Identification and Application of Bioactive Compounds from Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. for Weed Management

The allelopathic potential of plant species and their related compounds has been increasingly reported to be biological tools for weed control. The allelopathic potential of Garcinia xanthochymus was assessed against several test plant species: lettuce, rapeseed, Italian ryegrass, and timothy. The extracts of G. xanthochymus leaves significantly inhibited all the test plants in a concentration- and species-specific manner. Therefore, to identify the specific compounds involved in the allelopathic activity of the G. xanthochymus extracts, assay-guided purification was carried out and two allelopathic compounds were isolated and identified as methyl phloretate {3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid methyl ester} and vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid). Both of the substances significantly arrested the cress and timothy seedlings growth. I50 values (concentrations required for 50% inhibition) for shoots and roots growth of the cress and timothy were 113.6–104.6 and 53.3–40.5 μM, respectively, for methyl phloretate, and 331.6–314.7 and 118.8–107.4 μM, respectively, for vanillic acid, which implied that methyl phloretate was close to 3- and 2-fold more effective than vanillic acid against cress and timothy, respectively. This report is the first on the presence of methyl phloretate in a plant and its phytotoxic property. These observations suggest that methyl phloretate and vanillic acid might participate in the phytotoxicity of G. xanthochymus extract.

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Assessment of allelopathic potential of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre and its growth inhibitory substance

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i7.2130 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

Ramida Krumsri ◽

Arihiro Iwasaki ◽

Kiyotake Suenaga ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Inhibitory Substance ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Barnyard Grass ◽

Growth Inhibitory

In forestry systems, many types of forest trees possess allelopathic properties and release a wide variety of allelochemicals that influence the growth and development of surrounding species. Dalbergia cochinchinensis, a forest tree distributed in Southeast Asia, is reputed to possess several biological properties and contain several secondary compounds. However, there have been no studies on the allelopathy of D. cochinchinensis. Therefore, D. cochinchinensis leaf extracts were examined for allelopathic potential. The present study showed that D. cochinchinensis extracts significantly inhibited the seedling growth of six test plant species: timothy, Italian ryegrass, barnyard grass, cress, alfalfa, and lettuce. Concentrations of the D. cochinchinensis extracts negatively correlated with the shoot length (r = −0.50 to −0.89) and root length (r = −0.65 to −0.89) of all the test plant species. The extracts were then purified using several chromatographic steps and the growth inhibitory substance was isolated. The chemical structure of the substance was identified through spectroscopic analysis as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid). Protocatechuic acid at a concentration higher than 3 mM significantly inhibited the growth of cress seedlings, whereas barnyard grass seedlings were inhibited at concentrations higher than 0.3 mM. As the protocatechuic acid concentration increased, the seedling growth of cress and barnyard grass was significantly reduced. I50 values showed the effectiveness of protocatechuic acid against both test plant species was apparently greater on root growth than shoot growth. Results of this study suggest that protocatechuic acid isolated from D. cochinchinensis might be responsible for its inhibitory effects.

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Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Leaf Extracts from Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. on the Seedling Growth of Six Test Plants

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47411598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1019-1024

Author(s):

Ramida KRUMSRI ◽

Sutjaritpan BOONMEE ◽

Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Allelopathic Activity

Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This plant has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, however, there has been no report related to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the aqueous methanol extracts of D. imbricata were examined for possible allelopathic activity against the seedling growth of dicotyledonous plants; lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and monocotyledonous plants; barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). D. imbricata extracts exhibited a significant inhibition on the seedling growth of all the test plant species at the concentration ≥ 0.01 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The seedling growth of lettuce showed the highest inhibition with D. imbricata extracts followed by alfalfa and cress, whereas the least inhibition was found on the seedling growth of timothy. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of all the test plant species were in the range of 0.003 to 0.067 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.018 to 0.026 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. In addition considering the I50 values, the root growth of the test plant species was more sensitive to D. imbricata extracts than their shoot growth, except cress seedling. These results indicated that D. imbricata may possess allelopathic activity and may contain allelopathic substances. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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Allelopathic potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. leaf extracts against the seedling growth of six test plants

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48312022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1534-1542

Author(s):

Ei H. KYAW ◽

Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Allelopathic Potential

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd (Mimosaceae), a woody climbing plant, is used as a traditional medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia regions and has been documented to have various pharmacological effects. However, the allelopathy of this plant still remains unclear. Thus, the allelopathic potential of A. pennata leaf extracts was examined against the seedling growth of dicot plants [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)] and monocot plants [barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiﬂorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)] at six different concentrations. The results showed that the A. pennata leaf extracts inhibited the seedling growth of all the test plant species at concentrations ≥3 mg dry weight (D.W.) equivalent extract mL-1. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against both shoot and root growth varied with concentration and tested plants. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the test plant shoots and roots were 1.5-16.1 and 1.4-8.6 mg D.W. equivalent extract mL-1, respectively. The root growth of all the test plant species was more sensitive to the extracts than their shoot growth, except alfalfa. The results of the present study indicate that the A. pennata leaf extracts may have allelopathic potential and may contain allelopathic substances. Therefore, further studies are required for isolation and identification of the growth inhibitory substances which are responsible for the allelopathic effect of A. pennata.

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Allelopathic Potential and Active Substances from Wedelia Chinensis (Osbeck)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9111591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1591

Author(s):

Kawsar Hossen ◽

Krishna Rany Das ◽

Shun Okada ◽

Arihiro Iwasaki ◽

Kiyotake Suenaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Barnyard Grass ◽

Growth Inhibitory ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Pharmaceutical Properties ◽

Active Substances

Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) is a wetland herb native to India, China, and Japan. It is a valuable medicinal plant recorded to have pharmaceutical properties. However, the phytotoxic potential of Wedelia chinensis has not yet been examined. Thus, we carried out this study to establish the allelopathic effects of Wedelia chinensis and to identify its phytotoxic substances. Extracts of Wedelia chinensis exhibited high inhibitory activity against the root and shoot growth of cress, alfalfa, rapeseed, lettuce, foxtail fescue, Italian ryegrass, timothy, and barnyard grass. The inhibition was varied with species and was dependent on concentrations. The extracts were separated through several purification steps, and the two effective substances were isolated and characterized as vanillic acid and gallic acid using spectral analysis. Vanillic acid and gallic acid significantly arrested the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass seedlings. The concentrations of vanillic acid and gallic acid needed for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of the seedling growth of the cress and Italian ryegrass were 0.04–15.4 and 0.45–6.6 mM, respectively. The findings suggest that vanillic acid and gallic acid may be required for the growth inhibitory activities of Wedelia chinensis.

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Potential Allelopathic Candidates for Land Use and Possible Sustainable Weed Management in South Asian Ecosystem

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2649 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kohinoor Begum ◽

Mashura Shammi ◽

Nazmul Hasan ◽

Md. Asaduzzaman ◽

Kwame Sarpong Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

South Asian ◽

Weed Management ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Vital Role ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Radicle Elongation ◽

Inhibitory Potential

Weed management is one of the significant challenges of field crops since weeds pose a remarkable threat to crop productivity in South Asian countries, including Bangladesh. Allelopathy, a phenomenon whereby secondary metabolites produced and released by one plant species influence the growth and development of other species can be exploited in sustainable management. The focus of this study was to evaluate potential allelopathic plant species which can be further explored as alternatives to synthetic herbicides or incorporated as part of integrated weed management in sustainable agriculture. Two hundred fifty-two plant samples from 70 families were collected from Bangladesh and evaluated with the sandwich bioassay. Thirty-one percent of the samples showed significant allelopathic potential on lettuce radicle elongation. Among the species that showed substantial inhibition, more than 7% of the samples showed higher inhibition (HI) and 25% showed moderate inhibition (MI) on lettuce radicle. Fruit pulps of Couroupita guianensis (95.4%), fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (95.4%), and Acacia concinna (95.4%) showed the highest inhibition on lettuce radicle elongation. In contrast, the leaf of Bombax insigne had growth promoting activity by stimulating radicle (23%) and hypocotyl (80%) elongation of lettuce seedlings. This result suggested that the species with significant plant growth inhibitory potential may play a vital role as an alternative to the increasing use of synthetic herbicides for sustainable weed management in agricultural land.

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Bioherbicidal Potential of the Essential Oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae for Weed Control in Organic Farming

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Giuseppe De Mastro ◽

Jihane El Mahdi ◽

Claudia Ruta

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Weed Control ◽

Plant Species ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Potential Losses ◽

Allelopathic Compounds ◽

Control Tool

In all farming systems, weeds are the most expensive pest to manage, accounting for 30% of potential losses. In organic farming, the problem may be further amplified by restrictions on herbicides, thus making weeds the main problem faced by organic farmers in the field. In this sense, much research is focusing on the allelopathic potential of plants as an ecological weed control tool. Many plant species can release allelopathic compounds with high phytotoxicity that can be used in weed control. Species belonging to the Lamiaceae family have been studied widely for this purpose, and their essential oils (EOs) appear to be promising bioherbicides. However, there are still many challenges for their development. Considering these aspects, a review of the bioherbicidal effect of EOs from Mediterranean Lamiaceae could help identify the most effective ones and the challenges for their actual development.

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Conyza sumatrensis allelopathy effect on Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) seed germination

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo José Ferreira ◽

Patrícia da Costa Zonetti ◽

Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽

Isac George Rosset ◽

André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Weed Management ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Germination Process ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Allelopathic Compounds

Background: Other tools for weed management should be considered in addition to the use of herbicides. In this context, the identification and use of allelopathic compounds deserves attention. Question: To quantify phenolic compounds and evaluate the allelopathic potential of extracts of Conyza sumatrensis on the germination of Bidens pilosa. Studied species: Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) Study site: Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared with shoot and root portions of C. sumatrensis in concentrations: 0, 1, 5 and 10 %. Germination and germination speed index were evaluated. The total flavonoids and phenols of the tested extracts were also quantified. Results: With increasing concentrations of the extracts there was an increased inhibition of germination of B. pilosa and delays in the germination process. The extracts from the shoot of C. sumatrensis had a more expressive effect on seed germination when compared to the extracts obtained from the root. At concentration of 10 %, the extract from the shoot reduced in 83 % the percentage of germination. This may be related to the higher concentration of total flavonoids and phenols found. Conclusion: The allelopathic potential of C. sumatrensis plants can be considered since both shoot and root extracts inhibited and/or reduced the germination of B. pilosa.

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Three Active Phytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Albizia richardiana (Voigt.) King and Prain for the Development of Bioherbicides to Control Weeds

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10092385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2385

Author(s):

Kawsar Hossen ◽

Kaori Ozaki ◽

Toshiaki Teruya ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Albizia Richardiana ◽

Global Population

The global population is increasing day by day. To meet the food demand for such a huge number of people, crop production must increase without damaging the environment, and to prevent synthetic chemical herbicides from polluting the environment, controlling weeds using bioherbicides is essential. Accordingly, using phytotoxic substances obtained from plants for biological weed management has attracted attention. The plant Albizia richardiana possesses phytotoxic compounds that have been previously recorded. Hence, we have conducted this research to characterize more phytotoxic compounds in Albizia richardiana. Aqueous methanolic extracts of Albizia richardiana plant significantly restricted the growth of the examined plants lettuce and Italian ryegrass in a species- and concentration-dependent manner. Three active phytotoxic compounds were isolated through various chromatographic methods and identified as compound 1, 2, and 3. Compound 3 exhibited stronger phytotoxic potentials than the other two compounds and significantly suppressed the growth of Lepidium sativum (cress). The concentration of the compounds required for 50% growth reduction (I50 value) of the Lepidium sativum seedlings ranged between 0.0827 to 0.4133 mg/mL. The results suggest that these three phytotoxic compounds might contribute to the allelopathic potential of Albizia richardiana.

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