L. plantarum 299v has been determined and is available in the public domain (GenBank Accession number: NZ_LEAV01000004). The probiotic strain L. plantarum 299v was isolated from healthy human intestinal mucosa three decades ago by scientists at Lund University, Sweden. Thirty years later, a wealth of data coming from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies exist, showing benefits primarily for gastrointestinal health, such as reduced flatulence and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, several clinical studies have shown positive effects of L. plantarum 299v on iron absorption and more recently also on iron status. L. plantarum 299v is safe for human consumption and does not confer antibiotic resistance. It survives the harsh conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, adheres to mannose residues on the intestinal epithelial cells and has in some cases been re-isolated more than ten days after administration ceased. Besides studying health benefits, research groups around the globe have investigated L. plantarum 299v in a range of applications and processes. L. plantarum 299v is used in many different food applications as well as in various dietary supplements. In a freeze-dried format, L. plantarum 299v is robust and stable at room temperature, enabling long shelf-lives of consumer healthcare products such as capsules, tablets, or powder sachets. The strain is patent protected for a wide range of indications and applications worldwide as well as trademarked as LP299V®.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering for the Insertions of Tendons and Ligaments: An Overview of Electrospun Biomaterials and Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sensini ◽  
Gabriele Massafra ◽  
Carlo Gotti ◽  
Andrea Zucchelli ◽  
Luca Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Junction Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

The musculoskeletal system is composed by hard and soft tissue. These tissues are characterized by a wide range of mechanical properties that cause a progressive transition from one to the other. These material gradients are mandatory to reduce stress concentrations at the junction site. Nature has answered to this topic developing optimized interfaces, which enable a physiological transmission of load in a wide area over the junction. The interfaces connecting tendons and ligaments to bones are called entheses, while the ones between tendons and muscles are named myotendinous junctions. Several injuries can affect muscles, bones, tendons, or ligaments, and they often occur at the junction sites. For this reason, the main aim of the innovative field of the interfacial tissue engineering is to produce scaffolds with biomaterial gradients and mechanical properties to guide the cell growth and differentiation. Among the several strategies explored to mimic these tissues, the electrospinning technique is one of the most promising, allowing to generate polymeric nanofibers similar to the musculoskeletal extracellular matrix. Thanks to its extreme versatility, electrospinning has allowed the production of sophisticated scaffolds suitable for the regeneration of both the entheses and the myotendinous junctions. The aim of this review is to analyze the most relevant studies that applied electrospinning to produce scaffolds for the regeneration of the enthesis and the myotendinous junction, giving a comprehensive overview on the progress made in the field, in particular focusing on the electrospinning strategies to produce these scaffolds and their mechanical, in vitro, and in vivo outcomes.

scholarly journals Quercetin Improves the Endocrine Function of Rat Testicular Tissue Under in Vitro Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filip Benko ◽  
Patrik Hrnčiar ◽  
Norbert Lukáč ◽  
Róbert Kirchner ◽  
Eva Tvrdá
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Hormones ◽  
The Impact

Summary Compounds of natural origin are often used for their beneficial effects on the male endocrine system and the synthesis of steroid biomolecules in testicular tissue. One of such compounds is quercetin (QUE), which belongs to the flavonoid family and is found in a wide range of vegetables, fruits and plant products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of QUE on the endocrine function of rat testicular fragments under in vitro conditions. Testicular fragments from adult Wistar rats (n=9), cultured in the D-MEM medium with different concentrations of QUE (namely 1, 10 and 100 µmol/L) for 24 h at 37°C (5% CO2), were used in the experiment conducted. Following culture, the medium was separated and the levels of cholesterol (CHOL) and male hormones were measured. CHOL values were quantified spectrophotometrically, whereas the concentrations of androstenedione (ANDRO), dehydropeiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone (TEST) were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit. The results obtained indicate that 10 µmol/L QUE significantly increased (P<0.001; P<0.05) the concentrations of all the steroid biomolecules considered (CHOL, ANDRO, DHEA and TEST) when compared to the control samples. Accordingly, our findings confirm the positive impact of QUE on the endocrine function and steroidogenesis of rat testicular tissue under in vitro conditions.

Polyoxometalates in Biomedicine: Update and Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana B. Čolović ◽  
Milan Lacković ◽  
Jovana Lalatović ◽  
Ali S. Mougharbel ◽  
Ulrich Kortz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Early Transition Metal ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Polyoxometalates (POMs) are negatively charged metal-oxo clusters of early transition metal ions in high oxidation states (e.g., WVI, MoVI, VV). POMs are of interest in the fields of catalysis, electronics, magnetic materials and nanotechnology. Moreover, POMs were shown to exhibit biological activities in vitro and in vivo, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic. Methods: The literature search for this peer-reviewed article was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases with the help of appropriate keywords. Results: This review gives a comprehensive overview of recent studies regarding biological activities of polyoxometalates, and their biomedical applications as promising anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-diabetic agents. Additionally, their putative mechanisms of action and molecular targets are particularly considered. Conclusion: Although a wide range of biological activities of Polyoxometalates (POMs) has been reported, they are to the best of our knowledge not close to a clinical trial or a final application in the treatment of diabetes or infectious and malignant diseases. Accordingly, further studies should be directed towards determining the mechanism of POM biological actions, which would enable fine-tuning at the molecular level, and consequently efficient action towards biological targets and as low toxicity as possible. Furthermore, biomedical studies should be performed on solutionstable POMs employing physiological conditions and concentrations.

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF DRUG-PLASMA PROTEIN INTERACTION FOR CNS ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Obradović ◽  
◽  
Milica Radan ◽  
Marija Popović-Nikolić ◽  
Slavica Oljačić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Drug Plasma ◽  
Wide Range

The human serum albumin (HSA) is well known for its extraordinary binding capacity for both endogenous and exogenous compounds, including a wide range of drugs. The goal of our investigation was to evaluate the distribution process for 15 CNS active compounds. The drug-plasma protein interaction was evaluated under simulative physiological conditions on the HSA-based stationary phase by using the mixture of Sørensen phosphate buffer (pH 7.40) and acetonitrile modifier as a mobile phase (84:16 v/v). The retention parameters (k) were used to approximate the % of protein-binding by calculating the P(%) values. The results obtained through this study demonstrated that the constitutional properties (e.g. number of total bonds, atoms, carbon atoms) and lipophilicity have a strong positive impact on the HSA-binding affinity. The coefficient of diffusion has a negative impact, while the atoms and sites available for the CYP450 oxidation showed the most significant correlation (r = 0.92). This study provides a basis for further in vitro chromatographical investigations of drug-HSA interaction for CNS active compounds. The correlation between obtained retention data and the availability to enzymes oxidation indicates the application of the tested system in the assessment of the metabolic degradation profile of CNS related drugs.

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